Danie Craven

Daniël Hartman Craven (11 October 1910 – 4

Danie Craven
January 1993) was a South African rugby union player
(1931–38), national coach, national and international
rugby administrator, academic, and author. Popularly
known as Danie, Doc, or Mr Rugby, Craven's
appointment from 1949 to 1956 as coach of the
Springboks signalled "one of the most successful spells
in South African rugby history" during which the
national team won 74% of their matches.[5] While as a
player Craven is mostly remembered as one of rugby's
greatest dive-passing scrumhalves ever,[2] he had also
on occasion been selected to play for the Springboks as
a centre, fly-half, No.8, and full-back. As the longest-
serving President of the South African Rugby Board
(1956–93) and chairman of the International Rugby
Craven in New Zealand in 1956
Board (1962, 1973, 1979), Craven became one of the
Birth name Daniël Hartman Craven
best-known and most controversial rugby
administrators.[2][6] Date of birth 11 October 1910
Place of birth Lindley, Free State, South Africa
Craven earned doctorates in ethnology (1935),
Date of death 4 January 1993 (aged 82)
psychology (1973) and physical education (1978). He
not only created the physical training division of the Place of death Stellenbosch, South Africa
South African Defence Force (1941) but became the Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
first professor of physical education at Stellenbosch
Weight 80 kg (176 lb)
University (1949).[2][7]
School Lindley High School
University Stellenbosch University
Occupation(s) President of South African Rugby ('56–'93)
Contents
Director of Sport ('76–'84)
Early life and school years Professor of Physical Education ('49–'75)
Education and teaching career Rugby union career
Rugby playing career
Provincial career Position(s) Scrum-half ('31–38)
International career Centre ('33)
Test history Fly-half ('37)
Rugby coaching and administration No. 8 ('37)
Coaching career Amateur team(s)
Administrative career
Years Team Apps (Points)
Personal life
1925 Lindley RFC ()
Legacy
1929–1935[1] Stellenbosch University
Honours
Aphorisms 1936–1937 Albany (Grahamstown)
Published works 1938[1] Garrison RFC
[1][2]
See also
References Provincial / State sides
 External links Years Team Apps (Points)
1931–1935[3] Western Province ()
Eastern Province
Early life and school years 1936–1937?[1][3] Northern Transvaal[1]
Danie Craven was born on 11 October 1911 to James
Roos Craven (b. 28 June 1882) and Maria Susanna 1938[1][3][4]
Hartman (d. 1958) on Steeton Farm near Lindley, a National team(s)
small town on the Vals River in eastern Free State Years Team Apps (Points)
province of South Africa.[8][9] Craven was the third of
1931–1938 South Africa 16 (6)
seven children. The family farm was named forSteeton
in West Yorkshire, home to Craven's paternal Teams coached
grandfather, John Craven (1837–90), who came to Years Team
South Africa as a diamond prospector.[7] Craven later 1949–1956[2] Stellenbosch University
also named his home in Stellenbosch Steeton.[2] His 1949–1956 South Africa
father, aged 18, fought against the British during the
.[10][11]
Anglo-Boer War and was interned in a British concentration camp, a fate that reportedly also befell his mother

As a young boy Craven played barefoot soccer

, and received his first lessons at a farm school. Athe
t age of 13 he was sent to Lindley
High School, and started playing rugby with a stone in the dusty town streets.[12] At school he shone at cricket and rugby.[13] In the
following year Craven was selected to play for the town's adult team, but his principal, Tivoli van Huyssteen, prevented him from
playing until he turned 15.[7][12] Among his Lindley teammates was Lappies Hattingh, who would play with Craven 8 years later in
the Springbok team against theWallabies.[1]

Education and teaching career

In 1929 Craven enrolled at Stellenbosch University in the Western Cape. He initially registered as a theology student,[7] but later
switched to Social Sciences and Social Anthropology.[12] The switch was prompted by medical advice after his vocal chords were
damaged by a kick to the throat while he tried to stop char [1]
ging forwards during the 1932 test against Scotland.

Craven lodged in Wilgenhof Men's Residence, following in the footsteps of his maternal grandfather, George Nathaniel Hayward
(1886–1977). In 1903 Hayward had been one of Wilgenhof's first residents.[14] An all-round athlete, Craven represented his
university in rugby, swimming (captain), water polo and baseball. He also participated in track and field, and played cricket, tennis,
and soccer.[2]

Craven obtained his BA (1932) as well as a MA (1933) and PhD (1935) in Ethnology at Stellenbosch. His PhD dissertation was titled
Ethnological classification of the South African Bantu. His third doctorate was for his thesis on Evolution of Modern Games.[15] He
[2]
was appointed as Stellenbosch's first professor of Physical Education in 1949, and served in that capacity until 1975.

After completing his education at Stellenbosch, Craven started teaching at St. Andrew's College in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, in
1936.[1] He coached the school's rugby side, and while there he was selected for the 1937 Springbok tour
.[2][16]

Craven joined the Union Defence Force in 1938 as Director of Physical Education and was sent to Europe to study physical
education in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, France, and Britain. The imminent outbreak of war forced the Cravens to
return to South Africa. Craven was appointed head of physical education at the South African military academy with the rank of
Major. When his section was established as a separate Physical Training Brigade in 1947, Craven was promoted to Lieutenant-
Colonel and Director of the brigade.[1][7] His military career was momentarily interrupted in 1947 as he was appointed lecturer in the
[2]
Union Education Department at Stellenbosch University before returning to the brigade.

Due to his fame as Springbok Craven's image was used in Afrikaans language newspapers during the Second World War to
encourage men to enlist. The advertisement showed Craven in uniform, looking into the distance and announcing, 'I am playing in the
[17]
biggest Springbok team ever; join me and score the most important try of your life.'
Rugby playing career
At university Craven found a mentor in Stellenbosch coach and national selector
A.F. ("Oubaas Mark") Markötter, in charge of the university team from 1903 to
1957.[1][18] Markötter noticed Craven from the time he starting playing as a 19-year
-
.[13]
old in 1929, and promoted him to the first team the following year

Provincial career
Craven was selected as a Springbok in 1931 before he had made his provincial debut
for Western Province in 1932.[1][7] In a match against Free State in Bloemfontein
that year he scored a hat-trick of tries in a performance regarded as one of his
best.[1]

In 1936 he worked in Grahamstown, and so started playing for Eastern Province,

alongside Flappie Lochner. At Craven's suggestion, Markötter ensured that Lochner
went on the 1937 tour to New Zealand.[1]

100-year Anniversary of Doc Danie

International career Craven at Wilgenhof men's residence
Craven played his first test match on 5 December 1931 asscrum half at the age of 21 in Stellenbosch.
against Wales at St Helens, Swansea. His flyhalf was the captain, Bennie Osler. One
of the other debutants that day was flanker André McDonald, who would later
develop into the first specialist No. 8. Craven and McDonald became fast friends. His performance on a water-logged field led Die
Burger to exult "Boy plays like a giant".[1][19]

In his third test, against Scotland at Murrayfield on 16 January 1932, Craven scored the winning try. The opportunity came because
Craven implemented advice that he had received at Stellenbosch from coach Markötter. Markötter had said that on a muddy field a
scrumhalf should either play with his forwards or kick, Craven recalled later. His advice enabled Craven to choose between captain
Osler, who wanted the ball to be passed to him, and leader of the forwards Boy Louw, who demanded that the ball stay with the
forwards.[20] During the match he was knocked unconscious, sustained damage to his vocal chords, and lost a tooth.
[1]

Craven's last test match was on 10 September 1938 as captain (also as scrum half) at the age of 27 against the British Lions at
Newlands, Cape Town. During the 1930s he was one of the world's leading scrumhalves, but the start of the Second World War in
1939 ended his career prematurely.

Test history
 Results (RSA
Opponents Position Points Dates Venue
1st)
Wales 8–3 Scrum-half – 5 December 1931 St Helen's, Swansea
19 December
Ireland 8–3 Scrum-half – Lansdowne Road, Dublin
1931
Scotland 6–3 Scrum-half 3 (try) 16 January 1932 Murrayfield, Edinburgh
Australia 17–3 Scrum-half 3 (try) 8 July 1933 Newlands, Cape Town
Australia 6–21 Scrum-half - 22 July 1933 Kingsmead, Durban
Australia 12–3 Scrum-half - 12 August 1933 Ellis Park, Johannesburg
Crusaders Grounds, Port
Australia 11–0 Centre - 26 August 1933
Elizabeth
Australia 4–15 Scrum-half - 2 September 1933 Springbok Park, Bloemfontein
Australia 9–5 Fly-half - 26 June 1937 Sydney Cricket Ground
Australia 26–17 No. 8 - 17 July 1937 Sydney Cricket Ground
New
7–13 Fly-half (C) - 14 August 1937 Athletic Park, Wellington
Zealand
New
13–6 Scrum-half - 4 September 1937 Lancaster Park, Christchurch
Zealand
New 25 September
17–6 Scrum-half - Eden Park, Auckland
Zealand 1937
Great Scrum-half
26–12 - 6 August 1938 Ellis Park, Johannesburg
Britain (C)
Great Scrum-half Crusaders Grounds, Port
19–3 - 3 September 1938
Britain (C) Elizabeth
Great Scrum-half 10 September
16–21 - Newlands, Cape Town
Britain (C) 1938

Rugby coaching and administration

Coaching career
After his rugby-playing career ended, he was a national selector from 1938 until he was appointed coach in 1949. He started his
coaching career with a bang, winning 10 matches in a row, including a 4–0 whitewash of New Zealand in their 1949 tour to South
Africa. Under his guidance the Springboks were undefeated from 1949 to 1952, and won 17 of 23 tests (74% success rate) – an
achievement that makes Craven one of South Africa's greatest coaches. He also coached Stellenbosch University from 1949 until
1956.[2]

Administrative career
Craven became the president of the South African Rugby Board (SARB) in 1956. He was also a member of the International Rugby
[2]
Board from 1957 and served as its chairman on several occasions.

The last part of Craven's chairmanship of the SARB occurred during the country's most tumultuous years. Rugby had become the
national sport of white South Africans and a symbol of Afrikaner power. In the 1970s and 1980s, the outlawed African National
Congress allied with overseas anti-apartheid movements to successfully isolate South Africa from sporting and cultural contact with
the rest of the world. Of all the sanctions aimed at South Africa, none irked the Afrikaner population more than the ban on rugby
internationals.[21]
Craven managed to maintain links with other rugby playing nations during the years of South Africa's sporting isolation through his
position with the IRB. He feared that isolation would negatively affect the standard of Springbok rugby. Consequently, he was not
above "some murky business", such as the New Zealand Cavaliers tour in 1986, which Craven denied would happen. By the time
South Africa returned to international competition in 1992, there had been no outgoing tours since 1981, and no incoming tours since
1984.[7]

In 1988 Craven met leaders of the African National Congress (ANC) in Harare, Zimbabwe in a bold bid to return to global
competition.[7][22] An unprecedented deal emerged to form a single rugby association that would field integrated teams for
participation in foreign tournaments. Many right-wing white South Africans attacked Craven as a traitor for meeting with the ANC,
and then-president P.W. Botha denounced the move.[21] Although the deal did not lead to the immediate end of the sporting isolation,
it paved the way for the formation of the unified body, the South African Rugby Football Union (SARFU) in 1992. Craven was
.[7]
SARFU's first chairman until he died in 1993, having served for an unbroken 37 years at the head of South African rugby

Personal life
Craven married twice. He wed Beyera Johanna (née Hayward, d. 2007[23] ) on 2 July
1938.[1] She was from the Eastern Cape, a teacher, and daughter of the member of
parliament for Steytlerville, George Hayward.[1][2] Danie and Beyera had four
children: Joan, George Hayward, Daniel, and James Roos Craven.[24] One of his
grandsons is the professional Namibian road cyclist Dan Craven, winner of the 2008
African Road Race Championships in Casablanca, Morocco. Danie and Beyera
divorced in 1972.[25]

Statue of Danie Craven and Bliksem
at Coetzenburg in Stellenbosch
On 30 May 1975 Craven married Martha Jacoba (Merlė) Vermeulen, the widow of
Cape Town detective Dirk Vermeulen. Merlė worked in the fashion industry as a
buyer for a chain of stores, and so had to attend fashion parades. After one such a
parade in Pretoria, she twisted her ankle badly at her hotel. A bystander introduced
her to Craven as "a doctor" who "knew a lot about ankle injuries". After Craven
treated her foot, he telephoned and arranged to meet her again, and their relationship
developed.[12][26]
Craven had a dog named "Bliksem" which accompanied him everywhere, even to
rugby practices. A journalist recalled how "when Doc and Bliksem[27] were on the
[28]
touchline at training, no one within sight would dare shirk".

Legacy
There were "many contradictions and convolutions in Craven's life", wrote Paul Dobson, which made him both admired and
despised:

"His home language was Afrikaans, but he would claim not to be an Afrikaner...a sportsman
and yet he set higher store by academic achievement...accused of trying to hang on to an
exclusively white preserve, and yet he devoted himself to breaking down racial barriers" [29]

Honours
Danie Craven was accepted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame in 1997, the first of 9 South Africans to date.[30] In 2007 he
became the third inductee into the IRB Hall of Fame, only preceded by Rugby School and William Webb Ellis, the alleged instigator
of the game that would develop into rugby union.[2]
The South African Craven Week schools rugby competition is named after him, as well as the Danie Craven Stadium and Danie
Craven Rugby Museum in Stellenbosch. To commemorate him, Stellenbosch University commissioned sculptor Pierre Volschenk to
execute a bronze sculpture of Craven and his faithful dog. The statue stands within the grounds of the Coertzenburg sports complex
in Stellenbosch.[31]

In 1981 Craven received the State President's Award for Exceptional Service, as well as the honorary citizenship of the city of
Stellenbosch.[1] He was made an honorary life president of theFrench Rugby Federationin 1992.[6]

Aphorisms
Craven is often remembered for his quirky and controversial statements. For example, he said "When Maties and Western Province
rugby are strong, then Springbok rugby is strong."

Initially he was unsure that all South Africans could play together, arguing in 1968 that the different race groups were "separate
nations...[who] won't ever play in the same side. But maybe...one day, we would have such a team".[32] Craven denied that he had
ever said that people of colour would be Springboks "over my dead body".[7] His supporters could point to his liking for coloured
rugby enthusiasts, and the efforts that he made over the last few years of his life to run multiracial rugby workshops in rural South
Africa as signs that he had changed his views.[7]

Published works
Apart from his academic dissertations which were referred to above, Craven wrote numerous books as solo and co-author on rugby,
including his autobiography (1949), rugby terms for translators (1972), and how to organize a tennis club (1951). According to The
Independent of London "his coaching manualRugby Handbook (1970) is a standard".[7]

The titles listed below do not comprise an exhaustive list.

~. 1985 & 1986. Ons rugby op die platteland. Parts 1 & 2. Nuweland: SA Rugbyraad.

~. 1980. Die groot rugbygesin van die Maties. Kaapstad: Galvin & Sales.

~, and Tetsunosuke Ōnishi. 1979. Senshu to kōchi no tameno gendai ragubī no gijutsu to senpō.

~.1976. Rugby vir almal. Kaapstad: Tafelberg-uitgewers.

~.1975. Rugby handbook. Wellington, N.Z.: A.H. & A.W. Reed.

~.1974. Patroon vir rugby: 'n praktiese handleiding oor grondbeginsels, vaardighede, spelsette en oefenmetodes. Kaapstad:
Tafelberg.

~.1973. Spel as ondersteunende terapie in die behandeling van gr

oep kroniese gehospitaliseerde psigiatriese pasiënte. S.l: s.n..

~, Chris Cillié, J. H. Jordaan, and H. J. Bothma. 1972. Rugbyterme: Eng.-Afr. 1,827 terme. Johannesburg: Federasie van Afrikaanse
Kultuurvereniginge.

~.1970. Rugby handboek. Kaapstad: Tafelberg.

~.[1960] 1970. Die verhaal van rugby. Johannesburg: Afrikaanse Pers.

~.1965. The seven pillars of rugby. Johannesburg: Swan Press.

~.1964. Springbok annale Springbok annals : internasionale toer

e na en van Suid-Afrika, 1891–1964.Johannesburg: Mimosa.

~.1961. Handleiding van rugby vir skole en klubs.Johannesburg: A.P.B.

~.1961. Springbok annals: international tours to and fr
om South Africa, 1891–1958.Johannesburg: Mimosa.

~.1960. Enjoyment in the playing and training of rugby: Lekker rugby speel en oefen
. [S.l.]: South African Rugby Board.

~.1953. Danie Craven on rugby. Wellington [N.Z.]: Reed.

~.1951. Tennis vir die organiseerder. Stellenbosch: UUB.

~.1954. Springbok story, 1949–1953. Cape Town: R. Beerman.

~.1949. Ek speel vir Suid-Afrika.Kaapstad: Nasionale Pers.

See also
1937 South Africa rugby union tour to Australasia
1951–1952 South Africa rugby union tour
1953 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa and Rhodesia
1956 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand

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External links
"Danie Craven". nzhistory.net.nz. 23 October 2007. Retrieved 25 December 2007.
"Huge IRB honour for Craven". rugbyrugby.com. 7 November 2007. Archived from the original on 9 December 2008.
Retrieved 30 December 2013.
 "Danie Craven". rugbyhalloffame.com. Archived fromthe original on 3 November 2006. Retrieved 25 December
2007.

Sporting positions
Preceded by Springbok Captain Succeeded by
Philip J. Nel 1937–38 Felix du Plessis

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