UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

DISTRIBUTED ROUTING RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL VERSION II

By William M. Alley and Peter E. Smith

Open-File Report 82-344

 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

JAMES G. WATT, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Dallas L. Peck, Director

For further information write to:

Chief Hydrologist
U.S. Geological Survey
410 National Center
Reston, Virginia 22092
 CONTENTS

Page

Abstract. ................................ 1
Introduction. .............................. 1
Acknowledgements. ........ .. ........... 2
Rainfall-excess components ....................... 2
Soil-moisture accounting ...................... 2
Pervious-area rainfall excess. ................... 3
Impervious-area rainfall excess. .................. 5
Parameter optimization ....................... 7
Routing components. ........................... 7
Channel and overland-flow segments ................. 8
The kinematic wave equations. ................. 8
Method of characteristics ................... 11
Finite difference methods ................... 12
Reservoir segments ......................... 15
Nodal segments ........................... 16
Determination of model parameters .................... 16
Drainage area ........................... 16
Soil-moisture accounting and infiltration. ............. 17
Overland-flow segments ....................... 19
Percent impervious area .................... 19
Length of overland flow .................... 21
Overland-flow slope ...................... 21
Roughness coefficient ..................... 22
Laminar flow ....................... 23
Turbulent flow ...................... 25
Channel segments .......................... 26
Channel length ........................ 26
Channel slope ........................ 26
Kinematic wave parameters (ex and m) .............. 26
Circular channel ..................... 27
Triangular channel .................... 29
Overbank flow ...................... 31
Parameter adjustment ................... 31
Selecting a kinematic routing solution method ........... 32
Selecting At and Ax ........................ 33
Segmentation .............................. 35
Model applications ........................... 36
References ............................... 39
A. Data input specifications ................... 41
B. Program debugging and interpretation .............. 62
C. Computer requirements ..................... 64
D. Changes to convert an input data deck from the 1978 version . . 71
E. Example of simplified segmentation .............. 72
F. Definitions of selected variables ............... 76
G. Program listing ........................ 84
H. Sample runs .......................... 161

ill
 FIGURES
Figure Page
1 The relation which determines the effective value of soil-
moisture potential (PS) for use in the infiltration
equation.................................................... 4
2 The relation which determines rainfall excess (OR) as a
function of maximum-infiltration capacity (FR) and supply
rate of rainfall (SR)....................................... 6
3 Discretization of a watershed into overland-flow and channel
segments.................................................... 9
4 Computational box for finite-difference methods................. 14
5 Relation between Q/npULL ancl A/AMAX for circular pipes.......... 28
6 Definition of 2\ and Z2 for triangular and gutter cross
sections.................................................... 30
7 JCL to execute DR3M on Geological Survey computer............... 66
8 Computer program to read header array of semipermanent
data set ................................................... 69
9 Example of simplified segmentation.............................. 73
10 Schematic of Sand Creek tributary basin at Denver, Colorado
showing segmentation for rainfall-runoff model ing........... -[52
TABLES
Table Page
1 Parameters for soil-moisture accounting and infiltration........ 18
2 Resistance parameters for overland flow......................... 25
3 List of soil-moisture and rainfall-excess parameters
in order of input........................................... 50
4 Examples of KS and KE........................................... 59
5 Example subarea and channel characteristics..................... 74
6 Example segment characteristics for card group 16............... 75

METRIC (SI) CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply inch-pound unit By To obtain metric unit
inch 25.4 millimeter
inch per hour 25.4 millimeter per hour
foot (ft) 0.3048 meter
foot per second (ft/s) .3048 meter per second
square foot (ft^) .0929 square meter
acre .4047 hectare
square mile 2.590 square kilometer
cubic foot per second (ft-Vs) .02832 cubic meter per second

IV
 DISTRIBUTED ROUTING RAINFALL-RUNOFF
MODEL VERSION II

By William M. Alley and Peter E. Smith

ABSTRACT
A computer program of a watershed model for routing storm runoff through a
branched system of pipes and (or) natural channels using rainfall as input
is described. The model provides detailed simulation of storm-runoff periods
selected by the user and a daily soil-moisture accounting between storms. A
drainage basin is represented as a set of overland-flow, channel, and reservoir
segments which jointly describe the drainage features of the basin. Kinematic
wave theory is used for routing flows over contributing overland-flow areas
and through the channel network. A set of model segments can be arranged into
a network that will represent many complex drainage basins. The model is
intended primarily for application to urban watersheds, but may have limited
applications to rural watersheds.

INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been developing simulation models of
rainfall-runoff processes since the late 1960's. Dawdy, Lichty, and Bergmann
(1972) reported on the first simulation model from this research; a lumped
parameter rainfall-runoff model for small rural watersheds. Subsequent work
by Dawdy, Schaake, and Alley (1978) produced a Distributed Routing Rainfall-
Runoff Model (DR3M). This model was largely the product of incorporating the
routing component from a version of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
catchment model (Leclerc and Schaake, 1973) into the original USGS model.
The purpose of this user's manual is to document the current version of
DR3M and to update guidelines for use of the model. Major changes to DR3M
since 1978 include:
1. The user can select from three solution techniques for kinematic wave
routing in channels and overland-flow segments. These include the
original explicit finite difference formulation, an implicit finite
difference formulation, and the method of characteristics. A means
of avoiding kinematic shock problems in the method of characteristics
formulation has been developed.
2. The model can be used to create segment flow files for later use
by DR3M-QUAL (Alley and Smith, report in preparation).
3. The model uses disk space for temporary storage of measured storm
rainfall and runoff data. This reduces the core storage requirements
of the model for long-term simulation.
 4. Many changes have been made to the basic output structure of the model
and numerous error messages have been incorporated into the code.
5. Effective impervious area can be included in the parameter optimization
algorithm.
6. The minimum time interval for rainfall data input to the model has
been reduced from 5 minutes to 1 minute.
DR3M operates on two time intervals. The model provides detailed simula-
tion of storm runoff during days for which short-time interval rainfall data
are input to the program. These days are referred to as "unit days", and it
is only during unit days that flow routing is performed. Between unit days
the model uses daily precipitation and daily evaporation data to provide a con-
tinuous daily accounting of soil moisture. Thus, the advantages of continuous
simulation are combined with those of an event type model.
During simulation of a period of storm runoff, the generation of rainfall
excess and flow routing are treated independently. The time series of rainfall
excess is determined first and then, in a second step, it is routed to the
watershed outlet.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The current version of DR3M is the product of over a decade of model develop-
ment both within and outside the U.S. Geological Survey. Numerous individuals
have contributed to its development. In particular, outstanding contributions
have been made by David R. Dawdy, John C. Schaake, Jr., and Robert W. Lichty.
RAINFALL-EXCESS COMPONENTS
The rainfall-excess components include soil-moisture accounting, pervious-
area rainfall excess, impervious-area rainfall excess, and parameter optimiza-
tion. A substantial part of the rainfall-excess components has been adopted
from the model developed by Dawdy, Lichty, and Bergmann (1972).
Soil Moisture Accounting
The soil-moisture-accounting component determines the effect of antecedent
conditions on infiltration. Soil moisture is modeled as a dual storage system,
one representing the antecedent base-moisture storage (BMS)l/ and the other
representing the upper-zone storage caused by infiltration into a saturated
moisture storage (SMS).
During unit days, moisture is added to SMS based on the Green-Ampt infiltra-
tion equation (Green and Ampt, 1911). Between unit days, a specified proportion
of daily rainfall is added to SMS.

I/
Definitions of selected model variables can be found in Attachment F
 Evapotranspiration takes place from SMS when available, otherwise from BMS,
with the rate determined from pan evaporation multiplied by a pan coefficient.
Moisture in SMS drains into BMS during periods of no rainfall at a rate based
on the effective hydraulic conductivity. (Note: This is equivalent to setting
ORN equal to 1.0 in the 1978 version of DR3M.) Storage in BMS has a maximum
value (BMSN) equivalent to the field-capacity moisture storage of the active
soil zone. Zero storage in BMS is assumed to correspond to wilting point
conditions in the active soil zone. When storage in BMS exceeds BMSN, the
excess is spilled to deeper storage. These spills could be the basis for
routing subsurface flow components. However, this option is not included
in the present version of the model.
Pervious-Area Rainfall Excess
Point-potential infiltration (FR) is computed by a variation of the
Green-Ampt equation (Green and Ampt, 1911):
FR = KSAT (1 + PS/SMS) (1)
where KSAT is the hydraulic conductivity of the transmission zone and PS is
defined as:
PS = P (m - m0 ) (2)
where P is average suction head across the wetting front (capillary drive),
m is the moisture content of the soil after wetting, and m0 is the antecedent
soil-moisture content. The Green-Ampt infiltration equation is derived by
direct application of Darcy's Law under the following assumptions:
1. A distinct piston wetting front exists.
2. The suction head at the wetting front is constant regardless of
time and position.
3. Behind the wetting front, the soil is uniformly wet and of constant
conductivity (KSAT).
In a soil column, the capillary potential at the wetting front is not a
constant, but varies according to the soil-moisture condition. Therefore, the
model determines the effective value of PS as varying linearly between a value
at plant wilting and a value at field capacity:
PS = PSP [RGF - (RGF - 1) BMS ] (3)
BMSN
where PSP is the effective value of PS at field capacity and RGF is the ratio
of PS at wilting point to that at field capacity. This relationship is
shown in figure 1.
 CO
Q.

BMSi
O RGF X PSP PS=PSP[RGF-(RGF-1)
LU BMSNJ
ID

LU

u PSP__
LU
Wiltins Field
point capacity
(BMS = 0) (BMS=BMSN)

SOIL-MOISTURE CONTENT

Figure 1. The relation which determines the effective value of

soil-moisture potential (PS) for use in the
infiltration equation.
 Point-potential infiltration (FR) computed by equation 1 is converted
to effective infiltration over the basin using a scheme first presented by
Crawford and Linsley (1966). Letting SR represent the supply rate of rainfall
for infiltraton, and QR represent the rate of generation of rainfall excess, the
equations are:
QR = SRi ; if SR < FR ( 4a )
2FR

QR = SR - £?. ; if SR > FR ( 4b )
2
A schematic of these relations is shown in figure 2. The rainfall excess
rate, OR, is represented by the area in figure 2 between the dashed SR line
and the linear infiltration capacity curve. Equation 4 is a relationship
which eliminates a single-valued threshold for infiltration.
Impervious-Area Rainfall Excess
Two types of impervious surfaces are considered by the model. The first
type, effective impervious surfaces, are those impervious areas that are
directly connected to the channel drainage system. Roofs that drain onto
driveways, streets, and paved parking lots that drain onto streets are
examples of effective impervious surfaces. The second type, noneffective
impervious surfaces, are those impervious areas that drain to pervious areas.
An example of a noneffective impervious area is a roof that drains onto a
lawn.
The only abstraction from rainfall on effective impervious area is
impervious retention. One-third of the rain falling on the effective impervious
area is stored as impervious retention until the impervious-retention-storage
capacity is attained.
Rain falling on noneffective impervious areas is assumed to run off onto
the surrounding pervious area. The model assumes that this occurs instan-
taneously and that the volume of runoff is uniformly distributed over the
pervious area. This volume, expressed as inches over the pervious area, is
added to the rain falling on the pervious areas prior to computation of
pervious-area rainfall excess. This computation is performed in the model by
multiplying rainfall on pervious areas by the model parameter RAT:

RAT = HA2 + DA3 (5)

DA3
where DA2 is the area of the basin covered by noneffective impervious surfaces
and HA3 is the area of the basin covered by pervious surfaces.
 Rainfall excess
(QR)

75 100
PERCENTAGE OF AREA WITH INFILTRATION CAPACITY
EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN INDICATED VALUE

Figure 2. The relation which determines rainfall excess (QR)

as a function of maximum-infiltration capacity (FR)
and supply rate of rainfall (SR).
 Parameter Optimization
An optimization procedure (Rosenbrock, 1960) is included in the model to
aid in calibrating several of the soil-moisture-accounting and rainfall-excess
parameters. Ouring an optimization run, storm-runoff volumes for a series of
storms having measured rainfall and runoff data are simulated by the model. An
objective function which is the sum of the sguared deviations of the logarithms
of simulated and measured storm-runoff volumes is computed:

U - I [ln(Si) - ln(Mi)] 2 (6)

where U is the value of the objective function, N is the number of storms

included in the objective function, S^ is the i^ simulated runoff volume, and
M^ is the i measured runoff volume. One of the parameter magnitudes is then
revised and a second simulation made. If the result is an improvement, the
revised set is accepted; if not, the previous best set of parameter values is
retained. This procedure is repeated for a user-specified number of iterations
Rosenbrock 1 s method of optimization proceeds by stages. During the first
stage, each parameter represents one axis in an orthogonal set of search
directions. Adjustments are made in these search directions until end-of-stage
criteria are satisfied. At the end of each stage, a new set of orthogonal
directions is computed, based on the experience of parameter movement during
the preceeding stage. The major feature of this procedure is that, after the
first stage, one axis is aligned in a direction reflecting the net parameter
movement experienced during the previous stage.
To start the fitting process, the model is assigned an initial set of
parameter values and upper and lower bounds for each parameter. The model
is run and the objective function is calculated and stored in the computer
memory bank as a reference value. A step of user-specified length is then
attempted in the first-search direction. If the resulting value of the
objective function is less than or equal to the reference value, the trial
is registered as a success, and the appropriate step size, e, for each para-
meter is multiplied by 3. If a failure results, the step is not allowed and
e is multiplied by -1/2. An attempt is then made in the next search direction,
and the process continues until the end-of-stage criteria are met. At this
point, a new orthogonal search pattern is detemined, and another stage of
optimization undertaken. The objective function value and associated parameter
values are printed for each successful trial.
ROUTING COMPONENTS
DR3M approximates the complex topography and geometry of a watershed as
a set of segments which jointly describe the drainage features of the basin.
The purpose of this approach is to reduce the rainfal1-excess routing problem
to the hydraulic problem of unsteady flow over uniform planes and channels.
There are four types of segments:
 1. overland-flow segments
?.. channel segments
3. reservoir segments
4. nodal segments
Overland-flow segments receive uniformly distributed lateral inflow from
rainfall excess. They represent a rectangular plane of a given length,
slope, roughness, and percent imperviousness.
Channel segments are used to represent natural or manmade conveyances
such as gutters or storm-sewer pipes. Channel segments may receive upstream
inflow from as many as three other segments, including combinations of other
channel segments, reservoir segments, and nodal segments. They also can
receive lateral inflow from overland-flow segments.
Reservoir segments can be used to describe an on-channel detention
reservoir. Alternately, they can be used to simulate storage of water behind
culverts for which outflows are uniquely described as a single-valued function
of storage behind the culvert.
Nodal segments are used when more than three segments contribute inflow
to the upstream end of a channel or reservoir segment or as input points where
the user may specify an input hydrograph or constant discharge for each storm.
There is wide flexibility to the approach one can take in dividing a basin
into segments for runoff computations. Guidelines for basin segmentation are
presented in a later section of this user's manual.
Channel and Overland-Flow Segments
A schematic illustrating the relationships between channel and overland-
flow segments is shown in figure 3. Kinematic wave theory is applied for
both overland-flow and channel routing.
The Kinematic Wave Equations
Unsteady free-surface flow is governed by the equations of continuity and
momentum, commonly referred to as the Saint-Venant or shallow-water equations.
The continuity equation results from an expression of the principle of conservation
of mass and may be written as
11 + 1A = q (7)
ax at
in which Q is discharge, A is the flow cross-sectional area, q is the lateral
inflow per unit length, and x and t are space and time coordinates. The momentum
equation is an expression of Newton's second law of motion and for a prismatic
channel may be written as
S , s .SL + I M + v a (8)
 EXPLANATION
*- Direction of Flow
0F02 Overland-flow Segment 2
Basin CH06 Channel Segment 6
Outlet
- Overland-Flow Segment
Boundary
" * Channel Segment

(a) PLAN VIEW OF DRAINAGE BASIN

\ 0F02
CH04 ^

| 0F05 0F04 j
*CH05* Inflow to CH01
^ CH°6 Equals Sum of CH01 BASIN
Outflows from OUTFLOW
t 0F06 0F03 | CH04, CH05, HYDROGRAPH
and CH02

0F01

I
CH03 CH02
I
(b) SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATIONS OF MODEL SEGMENTS

Inflow to Segment
Segment
Lateral Inflow Upstream Inflow
0F01 Rainfall Excess
0F02 // //
0F03 // //
0F04 // //
0F05 // //
CHOl CH02, CH04, CH05
CH02 0F01 CH03
CH03 0F01
CH04 ^F02
CH05 0F03,0F04 CH06
CH06 0F05,0F06

(c) SEGMENT INTERRELATIONSHIPS

Figure 3.-Discretization of watershed into overland-flow and channel segment!
9
in which Y is the depth of flow, V is the mean velocity, q is the acceleration
due to gravity, and S 0 and Sf are the bed slope and friction slope, respectively.
Both overland and channel flow are governed by the equations of continuity
and momentum, and mathematically can be treated similarly. Overland flow is
viewed as wide, shallow-channel flow, and analyzed on a unit foot basis with
lateral inflow coming from rainfall excess.
Although the Saint-Venant equations can theoretically be applied to the
problem of routing surface runoff, they are rarely used in watershed models.
Using the complete form of the equations to route runoff from a complex
configuration of channels and planes places too high a demand on computer
resources. In watershed models there are also few situations where the required
boundary conditions are available for solution of the equations. For these
reasons, DR3M makes use of the kinematic wave approximation of the momentum
equation to achieve simpler and faster solutions.
The underlyinq assumption of the kinematic wave approximation is that the
water surface slope and acceleration terms of equation 8 are negligible in
comparison with those of the bed slope and friction. This reduces the momentum
equation to the form
Sf « S 0 (9)
where all partial derivatives of equation 8 are neglected. By defining the
friction slope with an appropriate flow resistance relationship (such as the
Manning formula for turbulent flow), eguation 9 can be represented by a general
power relationship of the form
Q = oAm (10)
where a and m are constants that are determined from the geometry, slope, and
roughness of an overland flow plane or channel.
Equations 7 and 10 are the form of the kinematic wave equations solved in
the model. Because of the assumptions used in their derivation, they have
properties that are different from those of the more complete St. Venant
equations. It has been shown (Henderson, 1966), that the terms eliminated from
the momentum equation in the kinematic model are responsible for introducing
wave dispersion into solutions of the St. Venant equations. By neglecting
these terms, the kinematic equations do not describe wave dispersion. The
effect of this is most obvious in a hydrograph routed with no lateral inflow,
where the presence of dispersion would result in attenuation of the wave. For
this case, the kinematic equations do not describe attenuation. They describe
only translation of the hydrograph and a deforming of the hydrograph shape
that appears as a steepening of the rising limb and a flattening of the falling
limb. The hydrograph does not lengthen (disperse) as it moves downstream. A
note of explanation is necessary, however. These properties are those exhibited
by analytical solutions of the kinematic equations. Numerical solutions of the
equations may well exhibit numerical dispersion, due to unavoidable truncation
errors. This dispersion is not present in the equations themselves, but is
created when a numerical solution fails to converge to the true solution of the
equations.
10
 Several investigators have made use of the numerical dispersion in numerical
solutions of the kinematic equations by controlling it to approximate physical
dispersion. The control of dispersion is done by the "weighting" of derivatives
in a finite difference method. This approach is available as an option in DR3M.
DR3M has three methods available for solution of equations 7 and 10: a
method of characteristics and implicit and explicit finite-difference methods.
The user has the option to select a particular solution method for each model
segment. In the following sections the methods are described, and in a subsequent
section some suggestions are given on selecting a solution method.
Method of Characteristics
Combining equations 10 and 7 yields the following:
3A . canA"1' 1 8A = (11)
at 3x q
This hyperbolic partial differential equation, sometimes called the kinematic
wave equation, can be solved by the method of characteristics. The solution
provides values of A that can be converted to discharge using equation 10.
Equation 11 can be represented by the following characteristic equations
(Eagleson, 1970):
£dt =
dA =q (13)
dt
Integration of equations 12 and 13 can be done explicitly if the lateral inflow,
q, is assumed to be uniform in time and space. Since, for a model segment in
DR3M, q is constant in space and piecewise constant in time, this assumption can
be met by integrating over time steps where q remains constant. The result after
integrating between two points on a characteristic path, (x,t) and (x+Ax,t+At),
has been given by Harley and others (1970), and can be expressed as:

Ax = - [(qAt + A(x,t)) m - A(x,t) m ] (14)

q
A(x+Ax,t+At) = A(x,t) + qAt (15)

for q * 0, and
Ax = oroA(x,t) m- 1 At (16)
A(x+Ax,t+At) = A(x,t) (17)
for q = 0.

11
 Equations 14 to 17 are those used in the model. Equations 14 and 16 are
used to follow characteristic paths in the x-t plane. The flow area is determined
at points along the characteristic paths by equations 15 and 17.
The method of characteristics gives an essentially analytical solution to
the kinematic wave equation. It deviates from a truly analytical solution only
because interpolations are necessary to compute segment outflows at each time
step. The advantage of an analytical solution is that it satisfies exactly the
governing differential equation. It is free from problems with numerical error
and stability that are present in numerical solutions by finite difference or
finite element methods.
Despite its inherent attractiveness, the method of characteristics has not
been widely used in watershed models because it suffers from the computational
problem of kinematic shock. Kinematic shock is a term used to describe shock
waves in kinematic flow that form at the intersections of characteristics in
the x-t plane. Where two characteristics meet, two flow areas are defined that
describe a vertical wave resembling a hydraulic bore. These shock waves result
from the kinematic assumptions and accordingly have no physical significance.
They must, however, be dealt with properly in the solution procedure.
In DR3M kinematic shocks will only form in channel segments with upstream
inflow. When conditions are favorable for shock formation, no attempt is made
to identify the origin or path of the shock wave. If characteristics are far
enough apart (because of the size of the time step) to prevent intersections
before reaching the downstream boundary, then nothing is done. If two
characteristics do cross, the two flow areas defined, one on each characteristic,
are averaged at the end of the time step during which the crossing occurred.
One new characteristic is traced forward from the averaged point, and the two
that crossed are dropped out. The effect in either case is a smoothed appearance
in the outflow hydrograph in the vicinity of the shock.
Finite-Difference Methods
A second option is available in DR3M for solving equations 7 and 10 by
an implicit finite-difference method. The method is a four-point formulation
that requires an iterative procedure to solve for the unknown flow area. The
explicit finite-difference method that was contained in the 1978 release of
the model is used to obtain the initial estimate of the unknown flow area for
the implicit method. The user has the option of using the explicit method by
itself with no iterations, if it is desirable to save computer time and if the
accuracy is acceptable. This provides the third flow routing option in the
model.
Unlike the method of characteristics, applying the finite-difference methods
requires that each model segment be subdivided into distance intervals. A distance
interval, Ax, and a time interval (time step), At, form the computational
box for the finite-difference methods. The value of Ax varies from segment
to segment, but the value of At is constant for all segments.

12
 Four points of a computational box are represented in fiqure 4. The
purpose of a finite-difference method is to solve for A and Q at point d, given
values of A and 0 at points a, b, and c.
In the implicit method the continuity equation is represented by a
finite-difference equation using quantities at all four corners of the box and
a weighting factor for the space derivative. The equation can be written as
W(Qd-Qc) + U-W)(Qb-Qa) (A<j-Ab ) + (Ac -Aa )
+ = q
Ax 2 At

where W is the weighting factor that is assigned by the user to a value between
0.5 and 1.0.
Equation 18 has two unknowns, Qd and Ad, but they are related by equation
10. By substitutinq Q^ = a A into equation 18, the resulting equation is
nonlinear with one unknown, Ad, and can be rearranged into the following form
c oAd + C!Ad + C 2 = 0
where
C0 = a
Ci = Ax/2WAt
c 2 -. CI [(AC - Aa ) - Ab] + Ui (Qb - Qa ) -Qc
The solution of the above nonlinear equation for Ad is obtained by an
iterative procedure using Newton's second order method for finding the roots
of an equation. The procedure converges rapidly to a correct solution if a
qood first estimate is made for the unknown area. To speed convergence, DR3M
obtains the first estimate using a modification of the explicit method presented
by Leclerc and Schaake (1973).
The explicit method requires the use of two finite-difference equations.
The selection of the appropriate equation to use within each computational box
depends on a stability parameter, 0, defined by:

0 = [(qAt + A,) m - Ajl

qAx L a aj

for q * 0, and
m , At Qa At
0 = omA ' 1 = m
a Ax Aa Ax

for q = 0. The stability parameter is an expression for the path of the

characteristic curve oriqinatinq from point a; it is obtained from equation 14
or 16 and defines whether the characteristic passes above or below the diagonal
connecting points a and d in the computational box.

13
 t I

t+A t -- \
At

t --
AX

X-A X

Figure 4. Computational box for finite-difference methods,

14
 If 0 is greater than or equal to unity, finite differences are written
using grid points a, c, and d. The continuity equation is represented as
AC - Aa Qd - PC
3T~ ~ q
and can be solved for Qd
Ax
Qd = Qc + qAx - - (Ac - Aa ) (19)
At

Once Qd is known, Ad can be determined by

Ad = (Qd /a) 1/m (20)
If 0 is less than unity, finite differences are written using grid points
a, b, and d. The continuity equation is represented as
Ad - Ab Qb - Qa
+ =
At Ax

and can be solved for Ad

At
Ad = A b + qAt + _ (Q a - Q b )
Ax

Qd is determined by
Od = oAm (22)
Reservoir Segments
Provision is made in the model for reservoir routing based on the con-
tinuity equation. Either of two routing methods can be used. One method is
linear-storage routing:
S = KO (23)
where S is the reservoir storage, 0 is outflow from the reservoir, and K is a
constant.
Alternately, the modified-Puls routing method (Soil Conservation Service,
1972) can be used:
2So 2S,
At£ + Oo£ = ITL + Io* + Ati - Oii (24

15
where I is the inflow to the reservoir and the subscripts 1 and 2 refer to
the beginning and end of the time interval (At), respectively. The modified-
Puls method utilizes a table of storage and outflow values as supplied by the
model user. From these values the model constructs a table of (2S. + 0) versus
At
outflow (0). Entering this table with the value of the right-hand side of
equation 24, outflow (03) at the end of a routing period (At) is determined.
An assumption of the above procedure is that the water surface in the
reservoir is level and responds instantaneously to inflows. All reservoirs are
assumed to be empty or at the permanent pool capacity at the start of a storm
unless the storm immediately follows a previous storm. Direct rainfall on the
storage surface, evaporation, bank storage, and leakage are not accounted for
by the model.
Reservoir segments can be used to simulate detention reservoirs and
ponding behind culverts of limited capacity and for which outflows are uniquely
described as a single-valued function of storage.
Nodal Segments
Three types of nodal segments are used by the model. The first type is
a junction segment. Junction segments are used when more than three segments
contribute inflow to the upstream end of a segment. A second type of nodal
segment is an input-hydrograph point where the user may specify an input
hydroqraph for each storm. Only one input hydrograph point in the basin is
permitted. A third type of nodal segment is an input discharge point where
the user may specify a constant discharge for each storm to be added to the
flow. Nodal segments (all three types) do not have a routing component;
therefore, the output from the segment is equivalent to the sum of the inputs.
DETERMINATION OF MODEL PARAMETERS
Model parameters used by DR3M include the total drainage area of the
watershed, the soil-moisture-accounting and infiltration parameters, and the
segment characteristics. Guidelines for determining these parameters are
described in the following sections. The approaches described are not meant
to provide hard and fast rules, but rather to serve as a guide. Different
study objectives and constraints will require deviations from this guide.
Drainage Area
Determination of the drainage area of an urban watershed may appear
trivial--simply outline the basin boundary on a topographic map and determine
the drainage area with a planimeter. However, considerable errors might
result from using such a technique. Major complications include the effects
of street and storm-sewer systems, irrigation ditches, and the resolution
capability of maps. The recommended approach to determining drainage area is
to use topographic maps, available storm-sewer maps and appropriate field
verification. Field verification during rainfall or snowmelt is sometimes
necessary to resolve questions about the location of drainage divides. Some
field verification may also be necessary to assure that storm-sewer maps and
other information obtained for the basin are "as built."

16
 Soil-Moisture-Accounting and Infiltration
The six soil-moisture-accounting and infiltration parameters are listed
in table 1. For many small basin applications a single set of these parameters
may be sufficient to represent the pervious part of the basin. However, two
different soil types can be handled by the model with separate soil-moisture
accounting and infiltration parameters for each soil type.
As earlier described, DR3M includes an optimization procedure which can
be used to fit the values of the soil-moisture-accounting and infiltration
parameters. The Rosenbrock technique is most effective if the value of the
objective function is sensitive to changes in the values of the model parameters,
if parameter interactions are small, and if initial estimates of model parameters
are within reasonable constraints.
DR3M has several options with respect to the Rosenbrock optimization.
One of these is that the user can select any subset of the total set of
storms to be included in the objective function. For example, outliers can
be removed from the objective function. Since the optimization procedure
develops a nonlinear least-squares solution, outliers can significantly affect
the values of the fitted parameters. The user also can restrict storms
included in the objective function to those with significant pervious-area
contributions to storm runoff. In fact, if runoff volumes are predominantly
a result of impervious-area runoff, little can be gained by optimizing the
soil-moisture-accounting and infiltration parameters.
A second option in the model is to select which of the soil-moisture-
accounting and infiltration parameters are to be fitted using the Rosenbrock
algorithm. Although as many as 12 soil-moisture accounting and infiltration
parameters (six for each of two soil types) can be included in the optimization,
this is not a recommended procedure. Generally, only parameters for one soil
type should be optimized. Usually, only three or four of the soil-moisture-
accounting and infiltration parameters need be fitted.
The model parameters EVC and RR are highly interactive. Fairly reliable
estimates of these two parameters usually can be made and they can often be
left out of the optimization. The parameters PSP and KSAT are also very
interactive. Only one of the two should be included in the optimization.
However, several optimization runs might be made with different estimates of
the parameter left out of the optimization.
It is impossible to give precise estimates of soil-moisture-accounting
and infiltration parameters that will apply to all soils encountered. Some
general guidelines are presented in the following paragraphs. All estimates
presented should be used with caution and may require revision for local
conditions.
PSP
Values for PSP for most soils will lie within the range of 0.5 to 8.0
inches. Model estimates of infiltration are sensitive to this parameter.
Generally, PSP will be larger for soils that are less permeable.

17
 Table 1. Parameters for soil-moisture accounting and infiltration

Soil-Moisture Accounting

Parameters:
EVC--A pan coefficient for converting measured pan evaporation to
potential evapotranspiration
RR--The proportion of daily rainfall that infiltrates into the soil
for the period of simulation excluding unit days
BMSN--Available soil water at field capacity, in inches

Infiltration

Parameters:
KSAT The effective saturated value of hydraulic conductivity, in
inches per hour
RGF--Ratio of suction at the wetting front for soil moisture at
wilting point to that at field capacity
PSP--Suction at wetting front for soil moisture at field capacity,
in inches

18
 KSAT

Values of KSAT for soil types generally encountered will be on the order
of a few tenths of an inch per hour. The U.S. Soil Conservation Service has
classified most soils into Hydrologic Soil Groups A, B, C, and D. Typical
values of KSAT in inches per hour for each of these four groups are: 0.5
to 1.2 for soil group A, 0.2 to 0.5 for soil group B, 0.1 to 0.3 for soil
group C, and 0.05 to 0.2 for soil group D.

RGF

The relationship of RGF to soil properties is not well established.

Values of RGF typically range from 5 to 20, with 10 being a reasonable initial
estimate. As the value of RGF increases, the sensitivity of the model's
infiltration estimates to antecedent soil moisture conditions also increases.

BMSN

Values for BMSN will generally range between 2.0 and 6.0 inches,
depending on the development of the soil to the depth of the root zone.

EVC

EVC may be estimated as 0.7, if it is an adjustment of pan evaporation

to potential evapotranspiration based on a nearby, reliable pan. EVC may
differ from 0.7, if the pan evaporation data are collected from far outside
the basin or from an unreliable pan. In that case, EVC may include an
adjustment to make the pan evaporation data representative for the basin.

RR

RR is an estimate of the proportion of daily rainfall which infiltrates

into pervious surfaces for the period of simulation excluding unit days.
Typical values for RR range from 0.7 to 0.95.

Overland-Flow Segments

Characteristics required for each overland-flow segment include percent

impervious area, length of overland flow, overland-flow slope, and a roughness
coefficient.

Percent Impervious Area

Simulated runoff volumes and peak flows from urban areas are usually very
sensitive to the percent impervious area. Several approaches have been used
to determine effective impervious area.

One approach is to relate effective impervious area to the minimum ratio

of runoff/rainfall measured for small storms. The rationale for this approach
is that for basins with highly permeable soils, runoff from small storms comes
almost entirely from the effective impervious area in the watershed. Limitations
of this approach are the large scatter often observed in runoff/rainfall plots,
the requirement for rainfall-runoff data from the watershed, the methodology

19
may not apply to basins with soils of moderate to low permeability, and the
sensitivity of the method to errors in rainfall and flow measurements.
An alternate approach used in Denver rainfal1-runoff studies (Alley and
Veenhuis, 1979) was as follows. The lengths and widths of all streets in
each overland-flow segment were measured from aerial photos and the total
area of streets for each overland-flow segment was determined. All roofs,
parking lots, and other impervious areas which could not be identified as
either effective or noneffective were then field inspected and all of these
areas which were effectively impervious were colored in red on the aerial
photo. If only part of a roof or other impervious area was effective, then
only that part was colored. The areas of several representative roofs in each
overland-flow segment were then measured from the aerial photographs and the
average of these areas multiplied by the number of effective impervious roofs
for each overland-flow segment. A similar approach was used for driveways.
Finally, the area of remaining effective impervious areas, such as parking
lots, was planimetered. The combined field and office work required for this
approach was approximately 4-person days per square mile of basin for a highly-
developed watershed.
Other approaches might include a random sampling of roofs or a grid
overlay approach. Important requirements appear to be a large-scale aerial
photo to delineate impervious areas and some field inspection to differentiate
effective and noneffective impervious areas.
Any approach used to determine effective impervious area is inherently
subjective. For example, it is often difficult to determine which part of
a house roof is effective impervious area, particularly for houses with a
downspout close, but not connected, to a driveway. Streets without curb and
gutter can also present a problem. For this reason, effective impervious
area can be included in the Rosenbrock optimization through use of the model
parameter EAC. EAC is a factor by which the initial value of effective
impervious area is multiplied. The starting value of EAC should be 1.0.
The model assumes that any adjustment to effective impervious area using
EAC is offset by an adjustment in the noneffective impervious area in
order to maintain the total drainage area at its initial value. If EAC
exceeds 1.0 and insufficient noneffective impervious area exists to compensate
for the increased effective impervious area, then an appropriate amount of
pervious area is converted to effective impervious area to maintain a constant
total drainage area. During optimization, the value of EAC should not exceed
the ratio of the total drainage area to the initial estimate of the effective
impervious area.
If pervious-area runoff is a significant part of the total runoff then
simulated runoff volumes will be sensitive to estimates of both EAC and the
infiltration parameters. It may be difficult to separate the effects of these
parameters. For this reason it is recommended to optimize EAC using small
storms for which runoff is largely from the effective impervious area of the
watershed and to calibrate the infiltration parameters using the larger storms,

20
 Length of Overland Flow
For the simple case of a single "homogeneous" overland-flow segment
draining into a single channel segment, the length of overland flow (L0 ) in
ft, can be computed as:
L = (25)

where AQ is the area in ft^ of the overland-flow segment and !_c the length
in ft of the channel into which it contributes lateral inflow. The area of
each overland-flow segment is not an input requirement of the model. DR3M
computes a basin drainage area based on the length of channels and their
adjacent overland-flow lengths. For this reason, the same overland-flow
segment can be used at different places throughout the watershed. The model
routes the flow through a given overland-flow segment only once and uses the
outflow in ft^/s per ft of channel length as lateral inflow to all appropriate
channel segments. For multiple use of an overland-flow segment, A0 in equation
25 would be the total area of the sub-basins comprised by the overland-flow
segment and Lc in equation 25 would be:

Lc = I (Lj-Nj) (26)

where n is the number of channels having lateral inflow from the overland-flow
segment of interest, L-j is the length of channel segment i having lateral
inflow from the overland-flow segment, and N-j is the number of sides (1 or 2)
of channel segment i that the overland-flow segment drains to. A detailed
example of the multiple use of overland-flow segments is given in Attachment E.
Only one roughness coefficient can be specified for an overland-flow
segment, yet pervious and impervious surfaces can have very different rough-
ness coefficients. This factor can be taken into account by replacing a single
overland-flow segment with two overland-flow segments one representing pervious-
area runoff and the other representing impervious-area runoff. An example of
how to establish pervious and impervious segments is included in Attachment E.
Often the pervious areas of a segment will be lawns where the distance of
flow over pervious areas is short before the runoff contributes to a street
or gutter. Therefore, a single roughness coefficient representative of the
impervious surfaces may be sufficient in many instances. If segment flow
files generated by DR3M are to be used by DR3M-QUAL for distributed runoff-
quality simulation and the pervious area of a given segment is considered a
significant source of water-quality constituent loads, then the overland-flow
segment should be divided into pervious and impervious segments.
Overland-Flow Slope
A large-scale, small contour interval, topographic map can be very useful
for determining overland-flow slopes. However, if not available, the expense
of contracting services for such a map generally is not warranted. Overland-
flow slopes can be estimated from U.S. Geological Survey 7 1/2-minute topographic

21
maps. One method would be to determine a weighted average slope from representa-
tive cross sections of the overland-flow segment using the following equation:

Slope = 111____ (27)

n
I L,

where
Si = the slope of the ith cross section,
Li = the length of the ith cross-sectional line, and
n = the number of sampling lines.
An alternate would be to use the following equation described by Wisler and
Brater (1959):
DC]
Slope =-J- <f 28
OQ\
)

where
H = contour interval, in ft,
Cj_ = total length of contours for segment, in ft, and
A = area of segment, in ft2 .

Roughness Coefficient
For each overland-flow segment a roughness coefficient must be input to
the model. The model uses the roughness coefficient and overland-flow slope
to determine the routing parameters, a and m, in equation 10. Because overland
flows can be either laminar or turbulent, it is necessary to develop separate
expressions for a and m for the two types of flow.
The classification of flow as laminar or turbulent is based on the flow
Reynolds number (N r ), which for channel and overland flow can be expressed as

VR

in which V is the velocity of flow in ft/s; R is the hydraulic radius in ft,

defined as flow area divided by wetted perimeter; and v is the kinematic
viscosity of water in ft^/s. For overland flows, where the flow rate is
expressed on a unit foot basis (q in ft^/s per ft), a more convenient expression
for the Reynolds number is

22
 Nr = 3 (29)

It is often assumed that the transitional ranqe of N r occurs between 500

and 2,000; the flow is laminar for N r below 500 and turbulent for N r above
2,000. These numbers are only approximate and must be used with caution.
DR3M requires the user to specify each overland-flow segment as either
laminar or turbulent. The type of flow specified is assumed to occur throughout
all runoff events. This assumption may be incorrect at times. Flow over natural
land surfaces often begins as laminar at shallow depths and becomes turbulent
as depth increases. For these situations the dominant flow type should be
assigned to the segment.
The flow type for a segment can best be estimated by examining the range
of Reynolds numbers during runoff. Equation 29 can be used to compute Reynolds
number. The required values for runoff, q, can be determined from a preliminary
model run where the flow type for each overland-flow segment is assigned
arbitrarily. In general, unless laminar flow is known to exist, flow in the
segment may be assumed turbulent.
Laminar Flow
In determining a and m for laminar overland flow the Darcy-Weisbach formula
is used. The formula, as originally developed primarily for flow in pipes is
L V2
hf = f -
D 2g

where hf is the friction loss in ft for flow in the pipe, f is the friction
factor, L is the length of the pipe in ft, D is the diameter of the pipe in ft,
V is the velocity of flow in ft/s, and g is the acceleration due to gravity in
ft/s 2 .
Since D = 4R and the friction slope Sf = hf/L, the above equation can be
rewritten as
hf f y2
Sf = - = (30)
L 8gR

This form of the formula may be applied to overland (or channel) flow.
For laminar flow over a smooth surface the theoretical relationship between
the friction factor and the Reynolds number is given by

24
N!

23
 For laminar flow over rough surfaces a similar expression has been verified
by experiment:

K
f = - (31)
Nr

where K is a constant that is greater than or equal to 24.

Substitution of equation 31 into equation 30 gives

S = K V?
f ~ N r 8gR

which after letting N r = q/v, R = A, and V = q/A can be solved for q to give
8gS f A3
Q = - (32)
Kv

From equation 32 the expressions for a and m can be written directly after
setting Sf = S0
BgSn
(33)

m = 3.0 (34)

Equations 33 and 34 are contained in DR3M. They are used to define a and m
for each laminar overland-flow segment. The values for kinematic viscosity, v,
and gravity, g, are set in the model to n.0000141 ft 2 /s (water at 50°F) and
32.2 ft/s , respectively. The values for overland-flow slope, SQ , and the
roughness coefficient, K, must be supplied by the user.
The three most significant variables upon which the value of K depend are
the surface roughness, the rainfall intensity, and the surface slope. There
is a lack of quantitative evidence defining the effect of slope on K, and for
this reason it is usually neglected. Chen (1976) has investigated the relation-
ship between the two using laboratory data, and suggests the effect of slope
on K is small for smooth surfaces, but can become large for grass surfaces where
the roughness is very high. He found K increased with slope in most cases.
If slope is neglected, K can be expressed by a formula of the form
K = K Q + al b (35)
where K0 is the parameter without the effect of rainfall; I is the rainfall
intensity in inches per hour; and a and b are empirical coefficients. Equation
35 is not contained in the model, but is very useful for estimating K.

24
 Values for the empirical rainfall coefficients, a and b, have been
experimentally determined by several investigators. Fawkes (1972) gave the
values a = 10.0 and b = 1.0, which should be adequate for modeling purposes.
These values apply only to laminar flows. Rainfall intensity has a negligible
effect on K for turbulent flows.
Values for the parameter K0 suggested by Woolhiser (1975) for various
surfaces are given in table 2 under the heading laminar flow. These numbers
are very approximate and should be considered as such.

Table 2.--Resistance parameters for overland flow.

(After Woolhiser, 1975)

Lami nar flow Turbulent flow

Surface KO Manning 1 s n

Concrete or asphalt 24 108 0.01 - 0.013

Bare sand 30 120 .01 - .016

Graveled surface 90 400 .012 - .03

Bare clay-loam soil 100 500 .012 - .033

(eroded)

Sparse vegetation 1,000 - 4,000 .053 - .13

Short grass prairie 3,000 - 10,000 .10 - .20

Bluegrass sod 7,000 - 40,000 .17 - .48

Turbulent Flow
For turbulent overland flow the Manning formula is used in determining a
and m. The Manning formula is
1.49 A R 2 / 3 S I/ 2
0 = f (36)
n

25
where n is the Manninq's roughness coefficient and all other variables are as
previously defined. By substituting Sf = S 0 and R = A, the flow per unit foot
over a plane can be given by
1.49 S 1/2
q =

From this expression a and m can be written directly as

1.49 S 1/2
a= (37)

m = 1.67 (38)

Equations 37 and 38 are the expressions in the model used to define a and m
for turbulent flow, and are analogous to equations 33 and 34 for laminar flow.
In a manner similar to estimating the laminar flow K, it is necessary to estimate
the Manning's n. Table 2 provides guidance for selecting values for Manning's n.
These values are typically higher than those used for open-channel flows; this,
however, should be expected. The very shallow flows that occur on land surfaces
have depths that are usually on the same order of magnitude as the surface
roughness height and, as a consequence, resistance to flow is very high.
Channel Segments
Segment characteristics required for each channel segment include the
kinematic wave parameters (a and m), channel length, and channel slope.
Channel Length
Channel length is a relatively easy parameter to measure from topographic
maps, storm-sewer maps, or aerial photos. Lengths of storm sewers are often
marked on storm-sewer maps.
Channel Slope
Channel slope is often measured as the difference in elevation at points
10 percent and 85 percent of the distance along the channel, measured from
the downstream end of the channel, divided by the distance between the two
points. Slopes of storm sewers are often marked on storm-sewer maps.
Kinematic Wave Parameters (a and m)
In the section on roughness coefficients, expressions for the routing
parameters, a and m, were developed for overland flows. Similar expressions
are used for channel flows.
 For a channel of arbitrary cross-section, it is possible to write general
expressions for a and m using the Manning formula (equation 36). These are:
1.49 S 1/2

m = (5-2t>i)/3 (40)
Equations 39 and 40 are obtained by first replacing the hydraulic radius in the
Manning formula by the definition
A
R = -
P

where P is wetted perimeter. The wetted perimeter is then replaced by a power

function of flow area

P = a^ 1 (41)
where a\ and b^ are constants. Letting Sf = S0 , the resulting expression of
the Manning formula can be arranged into the form of equation 10 and a and m
identified.
Equations 39 and 40 are very useful for computing a and m when these are to
be specified explicitly for a channel segment (see ITYPE=4 on card group 16).
Before equations 39 and 40 can be used, cross-section geometry will be required
to determine aj and b^ in equation 41.
Because many of the channels in an urban environment are of circular or
triangular cross-section, special formulas for a and m are included in DR3M for
these shapes.
Circular Channel
For a circular channel (pipe segment) a convenient way to express equation
10 is to assume the relationship is linear. The result is
Q = a A (42)
where the exponent m has been set equal to one. Equation 42 defines a channel
where the average velocity remains constant for any discharge. The approximation
made by this assumption is shown graphically in figure 5. For most practical
situations this approximation is satisfactory.
The expression for a is determined by setting equation 42 equal to the
Manning formula at full-pipe flow. This gives
1.49 2/3 1/2
Af R f S0 = a Af
n

27
 1.0

.9

.8 ACTUAL RELATION

.7
APPROXIMATION
USED IN MODEL
.6
o
o
.5

.4

.3

.2

.1

0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
A/AM AX

Figure 5. Relation between Q/QFULL and A/AMAX for circular pipes

28
where the subscript f stands for full-pipe flow. Solving for a yields

1.49 Rf/0 S 0 1/2

a =

Substituting Rf = D/4, where D equals the pipe diameter, gives the final form
of the expression for a

1.49 /nV/3
a= - o (43)
n \4/

To determine a, the pipe slope, diameter, and roughness coefficient need to be

input to the model .
The capacity of circular-pipe segments is limited to nonpressurized-flow
capacity. If that capacity is exceeded during a storm, provision is made to
store the water arriving at the upstream end of the segment in excess of the
segment capacity. The volume stored increases without upper limit as long as
the upstream inflow exceeds segment capacity. After the upstream inflow drops
below segment capacity, the volume stored is released to the segment. The
upstream inflow to the segment remains at the maximum capacity until the
water stored at the upper end of that segment has been released. A warning is
given by the model that surcharging is occurring, whenever this problem arises.
The user should be aware that, when the warning occurs, the model may not be
giving correct results. In the real world, a sewer may flow under pressure,
thus having more capacity than predicted by full pipe flow calculations. It
is also possible that shortly after a sewer is flowing full, additional inflow
to the sewer may be transferred to streets parallel to the sewer system rather
than being stored behind the sewer as the model assumes. The user must always
establish that there is a physical place to store water whenever surcharging
occurs. A modified-Puls reservoir segment, described in the next section,
can be used to simulate culverts which detain water due to limited capacity
and for which outflows are uniquely described as a single-valued function of
storage behind the culvert. More complex situations may call for revision of
the model .
Triangular Channel
For a triangular channel, the following expression can be used to replace
the hydraulic radius in the Manning formula.

(zf + 1)V2 + {2 2 + 1} l/2

Ai/2
where zi and 22 are the ratios of horizontal to vertical change in side slope
(fig. 6). The resultant expressions for a and m are

29
 \

TRIANGULAR CROSS SECTION

GUTTER CROSS SECTION

Figure 6. Definition of z. and z~ for triangular and gutter cross sections

30
 U / J. c. 1 / * « \
a = . . I (44)
I) 1 / 2 + (z2 + I) 1 / 2

m = 1.33 (45)
A triangular cross-section is useful to approximate the shape of drainage
swales. To determine a, the channel side slopes, bed slope, and roughness
coefficient need to be input to the model.
For the special case of gutter flow, 22 in equation 44 can be set equal
to zero and the following expression for a is obtained.

Overbank Flow
The preceding discussion has assumed that the values of a and m are constant
for all discharges. In the case of discharge exceeding the main channel capacity
and flowing as overbank flow, this is not usually a valid assumption. For this
reason an option exists in the model to specify two sets of a and m; one for
discharges smaller than the main channel capacity and one for discharges greater
than the main channel capacity. The discharge at channel capacity is referred
to as the "breakpoint" discharge. This option is only available for the finite-
difference routing methods and for channels in which a and m are explicitly
input to the model .
Parameter Adjustment
Calibration of the model parameters that affect simulated runoff volumes
was discussed in an earlier section of this manual. Because runoff volumes are
inexpensive to simulate, a modified-Rosenbrock direct-search technique has been
incorporated into the model. This technique requires multiple simulations of
the model in order to identify best-fit parameter values.
Generally, the runoff routing part of the model is considerably more
expensive than the rainfall excess part. It would be expensive to adjust the
routing parameters using an automatic method such as the Rosenbrock scheme.
For this reason the routing part of DR3M is calibrated manually. Because
the routing parameters are largely lumped together in a and m, it is recommended
that adjustments in these parameters form the basis of the routing calibration.
The parameter, a, contains the effects of roughness, bed slope, and cross-
sectional geometry; whereas, the parameter, m, is a function of cross-sectional
geometry. Of the two parameters, it is recommended that adjustments in a be
used to calibrate the model. For this reason all values of a in the model
are multiplied by the parameter ALPADJ. If ALPADJ is greater than 1.0, then
water will be routed through each segment at a faster rate. On the other hand,
if ALPADJ is less than 1.0, then water will be routed through each segment at a
slower rate. Thus, watershed response time will be quicker and peak flows

31
should be greater for larger values of ALPADJ. It should be noted that because
of combinatorial effects of flows from different segments, it is possible for
peak flows to decrease for some storms as ALPADJ is increased.
Thus, the calibration approach is to set ALPADJ to 1.0 initially and to
adjust its value as necessary to reproduce similar timing and peaks of simulated
and measured hydrographs. It is generally recommended that values of ALPADJ be
greater than 0.7 and less than 1.5. These limits correspond to a 25 percent
error in both slope and roughness coefficients.
Generally during calibration, a model user will focus attention on the
accuracy of simulation of individual runoff periods. However, the user should
also be sure that the slope of a regression of simulated versus measured peak
flows (as well as runoff volumes) is close to 1.0. Experience with DR3M
has indicated that a best-fit line through a plot of simulated (vertical axis)
versus measured (horizontal axis) runoff peaks is more likely to have a slope
greater than 1.0 than less than 1.0. This may be due in part to bias in the
measured rainfall but can also be the result of the model not accounting for
storm sewers flowing full, overbank flow, storage behind culverts, and (or) the
nonattenuation characteristics of the kinematic wave equation. With the exception
of storm sewers flowing full, these problems can often be resolved. In order
to account for overbank flow, a channel segment can have two sets of a and m,
one for the in-channel flow and one for overbank-flow conditions. This has
been described in the previous section. In order to account for storage behind
culverts, a modified-Puls relationship can often be developed for the culvert
and input to the model. Finally, the nonattenuation characteristics of the
kinematic wave equation can be accounted for by use of the implicit-finite
difference scheme and appropriate choice of the weighting factor.
Selecting a Kinematic Routing Solution Method
Each of the three kinematic routing solution methods in DR3M is useful
for different purposes. Providing the option to select any of the three is an
attempt to make a routing component that is suitable for a range of applications.
In some cases, the selection of a particular method may be based on personal
preference.
The method of characteristics gives an essentially analytical solution to
the kinematic wave equations. It does not suffer from problems with numerical
dispersion that are present in finite difference methods. It is best suited
for those situations where the assumptions of the kinematic approximation are
valid. Namely, when there is no significant wave dispersion or attenuation.
This will often be the case for small watersheds where routing lengths are
short. It is very difficult to define what is a "small watershed" for routing
purposes, but it is probably on the order of, at most, several square miles
or less. A disadvantage of the method of characteristics is that one cannot
vary a and m parameters for overbank-flow conditions.
The implicit finite difference method is presented for use when it is
necessary to account for wave dispersion in routing. This may be the
case when modeling larger watersheds (greater than several square miles).
Wave dispersion, or what might also be called wave damping, is introduced

32
numerically into the method by use of the weighting factor, W, applied to the
space derivative in the finite difference equation. Theoretically, this
weighting factor can take on a value between 0 and 1. However, for values of
W less than or equal to 0.5 the finite difference method can be unstable, so in
DR3M the value of W (card group 15) must be defined greater than 0.5 and less
than or equal to 1. The amount of damping increases as W increases from 0.5 to
1; a value of W close to 0.5 corresponds very closely to analytic kinematic routing
A value of W equal to 1 usually overdamps a wave qreater than is physically
correct. Some limited numerical testing was performed to determine the best
value for W that would cause the solution of the kinematic equations to match
an accurate solution for the St. Venant equations. The results showed W equal
to 0.9, and this value is recommended for use with DR3M. An implicit finite
difference method, very similar to the method in DR3M, was presented by Rovey and
others, (1977). They also found that a weighting factor of 0.9 was best when
they simulated hydrographs in a circular pipe. In some cases it may be justi-
fiable to use the weighting factor as a tool for calibration. If observed
peak discharges are either overpredicted or underpredicted, the weighting
factor can be adjusted to bring computed peaks into closer agreement with the
observed data.
The explicit finite difference method is used in the model as a means of
obtaining the first guess at the unknown flow area in the iteration scheme of
the implicit method. The option, however, is available to use the method by
itself without iteration, if that is desired. Computer time for the explicit
method will always be less than for the implicit method, when the two methods
are compared with the same routing time step. Therefore, the explicit method
may be useful to save computer costs on large routing runs. The user is cautioned,
however, that solutions with the explicit method can contain large amounts of
numerical dispersion that cannot be conveniently controlled by any model parameter
such as W in the implicit method. As a result, the explicit method may require
a small time step to achieve desirable accuracy.
Selecting At and Ax
The use of either of the finite-difference methods requires careful
selection of Ax and At to achieve accuracy. The selection is more important
for the explicit method. Error is minimized if Ax and At are selected so
that the characteristic passing through point a also passes through point d
(fig. 4). For other selections of Ax and At, numerical errors will be
introduced into the computations. Experience has indicated that peak discharges
can be as much as 30 percent low if Ax and At are grossly in error.
One approach to selecting Ax and At is to choose At first and then
set Ax for each segment to keep errors small. Two factors are important to
consider in selecting At. One is the temporal variability of rainfall input
to the model. It is advisable to choose a relatively small At if rainfall
intensities are highly variable in time, and a larger At if rainfall intensities
remain nearly constant in time. The other is response time of model segments
used to describe the catchment. For an individual segment, response time is a
function of slope, roughness, and flow length. Generally, the overland-flow
planes that respond most quickly will bear most on the selection of At. The
ruling consideration is that At be small enough to acceptably define the

33
outflow hydroqraph from any model segment. Of course, acceptable definition
of the hydrograph from one particular model segment may not require great
detail if the hydrograph at the watershed outlet is all that is of interest.
After a value for At is selected, Ax must be chosen for each model
segment. The proper ratio of Ax to At can be expressed from the equation
for a characteristic path (equation 12).

(47)
At

In the special linear case (pipe segment) where m = 1, the above equation reduces
to AX/At = a, and it is thus easy to compute Ax. In the general nonlinear
case, m * 1, it is not so simple. Since flow area, A, is a function of both x
and t, it is not possible to satisfy equation 47 at all times. It is therefore
certain that some numerical error will be present. To minimize the error, it
is recommended to use an average flow area expected in the segment.
A procedure for doing this can be illustrated by an example. Assume a
segment is 620 ft long, a and m are equal to 3.0 and 1.67^ respectively, and
that At is 0.5 min (30 seconds). An average discharge (Q) over the hydrograph
has been estimated as 6 ft^/s. For this discharge the corresponding flow area
(A) can be computed from equation 10. The result is
1/m 1/1.67
= 1.5 ft 2

Using this average flow area, equation 47 can be solved for Ax giving

Ax = At = (3)(1.67)(1.5)- 67 (30) = 197 ft, use 200 ft.

The value for Ax is not an input parameter to DR3M. Instead, the model
requires a parameter NDX that defines the number of Ax's into which a segment
is divided. For this example
620
NDX = = 3.2, use 3
200
The one problem with computing NDX in the above manner is that before a
model run the hydrograph is unknown. The average flow discharge or flow area
can therefore only be estimated. This is not a serious problem, however,
because it is possible to assign NDX a reasonable value for a first model run
and then refine the estimate after obtaining the hydrograph from the model
output.

34
 For an overland-flow segment, NDX is determined in the same manner as fo,r
a channel segment. Because routing is on a per unit width basis, the flow area
for an overland-flow segment is really equal to flow depth. It is sometimes
very difficult to estimate an average flow depth for overland flow. If this
is the case, it is again possible to use the model to output the hydrograph of
discharge per unit foot from any overland-flow segment, and from this hydrograph,
estimate an average flow depth.
SEGMENTATION
Consider the segmentation of an urban drainage basin into a set of
model segments; the following steps might be followed:
1. Obtain available information on the basin including storm-sewer maps,
topographic maps, and land-use maps. Obtain 1-inch equals 100- to 1,000-ft
aerial photography. Aerial photographs of this scale should be available
either from local governments or from a local engineering firm. If no aerial
photographs are available, then a contract for obtaining them might be
considered. These services can usually be obtained at $300 to $2,000 per
basin, depending on the number of basins flown, the size of the basins, and
the scale of the photographs, among other factors. Mylar prints should be
obtained so that work copies can be made of each photo.
2. Assuming aerial photographs are obtained, mark the location of the
drainage network and inlets on a set of the work photos. This will require
some field verification to assure that storm-sewer maps and other information
obtained for the basin are "as built."
3. Mark overland- and street-flow directions on the aerial photographs,
particularly at street intersections. This step will require some field
inspection of the basin. Many times, flow directions on streets will be
difficult to determine. Use of hand levels or field verification during
periods of rainfall or snowmelt might be necessary to resolve questions about
flow directions.
4. Using the marked-up photos, the basin can then be segmented.
There are no exact rules on how to proceed; however, some general rules-
of-thumb for basin segmentation are as follows:
A. It is often easiest to begin segmentation by starting at the down-
stream end of a basin.
B. Channel segmentation and overland-flow segmentation are generally
done at the same time as the two are highly interrelated.
C. The more highly developed part of the basin generally will require a
more detailed breakdown into segments because of additional complexity of the
drainage and the greater contribution to watershed runoff per unit of land area.
D. This model, as do most urban-runoff models, assumes all overland-
flow segments are rectangular. Therefore, attempts should be made to create
overland-flow segments which approach this shape.

35
 E. Attempts should be made to obtain segments of fairly uniform char-
acteristics throughout the segment.
F. Channel intersections exert a controlling influence on overland-
flow segmentation because each overland-flow segment must drain to a channel
segment.
G. Segmentation into the fewest number of segments that will preserve
the essential basin hydrologic-response characteristics is desired. Finding
a suitable simplified segmentation is important for derivation of runoff
frequency curves which can be expensive to simulate. If output from DR3M
is used as input to DR3M-Q1JAL, then a simplified segmentation is particularly
important. One approach might be to perform various levels of segmentation
and to determine the sensitivity of the model to these different levels.
Repeated use of the same overland-flow segment can be particularly valuable.
Leclerc and Schaake (1973) have demonstrated that when a detailed segmentation
is simplified, the changes most likely to be observed are a faster response
of the rising limb and recession limb of the simulated hydrograph. Experience
with the model has shown that the "optimum" number of segments may depend
more" on basin complexity and subbasin hydrograph interest than basin size.
H. Break points between channel segments should occur at channel inter-
sections (for example, the intersection of CH01, CH02, and CH04, and CH05 in
figure 3), at points of considerable change in channel characeristics, at
points where sewer surcharge or culvert surcharging may restrict the flow,
and at points of interest for subbasin hydrographs. Typically, it is not
necessary to include short reaches of pipe segment to represent culverts under
roadways. However, if a culvert detains much water during major periods of
storm runoff, it may be necessary to use a reservoir segment to approximate
this.
MODEL APPLICATIONS
DR3M can be used for a wide variety of applications. A set of model
segments can be arranged easily into a network that will represent simple or
complex drainage basins.
DR3M can be applied to drainage basins ranging from tens of acres to
several square miles. However, it is not generally recommended for use on
drainage basins over 10 square miles, unless sufficient rainfall data are
available to adequately define its spatial variation. The model does not have
a subsurface flow component. Thus, for larger watersheds, subsurface flow or
upstream inflow to the watershed may have to be input to the model through use
of an input-hydrograph or input-discharge point. The model is intended primarily
for application to urban or urbanizing watersheds. However, it may have limited
use for rural applications where subsurface flow and interflow contributions to
runoff are either negligible or can be estimated and input to the model. The
capability to use the same overland-flow segment repeatedly throughout the
watershed can be used to define short distances of overland flow representative
of many rural watersheds without use of an overwhelming number of segments.

36
 The model can be calibrated and verified using data collected over a
short period of time. Long-term historical records of rainfall can then be ,
input to the model to extend the records of storm-runoff. Rainfall and
runoff data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey can be retrieved from
WATSTORE (National Water Data Storage and Jtetrieval System) in the format
required by the model (Carrigan and others, 1977). Long-term records of
rainfall data at short-time intervals (usually 5 or 10 minutes) can be obtained
from the National Weather Service for many cities in the U.S. The data are
for anywhere from 3 to over 10 "major" storms per year for a period of record
often exceeding 50 years. Much of these data are stored in the U.S. Geological
Survey WATSTORE computer files and can be retrieved in the format required by
the model. Records of daily precipitation and daily evaporation for the period
of record spanned by the short.time interval data can also be retrieved from
WATSTORE for most of these stations. Long-term records stored on WATSTORE
are listed by Carrigan and others (1977).
The model can be used for urban-basin planning purposes by its determination
of the hydrologic effects of different development configurations. Certain
assumptions would have to be made to determine the changes required in model
parameters to represent various types of development. To facilitate such
applications, as well as to facilitate application of the model to ungaged
watersheds, whenever possible, a physical interpretation has been placed upon
parameters used in the model. Examples of the above application of the model
might include assessing the effects of increased impervious cover, detention
ponds, or culverts on runoff volumes and peak flows.
The separation of rainfall excess computations and flow routing in the
model results in several advantages. The first of these advantages is that
the soil-moisture accounting and infiltration parameters as well as the effective
impervious area can be calibrated through repeated application of the Rosenbrock
algorithm without having the expense of routing at each iteration. Secondly,
a long-term sequence of runoff volumes can be inexpensively simulated. This
information could be useful for purposes such as design of detention storage
facilities (Raasch, 1979) or for determination of runoff volumes for pollutant
load computations.
The model can be used as a tool for storm-water quality investigations
in several additional ways. For example, concentrations of water-quality
constituents in storm runoff have been related to instantaneous discharges
through regression equations by several investigators (Colston, 1974; Alley
and Ell is, 1978). DR3M could be used to simulate instantaneous discharges
from a drainage basin. The simulated discharges could then be used with
regression equations of instantaneous concentrations versus discharge (and
other appropriate independent variables) to estimate storm-runoff loads. For
example, Alley and Ellis (1978) used regression equations and a similar model,
the Storm Water Managment Model (Huber and others, 1975) to determine annual
loads of arsenic, copper, lead, and zinc from a residential basin near Denver,
Colorado. Additionally, output from DR^M can be used as input to DR3M-QUAL
(Alley and Smith, report in preparation).

37
 The assumptions behind the kinematic wave equations for channel and
overland-flow routing should be recognized by any potential user of the model.
The kinematic wave solution is based on the assumption that disturbances are
allowed to propagate only in the downstream direction. Therefore, the model
does not account for backwater effects or flow reversal. In addition, the
capacity of circular-pipe segments is limited to nonpressurized-flow capacity.
In addition to the assumptions behind the kinematic wave routing, other major
assumptions are listed below.
- rainfall excess is assumed to be uniformly distributed over an overland-
flow segment
- pervious and impervious parts of a segment are assumed uniformly
distributed over the segment
- the complex uneven topography of the natural catchment can be approximated
by planes
- rainfall excess does not infiltrate as it moves overland (once rainfall
excess is computed, it must end up in a channel)
- when rainfall ceases, infiltration ceases
- lateral inflows to channels are assumed uniformly distributed (in an
urban environment lateral inflows may enter through a gutter rather
than uniformly)
- changes in flow from laminar to turbulent or vice versa will not occur
- rainfall on noneffective impervious a{;eas is assumed to be instantaneously
and uniformly distributed over the pervious area of the watershed.

38
 REFERENCES
Alley, W. M., and Ellis, S.R., 1978, Trace elements in runoff from rainfall
and snowmelt at several localities in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan
area, in Internat. Symposium on Urban Storm Water Management, July 24-27,
1978, Proceedings: University of Kentucky, Lexington, p. 193-198.
Alley, W. M., and Veenhuis, J. E., 1979, Determination of basin characteristics
for an urban distributed routing rainfall-runoff model, in Stormwater
Management Model Users Group Meeting, May 24-25, 1979, Proceedings:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/9-79-026, p. 1-27.
Carrigan, P. H., Jr., Dempster, G. R., Jr., and Bower, D. E., 1977, User's
guide for U.S. Geological Survey rainfall-runoff models revision of
open-file report 74-33: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 77-884.
Chen, C. L., 1976, Flow resistance in broad shallow grassed channels: American
Society Civil Engineers Proc., Journal Hydraulics Division, v. 102, no.
HY3, p. 307-322.
Colston, N. V., 1974, Characterization and treatment of urban land runoff:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-670/2-74-096, 158 p.
Crawford, N. H., and Linsley, R. K., 1966, Digital simulation in hydrology,
Stanford Watershed Model IV: Tech. Rept. no. 39, Civil Engineering
Dept., Stanford University, 210 p.
Dawdy, D. R., Lichty, R. W., and Bergmann, J. M., 1972, A rainfall-runoff
simulation model for estimation of flood peaks for small drainage ^ t
basins: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 506-B, 28 p.
Dawdy, D. R., Schaake, J. C., Jr., and Alley, W. M., 1978, User's guide for
distributed routing rainfall-runoff model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-
Resources Inv. 78-90, 146 p.
Eagleson, P. S., 1970, Dynamic hydrology: New York, McGraw-Hill, 462 p.
Fawkes, P. E., 1972, Roughness in a model of overland flow: Unpublished
M.S. Thesis, Ft. Collins, Colo., Colorado State University.
Green, W. H., and Ampt, G. A., 1911, Studies on soil physics; I, Flow of air
and water through soils: Jour. Agr. Science, v. 4, p. 1-24.
Harley, B. M., Perkins, F. E., and Eagleson, P. S., 1970, A modular distributed
model of catchment dynamics: Hydrodynamics Laboratory Report No. 133,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Henderson, F. M., 1966, Open channel flow: New York, Macmillan Publishing Co.,
552 p.

39
Huber, W. L., Heaney, J. P., Medina, M. A., Peltz, W. A., Sheikh, Hasan, and
Smith, G. F., 1975, Storm water management model user's manual, Version II:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-67012-75-017, 350 p.
Leclerc, Guy, and Schaake, J. C., Jr., 1973, Methodology for assessing the
potential impact of urban development on urban runoff and the relative
efficiency of runoff control alternatives: Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory
Rept. no. 167, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 257 p.
Raasch, G. E., 1979, Urban storm water detention sizing technique, in Inter-
national Symposium on Urban Storm Runoff, July 23-26, 1979, Proceedings:
University of Kentucky, Lexington, p. 55-60.
Rosenbrock, H. H., 1960, An automatic method of finding the greatest or least
value of a function: Computer Jour., v. 3, p. 175-184.
Rovey, E. W., Woolhiser, D. A., and Smith, R. E., 1977, A distributed kinematic
model of upland watersheds: Colorado State University Hydrology Paper No. 93,
Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Soil Conservation Service, 1972, National engineering handbook, sec. 4,
Hydrology, chap. 17, Flood routing: Dept of Agriculture, p. 17-1 to 17-93.
Wisler, C. 0., and Brater, E. F., 1959, Hydrology: New York, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., 408 p.
Woolhiser, D. A., 1975, Simulation of unsteady overland flow j_n Unsteady flow
in open channels, edited by K. Mahmood and V. Yevjevich: Water Resources
Publications, Fort Collins, Colorado.

40
 ATTACHMENT A
DATA INPUT SPECIFICATIONS
Data input specifications for this program are listed below. All listing
of numeric data is right justified. All listing of alphabetic data is left
justified. The letter "Oh" is written 0 to contrast with the number zero--
written 0.
Experience with the program has indicated that great care must be
exercised in preparing the input data deck. Model users should refer to
the section on program debugging and interpretation (Attachment B) and the
sample runs shown in Attachment H for additional assistance. Computer
requirements for running the program are described in Attachment C. Changes
required to convert a data deck that used the 1978 version of the model to
a deck that will work on the current version are shown in Attachment D.

41
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 1

Model options (1 card)

Option to list data. 0PTI0N A4 1-4

If 0PTI0N=LIST, all
input rainfall, runoff,
and evaporation data
are listed in output
from program.

If measured unit discharge 0PT II 5

data are not input to
program, set 0PT=1.
Otherwise, leave blank.

If daily rainfall are to N0PT1 II 6

be modified for irrigation,
(see card group 2) set
N0PT=1. Otherwise,
leave blank.

If segment outflows are to be JPERM 12 8

stored semipermanently on
disk for later use by DR3M-
QUAL, set JPERM=1. Other-
wise, leave blank.

If JPERM is set to 1, make sure JRECDS on FT25 card is large enough. See
section of Attachment C entitled "Semipermanent storage of segment discharge
data."

The simulated hydrograph JPUN 12 21-22

at the outlet from the
watershed for each routed
storm can be written to a
file specified by JPUN.
Otherwise, leave blank.
See Attachment C for
guidance in determining
JPUN.

42
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 2

Irrigation rates (1 card)

(Include card group 2 only if N0PT=1.)

Irrigation rate (inches/

week) for
January IRR(l) F5, 1-5
February IRR(2) F5, 6-10
March IRR(3) F5, 11-15
April IRR(4) F5, 16-20
May IRR(5) F5.3 21-25
June IRR(6) F5.3 26-30
July IRR(7) F5.3 31-35
August IRR(8) F5.3 36-40
September IRR(9) F5.3 41-45
October IRR(IO) F5.3 46-50
November IRR(ll) F5.3 51-55
December IRR(12) F5.3 56-60

Card group 2 is used to account for irrigation (for example, lawn watering)
in the daily water balance. If a daily rainfall is less than the daily
irrigation rate, the daily rainfall is reset equal to the irrigation rate.

Card Group 3

Discharge station (1 card)

Discharge station number STAD 18 1-8

Name of discharge station TITLD 50A1 9-58

Drainage area of basin DA F6.2 59-64

(square miles)

Card Group 4

Daily rainfall station (1 card)

Daily rainfall station number STAP 18 1-8

Name of daily rainfall station TITLP 50A1 9-58

43
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 5

Daily evaporation station (1 card)

Daily evaporation station number STAE 18 1-8

Name of daily evaporation station TITLE 50A1 9-58

Card Group 6

Period of record (1 card)

Beginning year, BYR 13 21-23

month, and BM0 13 24-26
day of record BDY 13 27-29

Ending year, EYR 13 33-35

month, and EM0 13 36-38
day of record EDY 13 39-41

SMS and BMS are set equal to zero at the start of simulation. Therefore,
the beginning day of record should be 1 to 2 months prior to the first unit
day. The ending day of record should be at least 1 day after the last unit day.
The beginning and ending years should be from the same century. Thus, simula-
tion of 1886 to 1902 would require at least 2 separate runs. The model will not
handle the years 1800 or 1900.

Card Group 7

Unit rainfall station (1 card for each rain gage)

Unit rainfall station number STAUP 18 1-8

Name of unit rainfall station TITLUP 50A1 9-58

Time interval for unit data PTIME F6.0 59-64

PTIME is restricted to one of the following values (in minutes): 1, 2, 3,

4, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, or 60.

If more than one rain gage is used, a Card 7 must be placed in front
of the data for each rain gage.

The following types of cards (card groups 8-11) contain input data of
unit rainfall, unit discharge, daily rainfall, and daily evaporation. The
cards must be arranged in chronologic sequence for each data type, in the
order listed below. If more than one rain gage is used, all data for one

44
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

rain gage must be read in chronologic order before the data for another rain
gage are input. The number of cards depends upon the number of days of
record and the number of storm events. In column 80 of each data card, the
type of data will be identified by the C0DE number as follows:

Type of data Program variable C0DE

Unit rainfall UP 1
Unit discharge UD 2
Daily rainfall DP 3
Daily evaporation DE A

The number of cards required to list a complete day of unit rainfall (UP)
or unit discharge (UD) is 120/PTIME. The card format for listing UP and UD
provides 12 fields for these data. Each set of 12 units of data is numbered
in chronologic sequence by the variable CN. The arrays UP and UD are initial-
ized to zero. Hence, if all 12 units of data for UP and UD are zero, the card
may be omitted from the input card deck, but its card sequence number for this
day must be taken into account in listing CN on subsequent cards. At least
one unit rainfall card must be included for each rain gage for every unit
day, even if no rain occurred during that day.

Card Group 8
Cards for unit rainfall data

One of two different formats are used in coding unit rainfall data,
depending on the value of PTIME on card group 7. If PTIME is less than 5.0
minutes, use format 8a. If PTIME is greater than or equal to 5.0 minutes,
use format 8b.

Format 8a

Unit rainfall station number STAD 18 1-8

(same as on card group 7)

Date on which discharge occurred:

year YR 12 9-10
month M0 12 11-12
day DY 12 13-14

45
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Time interval, in minutes CT 12 15-16

(must equal PTIME on card
group 7).

Card sequence number CN 13 17-19

Rainfall expressed in UD 12F5.0 20-79

hundredths of an inch
(12 data items per card)

Data type (C0DE=1 in column 80) C0DE II 80

Format 8b

Unit rainfall station number STAD 18 1-f

(same as on card group 7)

Date on which discharge occurred:

year YR 12 9-10
month M0 12 11-12
day DY 12 13-14

Time interval, in minutes CT 12 15-16

(must equal PTIME on card
group 7).

Card sequence number CN 12 17-18

Rainfall expressed in UD 12F5.0 19-78

hundredths of an inch
(12 data items per card)

Data type (C0DE=1 in column 80) C0DE II 80

At the end of data for a rain gage, when data for another rain gage are
to be used, insert a card between the sets of rain-gage data with a C0DE of
8 punched in column 80. If no unit discharge data are to be read-in (0PT = 1),
insert a card at the end of the final rain-gage data with a C0DE of 9 punched
in column 80.

46
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 9

Cards for storm discharge data

(If 0PT=1 on card group 1, skip to card group 10.)

One of two different formats are used in coding data, depending on the
value of PTIME on card group 7. If PTIME is less than 5.0 minutes, use
format 9a. If PTIME is greater than or equal to 5.0 minutes, use format 9b.

Format 9a

Discharge station number STAD 18 1-8

(same as on card group 3)

Date on which discharge occurred:

year YR 12 9-10
month M0 12 11-12
day DY 12 13-14

Time interval, in minutes CT 12 15-16

(must equal PTIME on card
group 7).

Card sequence number CN 13 17-19

Discharge, in ft 3 /s (12 UD 12F5.0 20-79

data items per card)

Data type (C0DE=2 in column 80) C0DE II 80

Format 9b

Discharge station number STAD 18 1-8

(same as on card group 3)

Date on which discharge occurred

year YR 12 9-10
month M0 12 11-12
day DY 12 13-14

Time interval, in minutes CT 12 15-16

(must equal PTIME on
card group 7).

47
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card sequence number CN 12 17-18

Discharge, in ft 3 /s (12 UD 12F5.0 19-78

data items per card)

Data type (C0DE=2 in column 80) C0DE II 80

At the end of the unit discharge data, insert a card with a C0DE of 9
punched in column 80.

Card Group 10

Cards for daily rainfall data

Daily rainfall station number STAP 18 1-8

(same as card group 4)

Year and month for data YR 12 9-10

M0 12 11-12

Card sequence number (1 or 2) CN II 13

Daily rainfall in inches (up DP 16F4.2 14-77

to and including 16 items
per card)

Data type (C0DE=3 in column 80) C0DE II 80

Two cards are required for listing a complete month of daily rainfall
or daily evaporation. Use as many cards as necessary to list data for all
months. The card format for listing these daily data provides 16 fields:
the first 16 days of data are listed on the first card, identified by the
card sequence number CN=1, and the remaining days of data in the month on
the second card CN=2. For unit days insert a negative number as the daily
rainfall for that day on the daily rainfall card. A negative value signals
the model that unit rainfall is listed for that day.

It may be desirable to skip a large gap in time rather than continue

with daily soil-moisture accounting (for example, no winter records). In
such cases a 9999 should be punched as the daily rainfall for the first and
last day of the gap in record. No daily rainfall cards are required for
intervening days. SMS and BMS are set equal to zero immediately following
a gap in the daily precipitation record. Therefore, the model should be
run for 1 to 2 months on daily soil-moisture accounting basis between the
end of a gap in record and the first subsequent unit day.

48
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 11

Cards for daily evaporation data

Daily evaporation station STAE 18 1-8

number (same as on card
group 5)

Year and month for data YR 12 9-10

M0 12 11-12

Card sequence number (1 or 2) CN II 13

Daily evaporation in inches DE 16F4.2 14-77

(up to and including 16
items per card)

Data type (C0DE=4 in column 80) C0DE II 80

At the end of the daily evaporation data, insert a card with a C0DE of
9 punched in column 80.

Card Group 12

Optimization card

Number of parameters in the E0 14 1-4

soil-moisture accounting and
rainfall-excess components

Number of parameters to be F0 14 5-8

adjusted

Number of trial adjustments K 14 9-12

per parameter

Initial step size multiplier EPSLN F8.0 13-20

for parameter adjustment
(usually set to 0.05)

E0 should be 7 if the basin is to be treated as one soil type or 13 if

the basin is to be divided into parts with differing infiltration and soil-
moisture parameters. If two different soil types are used, each overland-
flow segment is assigned one or the other soil type by card group 16. If
two soil types are used, up to 13 parameters can be optimized; however, this
is not a recommended procedure. The two soil types option is only allowed
if PTIME (card group 7) is greater than or equal to 5 minutes.

49
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 13

Parameter values (E0 cards)

Initial magnitude X(I) F10.0 I-10

Lower limit G(I) F10.0 II-20

Upper limit H(I) F10.0 21-30

The initial magnitude and the magnitudes for the upper and lower limits
for all parameters must be furnished. Suggested magnitudes are given in
table 3. These magnitudes are grouped in the following order for each para-
meter: initial, lower limit, upper limit. The groups are listed for each
parameter according to the order shown in table 3. For simulations with
one soil type the first seven parameters must be input. For simulations with
two soil types all 13 parameters should be input to the program. Upper and
lower limits of parameters must be specified, even if no optimization is
performed. The section on determining model parameters should be consulted
when determining initial parameter values. Initial values of all parameters
should not be equal to either the upper or lower limits. The initial value
of EAC should always be set to 1.0.

Table 3. List of soil-moisture and rainfall-excess parameters

in order of input

Parameter Typical Typical

Parameter number lower limit upper limit Unit

PSP 1 0.5 8.0 inches

KSAT 2 0.05 1.2 inches per hour

RGF 3 5.0 20.0 dimensionless

BMSN 4 2.0 6.0 inches

EVC 5 .5 1.0 dimensionless

RR 6 .7 .95 dimensionless

EAC 7 .85 1.15 dimensionless

If E0 equals 13, parameters 1-6 are repeated, but numbered 8-13. Parameters
8-13 represent soil type 2 on the watershed.

50
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 14

Parameters adjusted (1 card)

Parameter numbers from 0PTN0 1312 1-2
table 3 for parameters 3-4
to be optimized (should etc.
be F0 in number). Para-
meters should be listed
in ascending order. If
no optimization is per-
formed, insert a blank card.

If EAC (parameter number 7) is included in the optimization, it should

be noted that this factor only affects the simulated rainfall excess for
optimization. No adjustment is made to the segment data given by card
group 16. It is left to the user to make apropriate modifications to the
segment data based on the results of the optimization of EAC. No storms
should be routed, if EAC is not equal to 1.0.

51
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 15

Model control (1 card)

Number of different segments NSEG 15 1-5

used to describe basin (2 to 99)

Time interval, in minutes, DT F5.0 6-10

used in flow routing (At)

Ratio of the sum of the RAT F5.0 11-15

pervious and noneffective
impervious areas to the
pervious area. RAT should
be greater than or equal to 1.0.

Number of rain gages (1 to 3) NRG 15 16-20

Maximum impervious retention (in.) IMP F5.0 21-25

Alpha adjustment. Segment a f s ALPADJ F5.0 26-30

computed from segment data are
multiplied by ALPADJ. Exceptions
are the af s for overbank flow
(see columns 66-70 of card group
16), which are not affected by
changes in ALPADJ and can only be
manually changed. ALPADJ is a cali-
bration factor for routing and should
be initially set to 1.0.

Model parameter WX corresponds to WX F5.2 31-35

weighting factor (W) on space
derivative in implicit finite
difference method (0.5 < WX <_ 1.0).

The value of DT is restricted to certain values depending on the value of

PTIME on card group 7:

PTIME, in Allowable DT,

minutes in minutes

1-4 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0

5 or 10 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0

15-60 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 15.0

52
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 16

Segment characteristics (1 card for each segment)

Cards may be initially arranged in any order and the model will establish
an appropriate computational sequence. However, if the segment flow data are
to be used for a subsequent DR3M-QUAL run, then prior to storing the flow data
on disk the segment cards should be rearranged to have the same order as shown
in the model output under the heading "computation sequence." Attachment E and
the previous sections in the manual on segmentation and determining the segment
parameters should be consulted for assistance with this card group.

Alphanumeric identification ISEG(I) A4 1-4

for segment (required for all
segments; any alphanumeric
identification can be used).

Alphanumeric identification IUP(I,J) 3A4 5-8

for up to 3 segments which J = 1,3 9-12
contribute inflow to the 13-16
upstream end of this segment
(leave blank where upstream
segments are not present).

Alphanumeric identification ILAT(I,J) 4A4 17-20

for up to 4 segments which J = 1,4 21-24
contribute uniform 25-28
lateral inflow into this 29-32
segment (leave blank where
lateral inflow segments
are not present).

Type of segment ITYPE(I) 12 33-34

1 = a gutter

2 = a pipe

3 = a triangular cross section

4 = to specify explicitly the kinematic channel

parameters a and m

5 = overland-flow segment (turbulent)

6 = overland-flow segment (laminar)

53
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

7 = a junction

8 = a detention reservoir (modified-Puls)

9 = a detention reservoir (linear storage)

10 = an input-hydrograph point (only one input-

hydrograph point is accepted by model; see
card groups 23 and 24)

11 = an input-discharge point (only one input-discharge

point is accepted by model; see card group 19)

Kinematic routing solution method

0 = explicit finite difference METH(I) II 35

method

1 = method of characteristics

2 = implicit finite difference

method

Outflow print-out indicator IPR(I) II 36

1 = the outflow hydrograph for this segment

is to be printed

0 = the outflow hydrograph for this segment

is not to be printed

For segment types 1-6 and NDX(I) 12 37-38

finite difference routing,
NDX is the number of intervals
into which total length of
segment is divided. For
segment type 8, NDX is the
number of points in the
storage-outflow relationship.
Otherwise, leave blank. The
maximum value of NDX for any
segment is 10.

Length of segment (ft) FLGTH(I) F5.0 39-43

Slope of segment (ft/ft) SL0PE(I) F5.0 44-48

54
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Roughness coefficient for FRN(I) F5.0 49-53

segment
For segments of type 1, 2, 3, or 5, this is a parameter similar to Manning's n.
For segments of type 6, this is an empirical coefficient for laminar overland
flow. Leave blank for segments of type 4 or 7 to 11.
A pair of parameters which PARAM(I,J) 2F5.0 54-58
depend on type of segment J = 1,2 59-63

Segment Type Parameter Definitions

1 PARAM(I,1) = gutter cross slope (ft horizontal/ft vertical)

PARAM(I,2) = leave blank

2 PARAM(I,1) - diameter (ft)

PARAM(I,2) = leave blank

3 PARAM(I,1) = channel side slope on one side (ft horizontal/

ft vertical)

PARAM(I,2) = channel side slope on other side (ft horizontal/

ft vertical)

4 PARAM(I,1) = a
PARAM(I,2) = m

5 or 6 The values for PARAM (1,1) and PARAM (1,2) depend on whether
the overland-flow plane is represented by a single roughness
coefficient or two roughness coefficients, one for impervious
surfaces and one for pervious surfaces.

One roughness coefficient

PARAM (1,1) should be set to 1.0 and PARAM (1,2) should be set
to the effective imperviousness as a fraction. For example,
for an overland-flow segment consisting of 15 percent effective
impervious land cover, PARAM (1,2) = 0.15.
Two roughness coefficients

For the two roughness coefficient case, PARAM (1,1) for the
impervious segment should be equal to the effective impervious-
ness as a fraction and PARAM (1,1) for the pervious segment
should be equal to 1.0 minus the effective imperviousness.

55
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

PARAM (1,2) for the impervious segment should be 1.0 and for
the pervious segment should be 0.0. An example is included
in Attachment E.

7 PARAM(I,1) = leave blank

PARAM(I,2) = leave blank

8 PARAM(I,1) = leave blank

PARAM(I,2) = permanent pool capacity (ft^/s-hours)

9 PARAM(I,1) = constant K in S=KO relationship (hours)

PARAM(I,2) = leave blank

10 or 11 PARAM(I,1) = leave blank

PARAM(I,2) = leave blank

Designation of soil type KPSET(I) 12 64-65

for overland-flow segments

If E0 = 7 on card group 12, enter a 1. If E0 = 13, KPSET(I) equals 1

if soil parameters 1-6 apply (see table 3). KPSET(I) equals 2 if soil
parameters 8-13 apply. Leave blank for segment types 1-4 and 7-11.

This parameter should be coded RC0EF(I,J), 3F5.0 66-70

for channel segments of J=1,NRG
type 4 which are to have two 71-75
sets of a and m and for
overland-flow segments. 76-80

Segment Type Parameter Definitions

4 Columns 66-70 should contain the value of a for the range

of discharges above some specified breakpoint discharge.
Columns 71-75 should contain the value of m for the upper
range of discharges and columns 76-80 should contain the
breakpoint discharge in cubic feet per second. This
second set of a and m is only used if the finite difference
methods are used for flow routing.

5 or 6 "Thiessen coefficients" for overland-flow segments should

be specified for each rain gage. These "Thiessen
coefficients" are adjustment coefficients for weighting the
rainfall excess from each rain gage and should sum to 1.0.
In fact, if data from more than one rain gage is input to
the program, it is recommended that a single rain gage be
designated for each overland-flow segment rather than using
a weighted-sum of multiple rain gages.

56
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 17

Outflow-storage data cards

If there are no segments of type 8, skip to the next card group. Otherwise,
for each raodified-Puls detention segment, in the order in which the detention
segments are read in card group 16, input the outflow-storage relationship.
There should be NDX(I) cards for each type 8 segment. The first value of
outflow and storage for a reservoir should be 0.0. Each value of outflow
or storage should be greater than the previous value.

For detention reservoirs that have a permanent pool, the model assumes
that the reservoirs are at their permanent pool capacity at the start of a
storm (specified in columns 59-63 of card group 16). In order to specify this
permanent pool capacity in the outflow-storage relationship, the second value
of storage should be the permanent pool capacity and the second value of outflow
should be a very small positive number such as 0.0001.

Outflow (in ft 3 /s) 02(1,11) F10.0 1-10

Storage (in ft 3 /s-hours) S2(I,II), F10.0 11-20

II=1,NDX(I)

Card Group 18

Storm-sequencing card(s)

Number of storms I 12 1-2

(maximum of 60)

Number of storms in the NF(K) 3912 3-4

continuous sequence of K= l> I 5-6
storm days containing a etc.
given storm.

The following example should assist in explaining card group 18. Suppose
eight storms are to be simulated by the model. These storms occur on the
following days:

57
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Storm
Number Date

1 March 1, 1976
2 March 1, 1976
3 May 20, 1976
4 June 1, 1976
5 June 1-2 , 1976
6 June 2, 1976
7 April 1, 1977
8 April 2, 1977

Then, the following numbers would be punched on the card representing

card group 18:

Card Column: 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Number: 822133322

Notice that the number of storms in a set of storm days is entered as

many times as there are storms in the set.

Card Group 19

Storm identification (1 card for each storm)

Starting time increment KS 14 1-4

for storm

Ending time increment KE 14 5-8

for storm

If volumes are supplied, set V0LI F7.2 9-15

V0LI equal to runoff volume
(inches). Otherwise, leave
blank.

If an input-discharge segment DISCH F5.2 16-20

(type 11) is used, enter
a constant discharge to be
input to the model flow
computations for this storm,
Otherwise, leave blank.

58
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

There should be one storm-separation card for each of the I storms shown
on card group 18. Starting and ending time increments are specified as the
number of the time interval in the sequence of days containing the storm.
The value of KS or KE can be calculated using the following formula:

KS or KE = [60«HR + MIN + 1440 (NDSD-1)]

PTIME

where HR is the hour of the day (from 0 to 24), MIN is the minutes past the
hour, and NDSD is the number of the storm day in the sequence of storm days.
For example, if the time interval is 15 minutes and the starting time of a
storm is 0700 on the first day of a sequence of storm days, KS should be
specified as 28. Likewise, if the starting time was 0700 on the second day
of a sequence of storm days, KS should be specified as 124. Other examples
are shown in table 4. Care should be taken to assure that the value of KE
is not so large as to represent a day for which unit data have not been input
to model.

Table 4. Examples of KS and KE

PTIME = PTIME =
1.0 minutes 5.0 minutes
Starting Ending
Storm time time
Number Date (24-hour) (24-hour) KS KE KS KE

1 March 1, 1976 0700 1115 420 675 84 135

2 March 1, 1976 1305 1610 785 970 157 194
3 May 20, 1976 1205 1425 725 865 145 173
4 June 1, 1976 0010 0555 10 355 2 71
5 June 1-2, 1976 2310 0105 1390 1505 278 301
6 June 2, 1976 0810 0955 1930 2035 386 407
7 April 1, 1977 1015 1235 615 755 123 151
8 April 2, 1977 1055 1400 2095 2280 419 456

Card Group 20

Routing card(s)

1 = routing performed for storm K0UT(I) 4012 1-2

0 = no routing for storm I = 1,N0FE 3-4

etc.

59
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 21

Optimization card(s)

0 = storm not used in TESTN0(I), 4012 1-2

computation of objective I=1,N0FE 3-4
function etc.

1 = storm used in computation

of objective function

Card Group 22

Plotting card(s)
0 = no plotting of outlet IPL(I) 4012 1-2
discharge data for storm I=1,N0FE 3-4
etc.
outlet discharge data
are plotted for storm

All plots include measured runoff data (minus assumed baseflow) when
they are input to program.

Card Group 23

Input-hydrograph-indicator card(s)

0 = storm has no input IHYD(I), 4012 1-2

hydrograph I=1,N0FE 3-4
etc.

1 = storm has input

hydrograph

Card group 23 is needed for all runs even if no input hydrograph points
are included in model.

60
 Program Card
Input item variable Format columns

Card Group 24

Cards specifying input hydrograph

No cards are necessary If there are no Input-hydrograph segments (ITYPE(I) =

10 on card group 16). Otherwise, the input hydrographs for each storm indicated
on card group 23 should be read in the order in which the storms occur. An
inflow of 0 cubic feet per second is assumed if no values for a time period
are read.

1 = last input hydrograph IC0DE II

card for storm

0 = not last input hydrograph

card for storm

Starting time increment for JJJ 14 2-5

values of inflow specified
on this card (same con-
vention as card group 19)

Inflow,in ft^/s (10 values X2(I) 10F5.3 6-55

per card) 1=1,10

61
 ATTACHMENT B

PROGRAM DEBUGGING AND INTERPRETATION

Experience with the program has indicated that great care must be exercised
in preparing the input card deck. The time and effort used to carefully prepare
and check an input data deck can save considerable frustration later when
using the model.

Even with painstaking effort, some errors may occur. Many diagnostic
messages are contained within the program in the event of errors. Most of
the input data are output by the program soon after being read. Hence, where
the program is located in outputting data will often give a clue as to the
location of the error in the input data. This is particularly true of the
rainfall, runoff, and evaporation data. For this reason, it is highly recommended
that 0PTI0N = LIST on card group 1 during program debugging.

If erroneous data are input to the program, errors may occur in the program
output even though the program appeared to run correctly. For example, impervious
retention might be mistakenly read into the program as 0.5 inches, rather than
the intended value of 0.05 inches. These types of errors can be identified by
carefully checking much of the output against the data that are assumed to be
input to the program. Particularly important items to check include the drainage
area computations, the computation sequence, and the "Summary of Measured Data."

Drainage areas output by the program include the furnished and computed
drainage area, and the computed percent effective impervious area, percent
noneffective impervious area, and percent pervious area. The furnished
drainage area is that input on card group 3, while the computed drainage
area is based on the model segment data. A message is output by the model,
if the computed and measured drainage areas differ by more than 1 percent.
The model uses the computed drainage area for all computations.

The segment data are input to the program using card group 16. Segments
can be arranged in any order during input. The model computes a computational
sequence based on the segment interrelationships. This sequence is output by
the model and should be checked as well as the table of segment characteristics.
If an input-hydrograph segment is used, this can be checked by listing the flow
from this segment and its upstream segment(s) (if any) and noting the difference.

The "Summary of Measured Data" lists the computed rainfall at each gage
and, if input to the program, the measured direct runoff, peak discharge (minus
baseflow), and assumed baseflow for each storm. These values should be checked.
The measured values of direct runoff may be either user specified or computed
by the model using unit discharge data. If unit discharge data are supplied
to the model, direct runoff is calculated by a simple hydrograph-separation
technique which assumes a constant base flow equal to the lowest measured
discharge for the storm event.

62
 It is recommended that the soil-moisture accounting and rainfall-excess
parameters be optimized first (if this is to be done). Once a satisfactory
fit has been achieved, a separate routing run can then be made. Because the
segment data for routing are independent of the value of EAC, it is recommended
that during optimization the watershed be treated as a single overland-flow
segment draining to a single channel segment. Upon determining the optimum
value of EAC, the value of the segment characteristics can be changed appropriately
(as well as the value of RAT) and EAC can be set to 1.0 for routing.

For an optimization run, the objective function value and associated

parameter values are printed for each successful trial. Also, a listing by
storm event of the simulated, and measured data are output at the start of
each stage. Important items here include the simulated pervious area rainfall
excess, the simulated rainfall excess, and the measured direct runoff. A
comparison of the simulated pervious and total rainfall excesses can be used
to assess the validity of including the soil-moisture-accounting and infiltration
parameters in the optimization. A comparison of the simulated rainfall excesses
and measured direct runoffs and the contribution of each storm to the objective
function can be used to assess the effectiveness of the optimization for each
storm. It should be recognized that simulated rainfall excess is based only
on the unrouted surface runoff from overland-flow planes. Storage in reservoirs
and channels and the contribution of an input hydrograph or input discharge are
not taken into account. However, these effects are included for routed storms
under the heading "simulated runoff volume at outlet."

If measured runoff data are input to DR3M, then the output from the model
includes a plot of simulated versus measured runoff volumes and peak flows.
These plots can be used to check for bias in runoff prediction. If parameter
optimization is performed during the run, then only runoff periods included in
the optimization are shown on the runoff-volume plots.

The cost of using DR3M is very sensitive to the number of routing intervals
(AT's) and the number of segments. Prior to running a long-term rainfall
record through the model, attempts should be made to reduce the number of
segments. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of At (DT on card group 15)
should be made so that it can be set to the largest reasonable value. Con-
sideration should also be given to setting KE for each storm on card group
19 to as small a value as needed to obtain the peak discharges for long-term
simulation.

63
 ATTACHMENT C

COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS

The program, as dimensioned, will handle 99 segments, 3 rain gages,

60 storms comprising at most 150 unit days, and 7,310 days (20 years) of
record. Each simulated storm can be routed through as many as 1442 At's
(approximately 24 hours for At = 1 minute). Many of the program's limits
can be changed easily by redimensioning the program. Several examples are
given below.

Period of record: The maximum period of record simulated by the program

can be changed by setting NDYS to the desired maximum period of record in
days (see line A 470 in Attachment G), and by changing the array sizes of DP
and DE to the value of NDYS.

Number of rain gages; The array P(2881,3) in C0MM0N C4 can be reduced

to P(2881,2) if only two rain gages are used, and to P(2881,l) if only one
rain gage is used. Extending the program's capability to more than three rain
gages would require many changes to the source code, however.

Number of unit time intervals: If PTIME on card group 7 is always 5

minutes or greater, then the UD and QIH arrays can be reduced from 2881 to
1441 and the UPR array can be reduced from 8643 to NRG*1441 where NRG is the
number of rain gages. IUNIT (see line A 460 in Attachment G) should then be
set to 1441.

Number of soil types: If only one soil type is simulated, then P(2881,NRG)
can be reduced to P(1441,NRG) where NRG is the number of rain gages.

Number of routing intervals: The limit on the number of routing intervals

(1442) can be changed by redimensioning the Q, R, FLW, FLAT, and FUP arrays to
the desired limit. The value of NDTS (see line A 480 in Attachment G) should also
be set to the desired limit. The maximum number of routing intervals needed by
the model can be determined by finding the maximum value of

(KS - KE + 1)'(PTIME/DT)

for a storm.

Number of input-hydrograph values: If an input-hydrograph point (segment

type 10) is not used, QIH(2881) can be redimensioned as QIH(l). No other
changes are necessary.

The execution time for DR3M is a function of many variables and no simple
rule can be stated. In general, however, a flow routing run will require more
time than an optimization run. The time for a routing run will depend very
much on the number of segments, the number of events routed, the length of each
event, the size of At, and the flow routing solution method that is selected.
When setting up an input data deck, it is wise to keep all these factors in
mind and to strive for efficiency. By making an effort to re-use model segments
where possible, and limiting the length each event is routed to only what is
necessary, it is usually possible to realize significant savings.

64
 JCL Information for Geological Survey Computer

The load module for DR3M has been stored in the partitioned data set
AG4254J.URBAN.LMOD under member name J347. It resides on WRD system disk
CCD810. To execute the program on the USGS Amdahl^-/ computer, use the
JCL cards shown in figure 7.

Where

FT05F001 is a card reader,

FT06F001 is a printer,
FT25F001 is a temporary work file for segment discharge data,
FT26F001 is a temporary work file for unit discharge data,
FT28F001 is a temporary work file for unit rainfall data from gage 1,
FT29F001 is a temporary work file for unit rainfall data from gage 2, and
FT30F001 is a temporary work file for unit rainfall data from gage 3.

Files 26 to 30 are sequential files on magnetic disk and are used for
temporary storage during program execution. The space defined in figure 7 for
these files is sufficient to provide storage for any possible run, with the
program's present dimensions. File 25 is a direct-access file. It requires
special attention when setting up JCL for a DR3M run.

Disk Storage of Segment Discharge Data

During flow routing runs, discharge hydrographs from each model segment
must be temporarily stored. Storage is by means of a direct access file. The
direct access rather than sequential organization is necessary because file
records are accessed in a nonconsecutive sequence that is defined by the ordering
and re-using of segments.

The direct access data set is defined by a DEFINE FILE statement in the
program and by the FT25 card in the JCL string. The DEFINE FILE statement and
the FT25 card each indicate the amount of space that is required to store the
data set. The form of the DEFINE FILE statement is as follows:

DEFINE FILE 25(JRECDS,480,L,IRECD)

where JRECDS is the number of records in the data set and 480 is the number of
bytes (characters) per record. Parameters L and IRECD are standard descriptors
and do not vary. The 25 establishes the connection between the program and the
FT25 card in the JCL.

The program (Subroutine FILES) contains many DEFINE FILE statements of the
form given above with JRECDS defined between 50 and 10,000. This range of record
numbers is provided to accoraodate users that might have very different storage

21
The use of brand names in this report is for identification purposes only
and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

65
 //xxxxxxxx JOB (xxxxxxxxx , DR3M,-,-),' xxxxxxxxxx ',CLASS=x
// EXEC PGM=J347,REGION=370K
//STEPLIB DD DSN=AG4254J.URBAN.LMOD,DISP=SHR
//FT06F001 DD SYSOUT=A,DCB=(RECFM=FBA,LRECL=133 , BLKSIZE=3458)
//FT25F001 DD UNIT=SYSDK,DISP=( , PASS),DCB=DSORG=DA,
SPACE=(480,(?????,10),RLSE)
//FT26F001 DD UNIT=SYSDK,DISP=(,PASS),
SPACE=(11520,(60,10),RLSE)
//FT28F001 DD UNIT=SYSDK,DISP=(,PASS),
SPACE=(11520,(60,10),RLSE)
//FT29F001 DD UNIT=SYSDK,DISP=(,PASS),
SPACE=(11520,(60,10),RLSE)
//FT30F001 DD UNIT=SYSDK,DISP=(,PASS),
SPACE=(11520,(60,10),RLSE)
//FT05F001 DD *

INPUT DATA CARDS FOR DR3M PROGRAM

Figure 7. JCL to execute DR»M on Geological Survey computer.

66
requirements. The model selects the appropriate DEFINE FILE statement for each
run. However, the user is responsible to specify the value of JRECDS on the
FT25 card in the JCL. For a particular model run, JRECDS on the FT25 card
defines the number of records available for storing segment hydrographs. In
order that JRECDS be compatible with the DEFINE FILE statements in subroutine
FILES, it should be greater than or equal to the number of records specified
in the DEFINE FILE statement.

For an optimization run, no storage on FT25 is required so JRECDS in the

JCL on the FT25 card can be set equal to the minimum value of 50. For a routing
run the number of records required for storage (NRECDS) can be computed from
the following formula:

NRECDS = INTEGER NSEG

where

T = the total routing time of the longest storm in minutes (with routing
time defined by (KE - KS -f 1)-PTIME)

NSEG = the number of model segments

At = the routing time step, in minutes

JRECDS is determined by rounding up the number of records to the nearest 100

if less than 500, or to the nearest 500 if greater than 500.

It is not necessary for the user to solve the above equation because it is
computed for each storm by the model and included in the output under the
heading "Records required for routing." The necessary value of JRECDS then
corresponds to the maximum of these values among the storms routed and rounded
up as previously described. Alternatively, and to simplify matters, it is
recommended that JRECDS be set to 1000 for most runs. The model user should
still inspect the model output and increase this value of JRECDS if necessary.

Semipermanent Storage of Segment Discharge Data

The above information on computing JRECDS applies to most applications of

DR3M. However, if DR3M is to be linked with a distributed DR3M-QUAL run, then
the segment discharge data must be stored semipermanently on disk. JRECDS in
this case is first computed as the sura of the values of NRECDS for each storra
to be routed. That is, the values output by the model under the heading "Records
required for routing" should be summed for all storms to be routed. This number
plus 3 (to allocate space for a header array) is then rounded to the nearest
100 if less than 500 or to the nearest 500 if greater than 500. The first
reference to the data set will take the following form:

//FT25F001 DD DSN=*Azzzzzz.aaaaaaaa,DISP=(NEW,CATLG),UNIT=3330-1,

V0L=SER=CCD810,SPACE=(480,(?????,10),RLSE),DCB=DS0RG=DA

67
where

zzzzzz are the six characters of an account name

aaaaaaaa is any 1 to 8 character name used to designate the

name of the data set

????? is the JRECDS parameter that defines the number of

records required for storage

This JCL will store the data set on WRD disk CCD810. Once established,
subsequent accessing of the data set will require modifying the underlined
parameters in the above JCL. The FT25 card will then read:

//FT25F001 DO DSN=Azzzzzz.aaaaaaaa,DISPOLD

A semipermanent data set will remain on magnetic disk until it is destroyed

(erased) by the user. It is an important responsibility of the user to keep
track of data sets and destroy them when they are no longer needed. To destroy'
a data set, simply execute the following job.

//EXEC PGM=IEFBR14
//DD1 DD DSN=Azzzzzz.aaaaaaaa,DISP=(OLD,DELETE)
/*
//

A computer program that will output the attributes of a semipermanently

stored data set is shown in figure 8.

JPUN on Card Group 1

JPUN on card group 1 should normally be left blank. However, it may be

desired to obtain the outlet hydrographs simulated by DR3M for a subsequent
lumped DR3M-QUAL run or other applications. This can be achieved by setting
JPUN to the file where the outlet hydrographs are to be stored and to include
a card in the JCL to define the sequential file where the values are to be
stored. The outlet hydrograph will then be stored in the format of card
group 9 except the discharge data will be output as 12F5.1 rather than 12F5.0.
The outlet hydrographs can be output as punched cards by setting JPUN=7
and adding the following card to the JCL.

//FT07F001 DD SYSOUT=B,DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=3200)

This assumes the typical convention of assigning file 7 to the card punch. If
a different file is assigned to the card punch, then JPUN and the 07 on the JCL
card should be set to this file number.

68
C PR03HAM TO READ HEADER ARRAY CREATED 3V JSGS 9AINFALL RJNOFF MODEL 10
C 20
INTEGER HEADl<120),HEAD2<60t2)«BD<3)«E!H3),HEA03(60) 30
DATA IFILE/25/ 40
FILE 25<3»490«LtIRECD) 50
60
I«ECD«1 70
*E4D (IFILEMRECD) HEAD1 .HEAD2.HEAD3 80
3D(3)»HEAD1(20)/10000 90
9D(1)»(HEAD1(20)/100)-(B>(3>*100) 100
3D<2)«HEADK20)-<BD<3)»10000)-<BDU)MOO) 110
EDO)«HEAD1(21)/10000 120
EO(1)«(HEAD1(21>'100)-(ED(3)»100) 130
ED(i)«HEADl(21)-(E9(3)*10000)-(ED<l)»100> 140
<«HEAD1<18) 150
<K«HEAD1(17) 160
170
(6.1?) ME4D1 (I) .I«l. 19) , (3DU) .1*1.3) . (ED(I) ,1*1.3) 180
N«K*21 190
rfRITE (6.13) MEADHJ)*J«22«N) 200
riRITE (6.U) 210
90 11 I«1«KK 220
3DO)«HEAD3(I)/10000 230
9D(1)«(HEAD3(I)/100)-(80(3)*100) 240
90(2)«HEAD3(I)-(9D(3)«10000)-(9D(1)«100) 250
11 -RITE (6.15) I.83.HEAD?(I.1).HEAO?(I,2) 260
270
C 280
12 FORMAT (ini.*4H * HEADER RECORDS FROM RUNOFF FILE * *, / 290
1 STREAMFLOM STATION NUMBER -t2A+t/t!74 STATION NAME - 13A+t//.3 300
?OH MUMBER OF RECORDS IN FILE * I6«'t27H DUMBER OF STORM EVEMTS 310
1* tI3t/t23H NUMBER OF SEGMENTS .I3./.30HI TIME INCREMENT IN SEC 320
4DNDS « .I5./.38H BEGINNING DATE 0'! SIMULATION * ,I2.1H/,I2fl 330
ENDING DATE OF SIMULATION t!2« 1H/, 12. IH/t I2t//t 13H 340
A SEGMENT ID ) 350
13 FORMAT <SX*A+) 360
14 FORMAT (1HU//.72H STORM NUMBER 9ATE STARTING RECORD NUM 370
1*ER NUMBER OF VALUES ) 380
15 FORMAT (/,7X,I2,8X.I2.1H/,I2,1H/.I?,11X,I5.16X,I7) 390
END 400-

Figure 8. Computer program to read header array of semipermanent data set.

69
 Considerations for Other Computer Systems

With the exception of the plotting routine and the direct access files, the
program will run on most computers with sufficient core storage. The plotting
routine included in the program listing (Attachment G) is IBM-System dependent.
This plotting routine can be eliminated by removing lines AF 40 through AF 330
from subroutine PLT and removing subroutine PRPLOT (lines AG 10 through AG 2000).

Subroutine FILES contains the DEFINE FILE statements for the direct access
file. Since the direct access file organization is often unique to a particular
computer system, subroutine FILES may require reprogramming if the program is
used at a computer system other than the USGS. On an IBM system the program
will only compile without revision on the FORTRAN G level compiler because of
the use of multiple DEFINE FILE statements. To the authors' knowledge the
only other extension beyond the ANSI standard is the use of mixed-mode expressions
and the T format code.

70
 ATTACHMENT D

CHANGES TO CONVERT AN INPUT DATA DECK FROM THE 1978 VERSION

Despite the many changes to the computer program, changes to the input
requirements of DR3M since its original release in 1978 have been kept to a
minimum. In order to convert a data deck that works on the 1978 version to
one that works on the present version, the following changes are needed:

Card Group 12

If two soil types are simulated, E0 should be changed from 14 to 13.

Card Group 13

Parameter number 7 is now EAC and parameter number 14 is no longer used.

The parameter DRN is no longer input to the program, but is instead always set
within the program to 1.0.

Card Group 14

Remember, parameter number 7 is now EAC and parameter number 14 has been
dropped.

Card Group 15

The parameter DT is restricted to the values listed in the discussion of

this card group. The parameter 0SI is no longer used and should be replaced
by a value for RAT.

Card Group 16

Segment types 15 and 16 are no longer allowed. The meaning of segment

types 1 and 3 has been changed. The meaning of PARAM(I,J), J=l,2 has changed
for many of the segment types.

Card Group 19

The model parameter IPL has been removed from card group 19.

Card Group 22

Card group 22 is now used to indicate which storms are to be plotted.

Card Group 23

Card group 23 is the old card group 22.

Card Group 24

Card group 24 is the old card group 23 except the format for IC0DE and
JJJ has been changed.

The above changes are only those that are necessary to make an old input
data deck compatible with the new version of the program. There are also
additional changes that can be made to make use of new capabilities in the model.
These can be identified by closely examining the data input specifications in
Attachment A.

71
 ATTACHMENT E

EXAMPLE OF SIMPLIFIED SEGMENTATION

Figure 9 shows a hypothetical watershed divided into eight subareas

contributing to six channels and table 5 lists some of their characteristics.
One possible segmentation of this watershed is shown in figure 9B. Note
that subareas 1 to 4 have all been labeled as FP01, subareas 5 and 6 have
both been labeled as FP02, subareas 7 and 8 have been labeled as FP03, and
Cl and C2 have both been labeled as CH01. These simplifications reduce the
total number of segments from 14 to 8. However, because FP02 has considerable
pervious area, it has been decided to divide that segment into a pervious
and impervious portion, labeled PP02 and IP02, respectively. This results in
nine segments. Some of the data needed on the segment characteristics card
(card group 16) have been listed in table 6.

Any potential user of DR3M should be sure to understand table 6. Note

that channel segment CH01 was used twice. This occurred because in both places
it was used with the same upstream (e.g., none) and lateral segments (e.g.,
FPOl twice). Note also that CH01 is listed twice in table 6 as an upstream
segment of CH02.

The length of CH01 was computed as the average length of Cl and C2. All
other channel segment lengths remained the same as their counterparts in figure
9A. The lengths of the overland-flow segments were computed using equations 25
and 26. The computations for each of these lengths are as follows:

Length of FPOl = 9130 + 9210 + 9700 + 9460 = 75 ft

2(125) + 2(125)

Length of PP02 = 24960 + 45600 = 126 ft

2(200) + 160

Length of IP02 = Length of PP02

Length of FP03 = 11080 + 10920 = 100 ft

2(50) + 2(60)

Effective imperviousness values were determined by weighting the effective

imperviousness of each of the subareas comprising an overland-flow segment by
area. For example,

Effective imperviousness of FP03 =

(0.75)(11080) + (0.81)(10920) = 0 .780

22000

72
 EXPLANATION
Direction of flow
C4 Channel 4
7 Subarea 2
Subarea boundary
Channel
CH02 Channel segment 2
FP03 Overland-flow segment 3

BASIN
OUTLET

BASIN
OUTLET

Figure 9. Example of simplified segmentation,

73
Likewise, the area-weighted effective iraperviousness of FP02 was 0.224. However,
overland-flow plane FP02 was subdivided into a pervious (PP02) and impervious
(IP02) segment. This was achieved by setting PARAM (1,1) and PARAM (1,2) to
their special values as described in the input specifications for card group 16.

Table 5. Example subarea and channel characteristics

Subarea Characteristics

Subarea Area, in Percent effective

numbe r square feet imperviousness

1 9,130 62
2 9,210 75
3 9,700 70
4 9,460 85
5 24,960 25
6 45,600 21
7 11,080 75
8 10,920 81

Channel Characteristics

Channel Length, in
number feet

Cl 120
C2 130
C3 200
C4 50
C5 60
C6 160

74
 Table 6. Example segment characteristics for card group 16

Upstream Adjacent Length, PARAM PARAM

Segment segments segments in feet (1,1) (1,2)

FP01 75 1.0 .731

PP02 126 .776 0.0

IP02 126 .224 1.0

FP03 100 1.0 .780

CH01 FP01 FP01 125

CH02 CH01 CH01 PP02 PP02 IP02 IP02 200

CH03 FP03 FP03 50

CH04 CH03 FP03 FP03 60

CH05 CH02 CH04 PP02 IP02 160 __ _

75
 ATTACHMENT F

DEFINITIONS OF SELECTED VARIABLES

(A) Alphanumeric, (I) Integer, (R) Real

ALPHA Array of a's for segments. (R)

ALPADJ A routing parameter that is used to adjust the ALPHA array. (R)

AP Excess precipitation per minute on impervious area of a segment. (R)

AMAX Array of maximum cross-sectional areas of flow from segments. (R)

BDY Beginning day of record. (I)

BM0 Beginning month of record. (I)

BMS Base soil-moisture storage. (R)

BMSN Maximum value of BMS. (R)

BYR Beginning year of record (last two digits). (I)

B3 Indicator of continuing parameter adjustment (0 continuing,

1 terminated). (I)

CHG Indicator of whether rain occurred in preceeding time interval

or not (0 Yes, 1 No). A 1 requires re-evaluation of PS. (I)

CN Card sequence number for various data types. (I)

C0DE Identifier of data type. (I)

C0RF Time interval of rainfall-excess computations, in minutes, assigned

as follows:

If PTIME < 5.0 rain., C0RF = 1.0

If 5.0 rain. _< PTIME < 15.0 min. , C0RF = 5.0
If PTIME _> 15.0 min., C0RF = 15.0. (R)

DA1 Effective impervious area of watershed. (R)

DA2 Noneffective impervious area of watershed. (R)

DA3 Pervious area of watershed. (R)

CT Recording interval of unit data, in minutes. (I)

DA Drainage area of basin, in square miles. (R)

DATE Julian date relative to January 1, 1901. (I)

DATERF Julian date for beginning of record. (I)

76
DATERL Julian date for end of record. (I)

DE Array containing daily evaporation data. (R)

DELTAT Time interval, in fraction of an hour, for reservoir routing. (R)

DEL5 Number of C0RF-minute intervals in unit-time interval. (I)

DIMP A two-dimensional array of drainage areas. (R)

DIMP(NRGI,1) is total effective impervious area covered by

rain gage NRGI
DIMP(NRGI,2) is total effective impervious area covered by
rain gage NRGI on subbasins of soil type 2
DIMP(NRG1+3,1) is pervious area covered by rain gage NRGI on
subbasins of soil type 1.
DIMP(NRGI+3,2) is pervious area covered by rain gage NRGI on
subbasins of soil type 2.
DIMP(NRG1+6,1) is noneffective impervious area covered by
rain gage NRGI on subbasins of soil type 1.
DIMP(NRGI+6,2) is noneffective impervious area covered by
rain gage NRGI on subbasins of soil type 2.

DP Array containing daily precipitation data. (R)

DT (a) Time interval (At) used in finite-difference calculations,

in minutes. (R)

(b) Three-dimensional array of interim drainage areas used in

calculation of DT's. (R)

DTS Time interval (At) used in finite-difference calculations,

in seconds. (R)

DX Array of length intervals (Ax), in ft, used in finite-

difference calculations. (R)

DY Day of observed record. (I)

EAC Adjustment factor for effective impervious area. (R)

EC0MP Parameter to indicate number of C0RF-minute interval during

routing. (R)

EDY Ending day of record. (I)

EM Array of m's for segments. (R)

EM0 Ending month of record. (I)

E0 Number of infiltration parameters. (I)

EP Excess precipitation per minute on pervious area. (R)

77
EPSLN Step size for parameter and adjustment at beginning of each stage
in optimization. (R)

EVC Pan coefficient. (R)

EYR Ending year of record (last two digits). (I)

FLGTH Array of segment flow lengths. (R)

FLW Array of outflows from a segment in ft^/s. (R)

F0 Number of parameters to be adjusted. (I)

FPK Array of measured peaks for storm events, in ft^/s. (R)

FR Infiltration rate, in inches per C0RF-minutes. (R)

FRN Array of friction coefficients for segments. (R)

FV0L Array of measured volumes for storm events, in inches. (R)

G Array containing lower limits of infiltration parameters. (R)

H Array containing upper limits of parameters. (R)

IC0DE Indicator for termination of input-hydrograph data for a flood

event (1 termination, 0 continuing). (I)

ICNT Counter for PTIME-minute intervals. (I)

ICT Counter for DT-minute intervals. (I)

IKYD Array containing indicator of whether or not storm event has an

input hydrograph (1 Yes, 0 No). (I)

IJK C0RF-minute interval within sequence of days at which a storm

ends. (I)

IJKS C0RF-minute interval within sequence of days at which a storm

starts. (I)

IK Identifier of PTIME-minute interval within a storm. (I)

ILAT Array of lateral inflow segments into indexed downstream segment (A)

IMP Maximum impervious retention depth, in inches. (R)

IMPRET Array of C0RF-minute incremental depths added to impervious

retention, in inches. (R)

IMPST0 Array of impervious retention storage for rain gages during

previous time interval, in inches. (R)

78
IPL Array containing Indicator of whether or not outflow from the
drainage basin is to be plotted for a storm. (1 Yes, 0 No). (I)

IPR Array of indicators of outflow hydrograph printing for segments

(1 print outflow hydrograph, 0 do not print outflow hydrograph).
(I)

1PRNT Number of DT's (At) in C0RF minutes. (I)

ISEG Alphanumeric Identifier for segment. (A.)

ITYPE Array of segment types. (1)

UP Array of upstream inflow segments into indexed downstream

segment. (A)

IW Counter for days during simulation. (1)

JLAT Array of lateral inflow segments which have been renumbered

from ILAT to correspond to ISEG identifications. (1)

JUP Array of upstream inflow segments which have been renumbered

from IUP to correspond to ISEG identifications. (I)

KE Ending unit time interval for storm. (I)

KINIT (a) Indicator for calling subroutine INIT to initialize segment

(1 Yes, 0 No).

(b) Consecutive storm day. (I)

KNN Number of storm events used In optimization. (I)

K0UT Indicator of whether or not storm is to be routed (1 Yes,

0 No). (I)

KPSET Array of soil types for segments (1 soil type 1, 2 soil type
2). (I)

KR Indicator of whether or not precipitation has occurred yet

during a storm (1 Yes, 0 No). (I)

KS (a) Starting unit-time interval for storm.

(b) Array of segments which are not overland-flow segments. (I)

KSAT Effective hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil. (R)

KSEG Array of segments ordered in downstream order. (I)

Kl Array of beginning times of detailed storms. (I)

K2 Array of ending times of detailed storms. (I)

79
LEAP Indicator of leap year (1 Yes, 0 No). (I)

M0 Month of observed record. (I)

N (a) Dummy variable used for boundary in finite-difference

calculations.

(b) Indicator of whether segment has an upstream segment which

has not been sequenced in downstream order yet (1 Yes,
0 No). (I)

ND Number of C0RF-minute intervals in a day. (I)

NDATE Array of storm dates. (I)

NDELS Number of unit time intervals in a day. (I)

NDX (a) Number of intervals (Ax) for finite-difference routing. (I)

(b) Number of points in storage-outflow relationship for a

modified-Puls detention reservoir.

NF Array of number of storms in the sequence of days containing

a given storm. (I)

NFE Array of ending C0RF-minute intervals for storms. (I)

NFS Array of starting C0RF-minute intervals for storms. (I)

NK Total number of iterations in an optimization round. (I)

N0FE Number of storm events. (I)

N0PT1 Indicator of whether or not daily rainfalls are to be modified

for irrigation (1 Yes, 0 No). (I)

N0UD Array containing sequence date for I-th day of unit discharge,
I = 1,...,NUDD. (I)

N0UP Array containing sequence date of I-th day of unit precipi-

tation, I = 1,...,NUPD. (I)

N0UT Maximum number of consecutive storm days allowed by dimensions

of program. (I)

N08 Number of modified-Puls detention reservoir segments. (I)

N09 Ten + the number of linear-storage detention reservoir

segments. (I)

NPAR Number of soil types. (I)

NRG Number of rain gages. (I)

80
NSD Number of storm sequences. (I)

NSEG Number of segments. (I)

NU Counter for consecutive storm days. (I)

NUDD Number of days of unit discbarge. (I)

NUPD Number of days of unit rainfall, (1)

0PT Option to read in storm volumes. (A)

0PTI0N Option to list data (0PTI0N = LIST all unit and daily data
are printed, (A)

0PTN0 Array containing subscripts to identify parameters to be adjusted

in round of optimization. (1)

0SI Surcbarging indicator. (R)

02 Array of outflows in outflow-storage relationsbip for modified-

Puls detention reservoir segments. (R)

Array of excess precipitation during C0RF-minute intervals from

eacb rain gage. (R)

PARAM Pair of parameters for a segment. (R)

P0BS Array of measured rainfall volumes for storm events. (R)

PS Product of capillary suction and moisture differential at

wetting front. (R)

PSP Minimum effective magnitude of PS for soil type 1 (occurs at

field capacity, BMS=BMSN). (R)

PSP2 Minimum effective magnitude of PS for soil type 2, (R)

PTIME Time increment for unit data, in minutes. (R)

Q Array of times for plotting. (R)

QII1 Array of input-bydrograpb discbarges. (R)

QMX Peak flow during a storm. (R)

QR (a) Excess rainfall in C0RF-minute interval.

(b) Baseflow. (R)

QSUM Sum of upstream inflows to segment. (R)

QSUML Sum of lateral inflows to segment. (R)

81
QUP Upstream inflow. (R)

R Array of discharges for plotting. (R)

RAT Ratio of pervious area + noneffective impervious area to pervious

area. (R)

RC0EF Array of Theissen coefficients for segments. (R)

RGF Ratio of maximum PS (at wilting point) to minimum PS (at field

capacity) for soil type 1. (R)

RGF2 Ratio of maximum PS to minimum PS for soil type 2. (R)

RITE Indicator of progress in parameter adjustment (0 continuing,

1 end of stage in optimization). (I)

R0DYS Number of days from start to end of record. (I)

RR Ratio of daily infiltration to daily rainfall for soil type

1. (R)

RR2 Ratio of daily infiltration to daily rainfall for soil type

2. (R)

SFPK. Array containing maximum simulated discharge for storm events,

in cubic feet per second. (R)

SFV0L Array containing simulated runoff volume for storm events, in

basin inches. (R)

SL0PE Array of segment slopes. (R)

SMAX Array of maximum storage during a flood event for detention

reservoirs. (R)

SMS Soil moisture storage in saturated zone (volume of infiltration

during period). (R)

SR C0RF-minute rainfall supply rate to pervious surfaces (adjusted

for contribution from noneffective impervious surfaces). (R)

SRP C0RF-minute rainfall supply rate to effective impervious

surfaces. (R)

S2 Array of storages in outflow-storage relationship for modified-

Puls detention reservoir segments. (R)

T Time in finite-difference routing. (R)

TESTN0 Array containing indicator of whether or not storm event is

used in computing objective function (1 Yes, 0 No). (I)

82
TRYCT Iteration count for set of parameters. (I)

UD Array containing unit discharge data. (R)

UPD Sequence date of unit rainfall. (I)

UPR Array containing storm precipitation data. (R)

V0LI Furnished volume of storra runoff, in inches. (R)

W Counter for day of record. (I)

WX Weighting factor on space derivative for kinematic routing with

implicit finite difference solution method. (R)

X Array containing magnitudes of infiltration parameters. (R)

XMAX Value of abscissa at the rightmost grid line. (R)

XMIN Value of abscissa at the leftmost grid line. (R)

YMAX Value of ordinate at the uppermost grid line. (R)

YMIN Value of ordinate at the lowermost grid line. (R)

YN Array containing cumulative number of days counted from

January 1, 1901, at end of preceding year. (I)

YR Year (last two digits). (I)

83
 ATTACHMENT G

PROGRAM LISTING

84
 10
20
J347--DISTRIBUTED ROUTINS RAIMFALL-^UNOFF MODEL 30
2) 40
50
60
INTEGER EO.FO.a 70
INTEGER HEA01U2n) ,HEA02(bO,2) ,HEA03(SO) 80
INTEGER STAD1,STAD,NF(60) ,NFE(60) »NF5(60) ,TESTNO(60) 90
REAL IMP.IMPRET,IM3STO,IM2,I5E6»IU!»»I i.AT»P36S(60,3) 100
DIMENSION! <1 (60) » <2(60) 110
COMMON /Cl/ MSEG»I5E3(99) ,IU 3 <99,3) , MPAR,K:»SET(99) , IMETH(99) 180
COMMON /C2/ STAD1»5TAO A 130
COMM3N /C3/ IPRNT,T,AH(11) «3 ff L(60) *F_GTH(99) ,KSE6(99) Q2 A 140
150
COMM3N /C4/ OEL5,I ) I TEST(99),I TYPE(99),JLAT 160
1 (99,*) , JJ°(99,3) ,P (?881,3),PARAM(99,?),RCOEF(99,3)»U 3 R(8643) 170
COMMON /Cb/ ALPHA ( 99)»EM(99),FRM(99),3MAX(99).SLOPE(99)»ALPADJ 180
COMMON /Cb/ DT,DTS OJP,DX(99),°5JM(1?0»3),SFVOL(60),SF DI<(60) 190
COMMON /C7/ ECOMP, <IMIT,MOUT,NR3»OSI « J»U>J, <I N»'AT ,OA 1 ,DA?,DA3 200
COMMON /Cfc/ T1»I<» TQYCT,<OUT(150),IHYD(150),PTIME,ND,0JTVOL(60) A 210
COMMON /Dl/ ")P(731 0),RODVS»N5D,IJNIT,MOYS»MOTS»ICK(60) A 220
COMMON /El/ TMPRFT A 230
COMMON /E2/ SMAX (9 9),IN?,S?0?(99),AL3«OTSX,XEM,YEM,IMDE,rfX,METH A 240
COMMON /E3/ OELTAT MOdfUS(ll) ,I33,I43-,U,QIH(2881) ,QlN a T(60) A 250
COMMON /Ew 4V (Y9» 10),S1(99,10),C1(99,10) A 260
COMMON /1-5/ S2(99, 10) ,S< 99, If)) ,C(99, 10) A 270
COMMON / C l / ICT,0( 150) A 280
COMMON / P 2/ Lrt ( 14 A 290
COMMON /F3/ IFILE, A 300
A 310
/Zl/ R3»DA,£0»FO»N<»>n»NO»lMP,<NN»N39«O a T»lOUT(2),NDAY,NDEL A 320
A 330
ft(?00),0(14),F.(14),F(14),3(40),H(40),U(3),3 c>TNO(14) A 340
COMMON /Z3/ <!,*?,^F,NFE,NFS»P33S»TE5TM3 A 350
COMMON /I 1*/ ")F ( 731 0 ) ,UO ( ?Hfll ) , X2 ( 1«>) , OIM 3 ( 9, 2) ,FPK (60) »F\/OL ( 60) A 360
1R(99) « IND? (45) , IRES ( 30) , VJOUO(150) ,\JOATE(SO,3) ,X(40) ,3F»IEAC A 370
DATA 380
390
400
410
SEQUFMTT&L FILE A 420
A 430
A 440
5tT ARRAY . A 450
A 460
A 470
A 4RO
IN<ITIALI7F ARRAYS FHR DIRECT ACCESS FILE A 490
00 11 A 500

85
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 °TIME*100. A1010
CALL PLT(Q.R.N.l»Y«<AX) A1020
WRIT? (6.2*) A1030
IF «.£Q.l) WRITE (6.25) . A1040
IF K.iQ.?) WRITE (6.26) A1050
19 COMTI^JE A1060
IF (JPERM.EQ.O) STD» A1070
IF J»ERM=1, STORE ANO OJTPUT HEADER ARRAYS A1080
WRITE (6.2?) A1090
MS-0 A1100
30 20 I = 1,><OFE A1110
IF «OJT(I) .FQ.O) 30 TD 20 AH20
MS=NS+1 A1130
WRITE (6.23) I, (MDATE(I.III) .111=1.3) ,HEAD?(MS.l) .HEAD2(NS.2) A1UO
20 CONTIMJE A1150
HEA01 (16)=MRECDS A1160
HEAOl (17)=NSTRMS A1170
IWECD=1 A1180
WRITE (IFI.FMRECD) 1EAD1 .HEAD2. -IEAD1 A1190
A1200
A1210
21 FORMAT iox« ? SEOLOGICAL S'jRVEY.9x,i A1220
1 2X * A1230
3/ A1240
22 FORMAT (H1.32H »»»»» ^UMOFF FILES STORED »»»»»/lHO . 1 7HSTORM NO. A1250
1 OATE.5X.34HSTARTI>J3 RECORD ^jMBE^i OF VALUES) A12SO
23 FORMAT (I5.IR,1M/,I?,H/,I?,7X.I5.13X.I5) A1270
24 FORMAT (IbX.SOHPLOT OF M?AS.(HD^IZ. »XIS» tfERSjS SlM.(V/ERT. AXIS)) A12BO
25 FORMAT (16X,7HVOLU*IFS) A1290
2S FORMAT (16X,5HPEAKS) A1300
27 FORMAT A1310
ENO A1320-

87
 SU330JTINE 5IMUL

SUBROUTINE SIMUL 10

SIMULATION HOJTINE 30

INTE3E* HEAD1 (120) ,HEAD2(60,2) ,HEAD3(SO) 50

INTEGER RITE, W»B3, 50, FO, OPTION, T3YCT,CMG»FLAG,DEL5P»TESTNO(60) 60
INTEGER MF(60) ,NFE(60) ,NFS(60) , ROOYS , DELS* OPT, E« F, OPTNO 70
REAL I>JC2,INC.KSAT,«SAT2,KDRAIN 80
REAL SMS3(3,2) ,BMS3(3,2) »P085(60»3) 90
REAL HP.MPRET,IM3STT,IMPSTO,ISES,I JP,ILAT.IN2 100
DIMENSION <1(60), <2(60) 110
COMMON /Cl/ NSEG,ISE3(99),I J'<(99,3),M*AR,K3SET(99),mETH(99) 3 120
COMMON /C3/ IPRNT,T.AR(H) ,a-L(60) ,F_GTH(99) ,KSEG(99) ,NDX(99) ,Q2,Q 3 130
1SUMOSJML,STO(99) 3 140
COMMON /C4/ )EL5.I5VEt3C*(,.'3LAT,ILAT09,*) ,ITEST(99) »ITYPE(99) tJLAT 3 150
1 (99*4) ,JJP(99,3) *P(?881*3> * PAR AM (99.?) *RCOEF(99*3) tU=R(8643) 3 160
COMMON /C6/ -)T»OTStOJP.OK(99) ,3SJM(l?Ot3) .SFVOL(60) .SFPK(60) 3 170
COMMON /C7/ ECOMP«<INJIT«MOUT.NRG.OSI« JfUN.KlN.^AT.OAltDAa.OAS 3 ISO
COMMON /C8/ HfKf TRYCT.<OUT(150) .IHYD(150) . PTI ME.ND. 0 JTVOL ( 60 ) 3 190
COMMON /Ol/ 3P17310) »HOOYS.N5D.I JN I T , ^DYS. MDTSt ICK (60 ) 3 2f>0
COMMON /El/ IMPRFTd) ,I*13STO(3) 3 210
COMMON /E2/ SMAX (99) , I N? , S?0? ( 99 ) » 4L 3 '. DTSX , XEM, YEM. I MDEt *X, METH 3 220
COMMON /E3/ OELTAT.M08«QS<11) .I33.I43*! J,OH(2881) tQlN«»T(60) 3 230
COMMON /FI / TCTtO(U42) .R(U*2) .IPLU50) .K< 3 240
COMMON /F2/ FL«( 144?) »f|.AT(1442) ,FJO(1^4?) q 250
COMMON /P\*/ IFILEt IFILEU. IFI.EO.J^ECD6,IRECD»N9ECOS«HEAD1,HEAD2. HE 3 260
lAD3,MSTRMb, 3 270
COMMON /Zl/ M0» I MP, <NNf N09.Q3T, IOUT ( 2) .NDAYtNOEL 3 280
IS, NOPE. NJOD,3DEL»RlTE.OEL50,iP5LN»OPrlON. CORF 3 290
COMMON /Z2/ A (200) ,0(14) ,E(14) ,^(14) ,3(40) ,H(40) »U(3) 0«>TNO(14) 3 300
COMMON /Z3/ <1,K?,^P,NPE,NFS,P03S,TE5TNO 3 310
COMMONj /Z4/ OE (731 n ) ,UO (?R81 ) , X? ( 1<S) ,OIM 3 (9,2) ,F»K (60) ,FVOL (60) » IP 3 3?0
1^(99) ,IMDO (4S)fI»E5(30) ,XOLP(150) , NO ATE ( ^0 , 3) , K ( 40 ) , OF, IE AC 3 330
DATA F.A3/1/ 3 340
INITIALIZE 3 350
Jl=0.f) 3 360
J2=0.0 3 370
3 3HO
NO?=NO-E*NOFF 3 390
00 1 IsltMOFT 3 400
OUT\/DL(I)=0.0 3 *10
SFVOL(I)=0.0 3 420
DO J N-<GI = 1. 3 430
00 2 1=1, NO? 3 440
3 *50
COMTTNJE 3 460
11=1 3 470
3 480
3MS=0.0 3 490
CHG=1 3 500

88
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 S'J3*OJTINE S11UL

<INIT*1 31510
IF (NSSA.Ea.l) GO TO 23 91520
DO 16 1*1,ICT 31530
FLAT(I)*0.0 31540
16 FUP(I)=0.0 31550
00 19 J«l,4 315SO
IF (JL*T(K<,J)) 19,19,17 81570
17 JJ = JLAT(«,J) 31580
IRECD*^STRCO*NRPSE3»(JJ-1) 31590
READ (IFILE'IRECO) (FL«H I) 1*1 ICT) 91600
DO 1R Isl,lCT 31610
Ifl FLAT(I)*FLAT(I)*FL<<(I» 31620
19 CONTINJE 31630
00 22 J=l,3 31640
IF (JlP(«,J)) 22,??,20 31650
20 JJ=JUP(K<,J) 31660
IRECDs^STRCD*NRPSE3#(JJ-l) 31670
REAJ (IFILEMRECD) (FLrf (I) 1*1 ICT) 31680
DO 21 1*1,ICT 31690
31700
22 CONTINJE 31710
23 CONTINJE 31720
IKaKKIl) 31730
140*0 31740
31750
31760
IF (MF11.GT.O) GO TO 25 31770
IF (lTrPE«K).LT.5) 30 TD 25 31780
IF (ITrPE«K) .GT.6) SO TD ?5 31790
DO 24 MR3I*l,NRG 31800
24 31810
ROJTE FOR EACH TIME 5T£° 31820
25 DO 29 I=IJ<S,IJK 31830
IF (ITVPE«K) ,LT.5.0-<.ITrPE«K) .3T.6) 30 T") 28 31840
CALCULATE IMPC«</IOJ5 RETENTIDM 31850
DO 27 MRSIsUNRG 31860
IF (IM^STOtmGI) ,E3.IM«>) GO TO 2S 31370
31880
IMPSTTsMP5TT(NWGI) * JPR ( 1 2) /DEL5/3. 31890
IF <IM=STT.GT 31900
IMPKET(NRGI) s 31910
IMPSTO(NRGI)=IMPSTT 31920
GO TO 27 31930
26 IMP*PT(N*GI)=0.0 31940
27 COMTIMJE 31950
»«^OUTE DVEH TIME INT. = 31960
29 CALL F«0«MI) 31970
31980
DETE^MINF OR NOT AT iND OF UNIT-TIME INTERVAL 31990
92000

91
 IF (IJ.NE.DEL5P) GO TO 29 32010
IKsK+1 B2020
OS 1 = 0.0 32030
32040
IJ=1 32050
CONTINJE B2060
IF ( JPERM.EQ.O.ANO.NSGA.EQ.NSES) GO TO 30 82070
IF (\JS3A.E3.1) NRP5ESsICT/120 + l-(l-MTMO(l 320SO
IREC r) = MST*CO+NRPSF3*(K<-l) 32090
WRITE (IFI.E'IRECD) (FL* < I ) » I s ! t ICT) 92100
MRECDS=NrfECDS+NRPSE3 32110
IF (NS3A.E3.MSEG) 30 TO 30 32120
IF (IP*«K) .EGI.O) 30 TO 31 32130
30 CALL P3FL(IJ<S«I JK,ICNT«SRV»3MX) 32UO
IF (NS3A.NE.MSE3) 30 TO 31 92150
IF (JPJN.LE.O) GO TO 31 32160
PUMCH OUT -LOW DATA 92170
LL-K1 (II) 3?180
CALL PJNCN(LL«NDATE,^DELS.CO^F,3TIME.J D UM«I1»ICNT) 3219G
31 CONTINJE 32200
COMP ITE OUTLET VOLUME 92210
OUTVOL ( ID =S=»V/VCO-F 32220
92230
E OUT MftxIMJM STORAGE IN 32240
IF (MO^.EQ.O) GO TD 33 32250
OO 3? JJ = l«Nr»fl 32260
<5=IPE5( JJ) 92270
3? WRITE (6.69) ISES«5) tIl«SMAX«5) 32290
33 IF (M09.E3.10) GO TO 35 92290
DO 34 JJJM1.N09 92300
<5=MES( JJJ) 92310
WRITE (6.69) ISFG«5) »I1 .S^AX «5) 92320
35 CONTTMJE 32330
IF <IP.(I1) .EQ.O) 30 T") 3H 92340
«» 3 LOT *» 32350
92360
IF OMX.LT.FDKU1) ) YMAX=rp< (II) 92370
CALL P_TU»P,ICNT«1, YMAX) 32390
IF (DPr.EU.l) GO TD 37 32390
JJ = 0 92400
LK=K1(I1) 92410
LJ=K?(I1) 32420
00 36 <Q=L<«LJ 92430
JJ=JJ*l 32440
^ ( JJ) = JO (*3) 92450
IF (TPVCT.3T.O) P(JJIs^JJJ)-9FL(I1) 92460
CALL p_T(a»p.iCNTt?«rHAxj 32470
37 CONTINJE 32480
CALL PUT (&i«R, ICNT, 3, YMAX) 92490
39 CONTINJE 92500

92
 SUB^OJTINE SIMUL
CO°Y SIMULATED STORM RUNOFF VOLUME AND PEAK 32510
F09 I-TH EVENT INTO STORAGE ARRAYS SFVOL AND SFPK. 32520
3CWsO« 0 32530
DO 39 i_Ksl«N3G 32540
LU*L<*3 32550
aCW=QCrf*EAC«OIMP<L<.l)»<309S<Il.LK)-IMP)»PAC«<DIMP<LJ.l)»PSUM<Il.L 82560
1<)*L)IM'(LU.2)*PSUM(I12.L<) ) 32570
IF (NFD1.E3.0) GO TO 39 32590
3C«rf=QCd+EAC»OIMP(L<«l)*IMP 32590
39 CONTINUE 32600
SFVOL (11 )*3C*/(5280.0«52*0.0»OA) 32610
SFPK(Il) = QMX 32620
IF (TFSTNO(Il) .NF.l) GO TO 40 32630
IF (SFVOL(Il) .EQ.O) 30 TO 40 B2640
IF (PVOL(Il) .EO.n.O) GO TO 40 32650
U2=U2»ALOG(SFVOL(I1) /FVO_,(I1) ) »»2 32660
40 IF OMK.EQ.O.) GO TO 41 32670
IF <FP«I1) .EQ.0.0) 30 TO 41 92680
U1=U1»ALOG(QMX/FPK(I1) )*»? 32690
41 11=11*1 32700
NFD1 sN r Dl» 1 92710
IF HAVE ANALYZED ALL EVENTS D^ SET DF EVENTS. 30 TO 716 92720
IF (NF (NFO) .ro.NFDl ) GO TO <>? 92730
IUK=IU<*1 92740
lUKSsN-S(Il) 32750
<IN = 0 32760
IF NEXT STD9M 9E3INS IMMEDIATELY A^TEP LAST STORM. KIN*! 32770
IF (lU<.Ea.IJKS.AND.'<OUT( fl-1) .E3.1) <INal 32780
30 TO 10 92790
42 NFD=NFD*NFD1-1 32800
IF <lrf.'5T.ROOYS) GO TO 6S 92810
PLAG=I 92820
NFD1=0 92930
CHG=1 B2940
** DAILY ACCOUNTING » 32950
43 INC=OW-ET* B2960
IF (NPAW.E3.?) I\jC?r3«2-ET«2 32970
00 44 IIIsl.MRG 32990
CALL OSM(SMS^( III.l).BMS9(III.l) . INC . DRN24, 3MSN) 92990
IF (NPAP.E3.?) CAL_ OSM ( SMS9 ( 1 1 1 , 2) 3MS8 < 1 1 1 . 2) . I NC2. D*N242« 3MSN2) 92900
44 COMTINJE 92910
FINISHED WITH DAY 92920
30 TO 65 92930
** DETERMINE TIME-SERIES OF RAINFALL EXCESS 92940
45 F LAG=0 32950
NF01 =N F D1 *1 32960
IF (NFD1.GT.1) GO TO 49 32970
IPPsIFJLEP 32980
IUNIT3*IU'»IT»NRG 32990
00 46 I=1.IUMIT3 33000

93
 SUBROUTINE 5IHUL

46 UPR(I)=0.0 B3010
00 *7 111=1, NRG 93020
READ <IF») K4ST.K4DAYt (U»*U).I«<4ST,<4DAY) B3030
B3040
47 CONTINJE 83050
IF (OPT. ST. 0) GO TD 48 33060
IF (TRYCT.3T.O.AND.93.EQ.O) 30 TO 48 93070
READ (IFILEO) K4DAY, (UD(I) .I*1.<4DAY) 93080
49 IF (TRYCT.EQ.O) CA.L ST03M 93090
49 00 64 MP=1.N»AR 33100
DRAIM=<D3AIN 33110
IF (MP.Ea.2) DRAIN*0*AIN2 93120
3MST=8MSN 83130
IF (NP.E3.?) BMST=3*SN2 83140
IF (*.3T.*Or>YS) 30 TO 64 93150
33160
IF (MP.EQ.?) ETDEL=PDEL»ETW2 83170
IF (MP.F3.1) 33180
93190
DO 63 111=1. MRG 93200
CHG=1 93210
<DAY=ND«(«INIT-1) *1 33220
COMPUTE SMS 9MS AREAS FO^i EACH RAlY BASE. SOIL TYPE 83230
SMS=SMSB(III.NP) B3240
BMS=BMSB<III,NP) 83250
<KK=K* (III-1)»NOUT»MOELS 33260
33270
00 6? <K=K<K.K4DAY 93280
IF (JP-iKK) .LE.0.0) 30 TO 56 33290
SRP=UP*«K)/OEL5 33300
SR=SRP»RAT 33310
IF (CHS. ME. 1) GO TO 50 33320
3E3IM COMPJTATIONJ OF I ^ ILTRft TIOY 33330
REOETERMlNi »S A^TE-i 3*EAK I M' 93340
93350
IF (NP.Ea.2) P 33360
CHG=n 33370
50 CONTIMJE 33380
OE'IME COR r -^IIM. KAIMFALL SUPPLY RATE 83390
IF (SMS.LE.0.01) RO TO 51 33400
IF SATURATED ZONE EXISTS 33410
FR=KSAT»(l.n+PS/SMS) 83420
IF (MP.F3.2) FR=<SAT2*(1.0*PS/SMS) 33430
SO TO 5? 33440
IF NO SATURATED ZOYE EXISTS 83450
51 "R=KSAT»<1.0*PS/5R) 93460
IF (NP.EQ.a) FR = KSAT2»(1. 0*o5/S-<) 33470
DETERMINE EXCESS PPT. 1^ UNIT THE 33490
52 00 55 MKL=1.0EL5 33490
IF (SR.GE.^R) GO TO 53 33500

94
 SUBROUTINE 5IMUL
QR*<5R»SR)/(?.0»FR) a3510
30 TO 54 93520
POMDED CONDITION 93530
53 9R»SR-PR/2.0 33540
54 SMS»SMS+SR-QR 93550
«DAY IS CORF-MIN. INTERVAL I Ml A DETAILED STORM 33560
«DYs«DAY 93570
IF (MP.EQ.2) KDY«KDY+1441 93580
P<KDY,III)xQR 93590
KDAY*KDAY+1 93600
SIS* NEW MDIST'JRE COMTEMT OF SATURATED ZONE 93610
FRsKSAT«(1.0+PS/SMS) 93620
55 IF (MP.E3.2) FR*KSAT2» < 1 ,0+PS/SMS) 93630
80 TO 62 93640
DELETION DP SOIL MOISTJRE BV ET OURINS UNIT-TIME 93650
INTERVALS DF NO »PT. 93660
56 CONTINJE 93670
IF (SMS.LE.ETDEL) 30 TO 57 93680
SMS*SMS-ETDEL 93690
SO TO 5<J - 93700
57 3MS=9M5*SMS-ETOEL 93710
SMS=0.0 93720
CHEC< FOR COMPLETE SDIt D«YlM6 33730
IF (3MS.LE.O.O) RM5«0.0 93740
REDISTRIBUTION OF SOIL MOIST JRE WITH FLOW FRDM 93750
SATURATED TO UMSATURATEO ZONii 33760
58 IF (SMS.LE. DRAIN) 30 TO 59 33770
SMS*SMS-ORAIM 93790
9MS*9MS+D*AIM 33790
9MS« NEW SDIL MOISTURE CDNTEMIT OF JNSATURATED ZONE 93900
80 TO SO 33910
59 3MSs3MS+SMS 93920
SMS*0.0 93930
DRAINAGE TD LOWER LYINS ZONE 33940
60 IF OMS.GT.BMST) 8MS«BMST 93850
3*£A< IN UMIT RAINFA.L 33860
CHGM 33370
MO EXCESS 'RECIPITATIOM 93880
00 61 MKL=1«^EL5 33890
<DY=<OAY 93900
IF (MP.E3.2) KDY*KDY*1441 93910
P(KDY.III)«0.0 93920
61 <DAY*KDAY*1 93930
144 CNDS RAIM 8A3E III F3« UM'IT »PT. DAY. 93940
6? CONTINJE 33950
CD1PJTE SM5 AND -5MS ="0^ ArtEA5 COVERED 9Y EAC-« RAIN GAGE 93960
SMS8(III»N»)*SMS 93970
93990
149 ENDS UMIT . DAY , 33990
63 CONTINJE 94000

95
 SUBROUTINE 5IMUL

64 CONTINJE 84010
147 ENDS A.L DAYS* rf* UROOY5 84020
65 CONTINJE B4030
IF <3PT.Ei).O.AND.TRYCT.E3.0) REMIND 1'ILED 84040
00 66 IIIsl.NRG 94050
IFPsIFILEP*III-l 94060
REWIND IFF 84070
66 COMTINJE 84080
J(l)sUl ' 94090
J(2)=U? 34100
J(3)=U1*0.5»'12 94110
» RTTE ROUTIME * 94i?o
IF (TPYCT.EQ.O) CA.L PROJT(ltPAC) 84130
IF (RITE.ME.1) RETJRM 84140
CALL PROJT(?.PAO 84150
RITE=0 94160
RETURN 34170
94190
67 FORMAT (IltI4,10F5.3) 84190
69 FORMAT (HO, 4 OHM AX HUM STORA3E IV DETENTIOM RESERVOIR «A4«10H FOR 34200
1 STORM.13.4H WAS.F3.3.10H CFS-HOJ^S) 94210
69 FORMAT (1^1) 34220
TO FORMAT (IHO.^IHOPTIMIZ. AND ROJTINS RUNS SHOULS 9E DONE SEPARATELY 34230
1.27H SINCE EAC CHANGES ARE MADE) 84240
ENO 94250-

96
 SUBROUTINE DSM(SMStBMStINCtDRN?4tBMSN)

SUBROUTINE OSM(SMSt*MStlNCtDRN24tBMSN«» C 10
THIS SUBROUTINE DOES SOIL MOISTURE ACCOUNTIN3 C 20
ON DAYS OF DAILY RAINFALL'. IT ADOS DAILY RAINFALL TO SHSt C 30
SUBTRACTS -T FROM SMS OR (IF SMS«0) FROM BMSt AND C 40
DRAINS S*S DOWNWARD TO 3MS C 50
REAL SMS»BMS«DRN24«TNC«BMSN C 60
IF (INC.LE.0.0) GO TO 1 C 70
ADD EXCESS *OISTJRE TO SATURATED ZONE C ftO
SMS=SMS*INC C 90
30 TD 3 C 100
DEDUCT MOISTURE DEFICIENCY F^OM SATURATED ZONE c no
1 IF ((SMS*INC).GE.O.O) SO TO 2 C 120
EVAPOTRANS^IRATIDN F*OM JNSATJRATED ZONE c 130
9MS=9MS+SMS+TNC C UO
SMS*0,0 C 150
CHECK FOR COMPLETE SOIL DRYING C 160
IF (9MS.LT.O.O) 9M5=0.0 C 170
SO TO 3 C 180
EVAPOTRANS 3 I*ATION F90M SATU^iATED 70NE C 190
? SMS=SMS*INC C 200
REDISTRIBUTION OF SOIL MOISTJRE «<ITH FLOW FROM C 210
SATURATED TO UNSATURATED ZONil C 220
3 IF (SM5.LE.ORN34) 30 TO * C 230
MOISTURE IN SATURATED ZONE A30VE FIELD CAPACITY C 240
SMS=SMS-DRN?4 C 250
8MS«3MS+DRN?4 C 260
SO TO 5 C 270
SATURATED ZONE COMPLETELY DE'LETED C 280
4 BMS=3MS+SMS C 290
3MS« NEW MOISTJRE CONTENT OF JNSATJRATED ZONE c 300
SMS*0.0 C 310
DRAINAGE TD DEEPER LYINS ZDN-I C 320
5 IF (3MS.3T.HMSN) BMS>BMSN C 330
RETURM C 340
END C 350-

97
 SUBROUTINE F_DW(I)

SUBROUTINE FlOW(I) 10
THIS SUBROJTINE COMPJTES SEGMENT OUTFLOWS AT TOT 20
REAL ISEG.IUt»tINltlN2 30
INTEGER DEL5,TRYCT 40
COMMON /Cl/ MSEGtI5E3(99),lU :»(99t3) »^PAR»K!»SET(99) f mETM(99) 50
COMMON /C3/ IPRNTtT,AR(ll)tB r L(60)tF_GTH(99)«KSE8(99).NOXC99)«Q2»Q 60
1SUM ( 3SJML*STO(99) 70
COMMON /C4/ OEL5.ISVEtQCrf,QLATtlL*T(99t4)tITEST(99)tITYPE(99),JLAT 80
1(99,4),JJP(99.3).P(2881.3).»ARAM(99,?),RCOEF(99,3)tUPR(8643) 90
COMMON /C5/ ALPHA(99)«EM(99),FRN(99)«3«IAX(99)«SLOPE(99)vALPADJ 0 100
COMMON /C6/ DTtOTS«QUP«OX(99) »SJM<1?0,3)*SFVOL<60)*SFPK(60) 0 110
COMMON /C7/ ECOMP*<lNIT*^OUT«NRG*OSI*JPUM*<IN*RAT*DAltOA2tOA3 D 120
COMMON /C8/ TUIK*TRYCT*<OUT(150)*IHrD(150) ,PTIME*NO*OJTVOL (60) 0 130
COMMON /E2/ SMAX(99) »IM2*S202(99)* AL 3I«DTSX*XEM«YEM,IMDE*WX*METH 0 140
COMMON /E3/ OELTAT*N08tQS(ll) t I3Q* 14 9>* U*OIH<2881) *OINPT (60) D 150
COMMON 9(1442)<IPL(150)»K D 160
COMMON /F2/ FLAT(1442)»FUP(1442) D 170
COMMON XLtOTSl,JTY»E D 180
COMMON /FO/ XA(11)*X3(11)tXSEG D 190
COMMON /LIMI IES/ QOJT2tCOMST D 200
IF KIXXT.ME.l) GO TO 2 0 210
CALL IMIT D 220
IMOE=0 0 230
IF (METH.NE.l) GO TO 1 0 240
XL=FLGTH(K) D 250
JTYPE«ITYPE«) 0 260
0 270
CALL KWMOC1 (O.tO.) 0 280
30 TO 2 0 290
IF (METH.63.0) GO TD 2 D 300
XSEG=ISE3«) 0 310
CALL KdFOl (OX(K) ) 0 320
0 330
ICT=ICT*1 0 340
IF (ITYPE«).GE.7) GO TO 12 0 350
0 360
CALL U 3 «.I) D 370
CALL L*T(K,I) D 380
ALATsQLAT»DTS D 390
0 400
XA(l)s(QJM/ALP)»»(*F.*) D 410
IF (METH.NE.I) GO TO 3 0 420
D 430
OF CHARACTERISTICS D 440
CALL KrfMOC(Q?,ADtXA(l) tOLAT) D 450
SO TO 20 0 460
CONTINUE 0 470
BI*ALP»YEM»OTSX 3 480
D 490
00 6 D 500

98
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 SUBRDUTIME F_0*(I)

13 32=QUP 01010
30 TO 20 D1020
14 CALL PJLS«) 01030
30 TO 20 01040
15 IF (ITYPE«)-9) 17,16,17 01050
16 IN1=IN2 01060
01070
30UT1=30JT2 01090
'JOUT2 = CO^ST*( (INl*lN2)/2.-QOJTl)*QOUTl 01090
Q2=UOUT2 01100
STO«) =PARAM(K,1)«3? 01110
IF (STO«).LT.SMAX«) ) GD TO 20 01120
SMAX(K)=STD«) 01130
SO TO ?0 01140
17 IF (ITYPE(O-IO) 19,18,19 01150
IP=(I-IJ*D-L5)/OEL5 01160
IF (IHYCHI1) .EQ.O.DP.IP.3T.I3Q) 30 T>13 01170
I4Q=I43*1 01130
IF (IP.E9.1) Q?=(DT/ 3 TlME)«UQ*aiH(I")*QJP 01190
IF (IP.GT.l) 02=(DT/PTIME)«UQ»OH(I=»)-3H(IP-1»*QIH(IP-1)*OUP 01200
30 TO 20 01210
19 02=QIN 3 T(I1) *QUP 01220
20 CONTINUE 01230
01240
IF (T.LT.ECO*P) GO TO ? 01250
RETURN 31260
END 01270

100
 SUBROUTINE <WMOC>1 (AAtA3)

SUBROUTINE KMMOC1(AA*A3) E 10
E 20
SUBROUTINE KWMOC1 M'JST 8E CA.LED ONCil PRECEDING A STORM FOR E 30
EACH SEGMENT TO DEFINE IMITIAL CONDITIONS JSED E 40
IN THE METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS SOLJTION *OR FLOW ROUTING. E 50
E 60
REAL MfIM2 E 70
COMMON /<**/ X(100),A(100)*N3RIDS E 80
COMMON /E2/ SMAX(99),IN2tS202<99)tAL 3 HAtOTSXtXEMtM,IMOEtWX.METH E 90
COMMON /MOC/ XL.OTS.ITYPE E 100
COMMON /MOC1/ Dlt02,D3 E 110
E 120
..... DEFINE CONSTANTS ..... E 130
DI=ALPHA*M»DTS E uo
D2=M-l. E 150
D3sALPHA*DTS E 160
E 170
..... DEFINE INITIAL CONDITIDNS FOR STORM ..... E 1BO
NGRIDS-6 E 190
X(l)cO. E 200
X(NGRIDS)=XL E 210
A(1)=AA E 2?0
A (NJGRIDS) =A8 E 230
E 240
N=NGRIDS-1 E ?50
DXsXL/N E 260
DA=(AA-A8)/N E 270
DO 1 I«?»N E 290
X(I)sX(I-l)OX E 290
A (I) *A (1-1) *">A E 300
1 CONTINJE E 310
RETURN E 320
END E 330-

101
 SUBROUTINE KrfMOCJQDkADtACtQLAT)

SUBROUTINE K*MOC(QD.ADtAC»9LAT) r 10
F 20
SUBROUTINE KWMOC - KINEMATIC WAVE ROjITING 9Y METHOD OF F 30
CHARACTERISTICS F 40
THIS SJBROJTINE OPERATES ON A THE STEP 9ASIS. IT RETURNS F 50
THE VA.UES OF DISCHARGE (QO) AND AREA (AD) AT THE Q/3 END F 60
OF THE SEGMENT AFTER A TIME STEP OF DIT5 (SECONDS). F 70
F 80
REAL M»IN2 F 90
COMMON /KWM/ X<100) ,A(100) »N3RID5 F 100
COMMON /E2/ SMAX<99) » I N2 » S202 < 99) t AL^HA t <)TSX» XEM.Mt HOEt WX t METH F 110
COMMON /HOC/ XL»DT5.ITYPE F 120
COMMON /MOC1/ D1»D?,D3 F 130
F 140
ALATsQ'.ATOTS F 150
CHECK THAT ARRAY DIMENSIONS rfILL NOT 3E EXCEEDED F 160
IF (NGRIDS.E^.IOO) CALL DIMEY F 170
IF QLAT AND A(l) E3 0. DDN'T ADD CHARACTERISTIC F 190
L»l F 190
IF (QLAT. LE.l.E-20. AND. A(l ) .iQ.O.) L*0 F 200
NGRnSsN3RlDS-(l-L) F 210
F 220
..... ADVANCE CHARACTERISTICS ..... F 230
NsNGRI3S*2 F 2*0
DO 5 K=ltM3RIOS F 250
IsM-K F 260
IF (M.^0.1) SO TO ? F 270
IF ( <ALAT«1.E3) .GT.A(I-L) ) GO TO 1 F 2BO
X(I)=X(I-L) * f)l*A(I-L)**D2 F 290
AU)sA(I-L) F 300
SO TO * F 310
1 X(I)=X(I-L)»ALPHA/3LAT»( (ALAT*A(I-L) ) *»M-A(I-L)**M) F 320
SO TO 3 F 330
? X(I)=XfI-L)03 F 340
3 A(I)sA(I-L)»ALAT F 350
F 360
..... KEEP TPACK 0-t LAST CHARACTERISTIC THAT LEAVES SEGMENT ..... F 370
4 IF (X(I).GE.XL) 11*1 F 390
5 CONTINJE F 390
F 400
..... ASSI3N AREA AT U/S 30UMDARY ..... F 410
A(1)=AC F *20
F 430
..... INTERPOLATE r OR AWEA AT 0/5 90JNOARY AND ASSIGN NGRIDS ..... F 440
AD = A(H)-(A(H)-A(II-1) )»( (X(II) -XL) / ( X ( 1 1 ) -X ( 1 1 - 1 ) ) ) F 450
3D=ALPHA»AD»»M F 460

X(NGRIDS)sXL
A(NGRnS)*AD F 490
IF (ITYPE.E0.5.0R.ITYPE.EQ.6.0R.M.E0.1.0.0R.NGRIOS.LE.2) GO TO 11 F 500

102
 SUBROUTINE Kri*OC(QDI»AD*AC*QLAT)
F 510
..... TAKE CARE OF SHOCKS ..... F 520
I«NGRnS-l . F 530
6 IF <X<I).LE.X<I-1M 80 TO 7 F 540
SO TO 10 F 550
7 K-I-1 F 560
IF (AtO.Ea.O.) QO TO 8 F 570
X(K)«(X<I)*X(K))/2. F 580
A(K)=(A(I)*A(K))/2. F 590
8 N8RIDS«NSRIDS-1 F 600
00 9 K=ItN3RIDS F 610
X(K)«X(K*1) F 620
A(K)«A(K*1) "F 630
9 CONTINJE F 640
10 I«I-1 F 650
IF (I.LE.2) SO TO 11 F 660
SO TO S F 670
F 680
11 RETURN F 690
END F 700

103
 SUBROUTINE 3IMEN
SUBROUTINE OIMEN G 10
G ?0
SUBROUTINE OIMEN DROPS OJT CHARACTERISTICS FROM A SEGMENT G 30
IF THE DIMENSIONS DF THE X AMD A ARRAYS ARE GOING TO BE EXCEEDED G 40
G 50
COMMON /KM*/ XUOO) tAUOO) .N3RI3S G 60
J»2 G 70
00 1 I«4»100t2 G BO
Jsj+1 G 90
X(j)xxd) G 100
A(J)*A(I) G 110
1 CONTINJE G 120
NGRIQS*51 G 130
RETURN G 140
END .. G ISO-

104
 SUBROJTINE KW ? D1<DX)

SUBROUTINE KWF01 (OK) H 10

SUBROUTINE KWFD1 MJST BE CALLED ONCE ^RECEDING A STORM FOR H 30

EACH SEGMENT WHERE THE NONLINEAR FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD H *0
IS USE3 FOR FLOW ROUTING. CONSTANTS JSED IN THE FINITE H SO
DIFFERENCE SOLUTION! ARE DEFINED. H 60

REAL M.IN2 * H
COMMON /E2/ SMAX(99),I^2,S202(99),AL'HA t ')TSX,XEMtM,mOEtWX,METH H 90
COMMON /F01/ Cl,Al,A2,A3.A*tA5tA6,A7 u 100
DATA WT/0.5/ « iin
AO»1./(OTSX»WX)
Cl-WT.AO

43aH ' 1 -
A4-M-2.
A5-OX/-X
A6»ALPHA»M H 200
A7»ALP
RETURN
ENO

105
 SUBROUTINE

SUBROUTINE K«FD(J) 10
20
SUBROUTINE K«FD SO.VES FOR THE JNKNOrfN FLOrf AREA XA(J) BY AN 30
ITERATIVE NONLINEAR FINITE DIFFERENCE! SCHEME. NEKTON'S 2ND ORDER 40
METHOD IS JSED TO SOLVE F OR THE 300T OF THE NONLINEAR EQUATION. 50
60
REAL M.IN2.ISEG 70
COMMON /C3X IPRNT.T,AR(11).BPL(60) , F.GTH (99) ,K5E3 ( 99) , NDX (99) ,Q2,Q 80
1SUM,3SJML.STO(99) 90
COMMON /C4/ OEL5.ISVE.aCrf,aLftT.ILAT(99,4) .ITEST(99) . ITY P E (99) JLAT 100
1(99.4) .JJP(99.3) *P(2B81.3) , PARA1 (99, 2) .RCOEF (99, 3) ,U»R < 8643) 110
COMMON /E2/ SMAX<99) ,IN2, 5202(99) , CO, DTSX,XEM»M,IMDE,WX.METH 120
COMMON /E3/ DELTAT.N08.QSdl) 1 33. 143-. IJ.QIH (2881 ) ,QIN»T(60) 130
COMMON /FD/ XA(ll).xadl) ,ISEG UO
COMMON /FD1/ Cl*Al.A2*A3,A4.ft5«AS.A7 150
DATA NITE*/15/ 160
XO*XA(J) 170
15C2=A1»(XA(J-1)-AR(J-1) )-Cl»A^(J)*A2»C5S(J)-QS(J-l))-XQ(J-l)-QLAT»A
-
190
IF (M.EQ.l.) GO TO 4 200
00 1 1=1. MITER 210
220
230
PPPX=A7»XO»»A4 240
IF UBS(FX) .LT.l.E-15) GO TO 2 250
IF UBS(FPX) .LT. l.£i-15) CALL MESSGE ( 1 » X A ( J) . I * PPX . XO * J) 260
270
X=XO*1./H 290
IF (X.tE.O.) GO TO ? 290
IF (ABS(X-XO)/XO.Li..05) 30 TO 3 300
XO«X 310
CONTINJE 320
CALL MESSGE (?.XA ( J) ,!,* X.X» J) 330
2 X=XO 340
3 XA(.J)=X 350
SO TO 5 360
4 XA(J)=-C2/(CO*C1) 370
5 XQ( J)=CO»XA( J)»*M 3BO
RETURN 390
END

106
 SJflROUTINE MESS3E(I30»XO»I»FtXtJ)

SUBROUTINE MESSGE(IGOtXO.ItF,XtJ) J 10
J 80
SUBROUTINE MESSGE is CALLED rROi HIT-UN NE*TON»S METHOD J 30
WHENEVER THE NUMBER OF ITERATIONS EXCEEDS THE SPECIFIED J *0
LIMIT DR THE FIRST DERIVATIVE APPROACHES ZERO J 50
J 60
MEAL ISEG J 70
COMMON /C3/ IPRNT.TtAR(ll)»3 r L<60)tF_0TH(99)tKSE8(99),NDX<99)tQ2tQ J 90
1SUM,3SJML.STO(99> J 90
COMMON /FO/ XA(ll)«X3(11).ISEG J 100
J1=J-1 J 110
30 TO (1»2)» IGO J 180
1 WRITE (6tt) ISEG.T,Jl,XO.ItF.x J 130
GO TO 3 J UO
8 WRITE (6t5) ISEGtTtJltXO.ItFtX J 150
3 RETURN J 160
J 170
* FORMAT (//.3?H »* DERIVATIVE Af>o^t)A:HES ZERO t/tllH SEGMENT = A^, J 180
1/.8H TIME « ,F6.1t/,15H 3RIO NJM3ER * t!3t/,17H INITIAL GUESS * .E J 190
815.8,/,30H NO OF ITERATIONS = t!3t/.l*H DERIVATIVE » fE15.8./t!OH J 800
3LAST A = .E15.8) J 810
5 FORMAT (//.30H « «» ITERATIONS EXCEEDi LIMIT ./tllH SEGMENT = .A*,/ J 880
1.8H TI^E = .P6.1./.15H GMID NUM3£rf = .I3./tl7H INITIAL GUESS = »E1 J 830
85.8./.80H NO OF INTERATIONS =.I3t/.«Hi F(A) * ,E15.8t/tlOH LAST A = J 8*0
3 .E15.B) J 850
END J 860-

107
 SUBROUTINE LAT(K,I)

SUBROUTINE LAT(Ktl) 10
THIS SUBROUTINE COMPJTES LAT-RAL INFLOW FROM OVERLAND 20
PLOW SEGMEMTS OR FRO* RAINFA.L 30
INTEGER DELS.TRYCT.qS.EO.FO.DPT.OPTIDN.RITE.DELSP 40
REAL ISEG,IUP,ILAT,IMPRET.IM35TO.IMP SO
COMMON /Cl/ NSEG,ISE3(99) ,IU 3 '(99,3) ,MPAR,KPSET(99) ,IMETH(99) 60
COMMON /C3/ IPRNT.T,AR(11),3-L(60) ,F J3TH (99) ,KSEG ( 99) ,NDX(99) *Q2,Q 70
1SUM,3SJML.STO(99) 80
COMMON /C4/ OEL5,ISVE.3Crf,QLAT.ILAT(;9t4) 1 1 TEST (99) 1 1 TYPE (99) tJLAT 90
1 (99,4),JJP(99,3),P(2B81,3) , PAR AM (99, ?) ,RCO-F (99, 3) ,U»R (8643) 100
COMMON /C6/ 3TtDTS,9JPtDX(99)tPSJM(l?Ot3)»SFVOL(60)»SFPK(60) < 110
COMMON /C7/ ECOMPt<IMIT,NOUT,NR3fOSIf JPUNt <INt PATtDAl f DA2.0A3 < 120
COMMON /C8/ Il.IKtTRYCT.<OUT(150) tIHiTD(150) ,PTI ^E .ND,0 JTVOL ( 60 ) < 130
COMMON /El/ IMPRET(3) tIMPSTOO) K 140
COMMON /Fl/ ICT, 0(1442) ,^(1442) ,IPL(150) .K< < 150
COMMON /F2/ FLW(1*4?) ,FL*T(U42) ,FJP(1442) < 160
COMMON /Zl/ B3«DA,-0*FO«NK,M^'*MOtIMPt<NNtN09tOPT.IOUT(2) «NOAY*NDEL < 170
1 S, NU^E tNJPD,POELtRlTEtDEL5P,EPSLNt OPTION. CORF K 180
COMPUTE LAT. INFLOW RATE FRO*' OVERLAND FLOW TO SEGMENT K < 190
3LAT=0. < 200
IF (!TyPE«)-5) 1.3,1 < 210
IF (ITYPE«)-6) 2.3,2 < 220
K 230
3LATsFLAT(ICT) < 240
< 250
K 260
RETURN < 270
C01PJTE LATERAL INFLOW RATE r ROM RAIN « 230
3 EP*0.0 < 290
ApsO.O < 300
iPARs! < 310
IF «P5ET«) .EQ.2) 1 441 < 320
DO 4 III=1 < 330
< 340
< 350
AH=AP* (»COEF(K,III)»(UPR(I2)/DEL5-IM3RET(III) ) ) /CORF < 3SO
3LAT*PARAM(K,1 ) (PARAM (K , 2 ) » AP* ( ( 1 . -^ARAM « , 2) ) /RAT) »E*) /720 . < 370
THE CONSTANT 7?0 CONVERTS SO r T-I N/MI NUTE TO CFS < 3RO
< 390
RETJRN < 400
END < 410-

108
 SUBROUTINE

SUBROUTINE U»(K,I) L 10
THIS SUBROJTINE COMPJTES UPSTREAM INFLOW TO SE3HENT K L 20
REAL ILAT,ISEG»IUP L 3°
INTEGER DEL5 I- *°
COMMON /Cl/ NSEG»ISFG(99).IU 3 (99,3) t MPAR.K^SET (99) IHETH(99) L 50
COMMON /C3/ IPRNT»T,ARUl),8rL(60),FJSTH(99),KSES(99),MDX<99),Q2,Q L 60
1SUM,3SJML»STO(99) L 70
COMMON /C4/ }EL5,ISVE,3Ctf»QLAT»lLATO9t4),ITEST(99),mPE(99),JLAT L 80
1 (99,*) ,JJP(99,3) ,P(2881,3),»ARA«K99,?),RCOEF(99,3)»UP«(8643) L 90
COMMON /CS/ ALPHAO9) ,EM(99) ,FR^(99) ,:i*AX<99) ,SLOPE(99) ,ALPADJ L 100
COMMON /C6/ OT,DTSOJP.OXO9),»SJM(l?fl,3>,SFy/OL<60)»SFPK(60) L 110
COMMON /C7/ ECOMP,<INIT»^OUT»NR3»OSI,J»UN»<IN»RAT»DA1,DA2»DA3 L 120
COMMON /Fl/ ICT»Q(U42) .RU442) »IPL(150) »K< L 130
COMMON /F2/ c-L*(144?) ,FLAT(1442) »FJP(1442) L 140
3UP=0. L. 150
3PR=3SJM L 160
IF «K.E3.<SE6(1) > 30 TO 1 L 170
QUP= P U°(ICT) L 1*0
1 CONTINJE L 190
BSUMsQJP L 200
IF (ITfPECO .EQ.*.D«.ITY3E«) .Ei».9) 30 TO 12 L 210
IF OU 3 -3MAX(K) ) 7,7,2 U 220
? IF OP^-3MAX(K)) 3,6,6 L 230
3 !>OT=(QJP-C»MAX(K) )/OJP-0»W) L 240
STO«)*STO(K)-(OTS»(3MAX(K)-3PR) /2. 0 ) » ( 1 .0-«>DT ) L 250
IF (ST3«) ) 4,5,5 L 260
4 STO«)sO. L 270
5 STO«)sSTO(K) *(DTS»(3U°-3MAX(K) )/2.0)»»DT L 280
SO TH 13 L 290
6 STO«)sSTO(K)*( ( (Q39*OJP)/?,)-QMAX(K) )»DTS L 300
30 TO 13 L 310
7 IF OP^-3MAX(KM 8,8,10 L 320
* IF (STD«) > 11,11*9 L 330
5 STO«)sSTO<K)-(QMAX «)-( (QPR»QJ 3 )/2.) ) »DTS L 340
IF (STD«) ) 11,13,13 L 350
10 »DT=(Q3R-3MA*(K) )/(0»«-OjP) L 360
STO«)=STO(K)*( (QP^OMAXCO ) »POT»DTS/?.0 ) - ( ( OMAX (K ) -3U») ( 1 . 0-POT) L 370
1»OTS/?.0) L 380
IF (ST3«) ) 1 1,11.1 3 L 390
11 STO«)sO. L 400
1? CONTINJE L 410
RETURN L 420
13 3UP = OMAX«) L 430
IF (OSI.ST.0.0) GO TO 14 L 440
OSI=?0. L 450

IF OF. 5. ST. 1) J = J*1

rtRITE (6,15) ISEGU),J L 480
U COMTINJE I- *90
RETURN L 500

109
 SUBROUTINE

L 510
15 FORMAT UX»B4SEGME^'T »A4»22H IS SURCHARGING AT I« »IS) L 520
END L 530-

110
 SUBROUTINE

SUBROUTINE INIT 10
THIS SUBROJTINE INITIALIZES 5E3MENT AT START OF STORM 20
REAL lN2»ISE'5flUP»lLAT.mP 30
INTEGER DE.5,B3.FO,FO.OPTtOPTION.RIT-I.DEL5P 40
COMMON /Cl/ NSEG»ISE3(99),lU>(99,3).>JPAR.K»SET(99),mETH(99) 50
COMMON /C3/ IPRNT.TtAR(ll),B rL(60) ,F.GTH (99) ,KSES(99) tMDX (99) tQ2tQ 60
15UM,9SJMLtSTr)(99) 70
COMMON /C4/ DEL5«ISVE»QC*.QLAT»ILATO9,4) tITEST(99)tITYPE(99) .JLAT 80
1 (99,4) «JJP(99*3) «P(2881t3)»PARA»l(99,*) tRCOEF(99»3) tU»R<8643) 90
COMMON /C5/ ALPHAO9) »EM(99) ,FRM(99) »3MAX(99) f SLOPE(99) tALPAOJ M 100
COMMON /C6/ OTtDTS»QUP»DX(99).PSJM(l>0.3) »SFVOL(60) tSFPK(60) M 110
COMMON /C7/ ECOMP.<lNlTt^OUT.NR3»OSIt JPUNt<INtRATtDMtDA2»OA3 M 120
COMMON /E2/ SMAX<99) »IN2. 5202(99) t AL'fcDTSX t XEMt YEM. mDE t HX.METH M 130
COMMON /E3/ -JELTAT.NOS.QSdl) . 1 33» I43* UtQIH (2881 ) .QINPT (60 ) M 140
COMMON /E5/ S2(99tlO)tS(99.10) »C(99,10) M 150
COMMON /FIX ICTtQ(U*2)i*(m2)tIPL(150)tM M 150
COMMON /Zl/ i?3.0A.-OtFO»^K,NM'»^OtIMPt<NN»N39,0»T.IOUT(2) .NOAYtNOEU M 170
* 180
COMMON /LITRES/ QOJT?»CO^ST M 190
M 200
M 210
M 220
M 230
QSUMsO. M 240
QSUML=0. M 250
SMAX(K)=0.0 M 260
IN2=0.0 M 270
IF (ITrPE«).GE.7) 30 TO ?. M 280
* 290
DTSX«OTS/OX«) M 300
M 310
M 320
STO«)sO.O * 330
M 340
M 350
DO 1 J=ltN M 360
3S(J)=0.0 M 370
AR(J)sO.O M 3«*0
RETURN M 390
IF «IM.EQ.l) M 400
IF (ITYPEfO.NE.I) SO TO 3 M 410
CALL TABLE(K,PARAM«.2) t 52. S.Ct 32. M0< « ) ) M 420
S202(K)=PA^M(K.2) /OELTAT*Q2/2. M 430
STO«) *PARAM(Kt2) <4 440
IF (ITVPE«) .NE.9) SO TO <S * 450
QOUT?=0. M 460
CRES=0£LTAT/»ARAM«,1 ) M 470
IF (CRES.LE.?.) GO TO 4 M 4*0
M 490
? (6tb) M 500

111
 SU3ROJTIME ISIT
4 CONST*(2.»CRES)/(2.*CHES) * 510
5 RETURN M 520
M 530
6 FORMAT (1H ,*OHROUTIMG INTERVAL P OR DETENTION RESERVOIR,13,42H IS M 540
1TOO LARGE, REDUCE TO A VALUE LESS THAS,FS.3,6H HOURS) M 550
END ^ 560-

112
 SUBROUTINE PJLS«)

SUBROUTINE P'JLS(K) "t 10

THIS SUBROJTINE »ERFORMS MODIFIED 3 ULS ROUTING M 20
REAL INltIN? . N 30
COMMON /C3/ IPRNTtT,A«(ll)t9-L(60),F.DTH(99)»KSES(99),NOX(99)»Q2,Q N *0
1SUM,QSJML,STO<99) M 50
COMMON /E2/ SMAX(99) , IN2. S202 ( 99) , AL >(t DTSX , XEM. YEM, I MOEt WX, METH N 60
COMMON /E3/ !)ELTAT»N08»QS<11) I 33» I43-, IJ.QIH (2B81) ,QIN»T(60) N 70
COMMON /E4/ rfV(99,lO)»S1(99.10)»C1(99tlO) N flO
N 90
N 100
AVINs(INUlN?)/2. M 110
S202(K)=S202(K)+AVIM N 120
CALL TABLE(K,S202«) tWVtSltClt 32tNOX«) ) N 130
IF C52.LT.O.O) 02=0.0 M 1*0
STO«)s(S202(K)-Q2/2.)»DELTAT N 150
S202(K)=S20?(K)-02 - M 160
IF (STO«) .LT.SMAX«) ) GO TO 1 N 170
SMAX(K)=STO«) M 180
1 CONTINUE M 190
N 200
N 210-

113
 SUBROUTINE TA3LE«,F1,F3,S3,C3»F2,J)

SUBROUTINE TABLE(K,F1,F3,S3,C3»F2,J) 0 10
THIS SUaaOJTINE =>ERFD«MS LIM-ftR INTERPOLATION FOR 0 20
MODIFIED 3 ULS ROUTING 0 30
DIMENSION F3(99,iQ), 53(99,10), C3(99,10) 0 40
00 1 1=2,J 0 50
IF (Fi.LT. r 3(K,I)) GO TO 2 0 60
CONTINUE 0 70
I=J 0 80
F2sS3«,I) »F1 *C3(K,T) 0 90
RETURN 0 100
END 0 110-

114
 SUBROUTINE :«TCHMT
SUBROUTINE CTCHMT P 10
* CATCHMENT ROJTINE * 30
INTEGER HEADl (120) ,HEAD2(60, 2), ^EAD3(SO) » 50
DIMENSION 32(99.10) P 60
INTEGER 33, EO,FO,03T. OPTION, 3ITE.DEL50 , DELS * 70
REAL ISE3.IU3»ILAT,IMP,IN? P 80
COMMOM /Cl/ NSEG,ISE3(99).,IU 3 (99»3) YPAR»KPSET(99) ,IMETH(99) P 90
COMMON /C3/ IPRNT,T,AR(11) ,B r L(60) ,F.GTH(99) ,KSES(99) ,NDX(99) ,Q2*Q P 100
!SUMt'5SJMLtSTO(9y) P 110
COMMON /C4/ OEL5,I5vE,QCrf.3LAT»lLAT(99,4),lTEST(99).ITYPE(99).JLAT P 120
1 (99,*) »JJP(99«3) *P(?B81 «3) .P ARAM (99,?) ,RCOEF(99,3) .U»R(B643) P 130
COMMON /C5/ ALPHAC99) tEM(99) tFRN(99) t3MAX(99) tSLOPE(99) tALPADJ P UO
COMMON /C6/ OT»DTStQJPtDX(99) t»SJM(l?0.3) tSFVOL<60) tSFPK(60) » 150
COMMON /C7/ ECOMPtKTNlTtNOUT.N^S.OSlt JPUN»<IN»^AT.DA1»OA2,DA3 , ° 160
COMMON /E2/ SMAXC99) 1 1 N2t S202 ( 99) t AL 'i» DTSX f XEM, YEMt MOEt WX .METH P 170
COMMON /E3/ .3ELTAT«N08*QS(11) *I33tI43fUtOlH(2B81) «QINOT(60) P 180
COMMON /E4/ rfV(99,lO).Sl (^9tlO) tCl(93',lO) ° 190
COMMON /E5/ S2(99.lo) »S(99tlO) tC(99, 10) * 200
COMMON /F3/ TFlLEtlFlLEDtJFI.E 3 . JRECDS t HECD.N9ECDS t HEAD1 . HEAD2t HE 9 210
!AD3tNSTR^St J»ERM ? 220
COMMON /Zl/ g3tOAtEO«FDtNK,NNtNOtlMOt<SN»N09tO»TtlOUT(2) tNOAYtNDEL P 230
15tNOe-E»NJP3,3DEL.RlTE»DEL5^tEP5LNtOPTION*CORF P 240
COMMON /Z4/ OE(731D).UO(2881) ,X2(1S) ,3IM 3 (9t2).FPK(60) tFVOL(60) .IP P 250
1^(99) ,INDC(45).IRE5(30) .NOUP(150) , NO ATE (60, 3) , X (40 ) » DF, IE AC P 260
EQ'JIVA'.ENC- (02( 1,1) »P(1 .1 ) ) P 270
REAL) (5,?0) MSEG,DT,^AT,vj^S,lM3,AL a A^J,wX P 280
IF (NSEG.LE.99) GO TO 1 P 290
rtRITE (6,23) P 300
STOP P 310
1 IF (RAT. LT. 1.0) PATsl.O » 3?0
IF (AL 3 ADJ.L r .O.nj AtPAOJcl.O P 330
3TS = OT»t>0. P 340
IDTS=IMT(DTS*.001 ) P 350
HEA01 (18)=v<SEG P 360
HEA01 (19»=IDTS * 370
WRITE (*»21) NSEG,DT,NRG,MPA^,IM3,RAr, AL°ADJ,WX P 3RD
CHEC< FOP tfALl:) DT P 390
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 SUBROUTINE :TCHMT
C(K.II)»02(K.II)-S«. II)»S2«. II) P1010
CONTINUE P1020
(6.24) ISEG«) P1030
(6*25) (02(K,II)tS2(K«II).rfV(K.II).II«l»U) P1040
13 CONTINUE 91050
14 IF (NR3.EU.3) GO TD 16 P1060
SET THEISS-N COEFFICIENTS ^0*1 UNUSED RAIN GASES TO ZERO P1070
P1080
00 15 U=>JR31,3 P1090
50 15'<«1.NSEG 01100
IF (lTrP£«).E0.4) GO TO 15 P1110
RCOEP «»U) «0.0 P1120
15 CONTINUE P1130
lf> CONTINUE P1140
P1150
P1160
17 FORMAT (1H «39HE°RDR IN SESM-NT DATA "OR TYPE 15 OR 16) P1170
FORMAT (1X.29HERRO* IN OUTFLD«-STORA3 DATA) P1180
FORMAT (3F10.0) P1190
20 FORMAT (I5.F5.0.F5.0.I5t2F5.0.F5.2) P1200
21 FORMAT (//50X.20HNUM3ER 3F SEGMENTS s.I4/50X»4HOT «.F6.2,9H MINUTE P1210
1S/50X.2?HNUM«3ER OF i?AIN SAGES * 1 12/5 ?x , 2?HVU«BER OF SOIL TYPES PI 220
31230
3Xt8MAL a ADJ = , F5. 2/ 5n X « *H«fX a,F5.2) P! 240
22 FORMAT (lHl,64X.6H.ENGTH»10X.9^^DUSHM SS»20X»19rtTHIESSEN COEFFICNT PI 250
1S/8H ScG^E^T.lX»l7-«U p STHaA^ SE3*ENTS,3X, 17HAOUACENT SEGMENTS. 1X.4H P1260
P1270
3ETER«2X»1&-«OTHER PARAMETERS. 14, 4 C IX 14) ) 31280
23 FORMAT (in ^OHROUUMG INTERNAL rOR JETENTIDM *EsERV3i*«i3,42H is P1290
1TOO LARGE* REDUCE TO A VALUE LESS THAN«F6.3) P1300
24 FORMAT tlHO«9X»18H?£SERV3IR SEGMENT «A4> P1310
25 FORMAT UHO,$X»7HOUTFLO*«5X«7HST3RA3*i»5X*10HS2/OT«02/2»//<lX,3(F9. P1320
01330
26 FORMAT (*A4,T2»2Il9r2»5F5,Otl2»U«A4, T66.3r5.0) 013*0
27 FORMAT t2X.A4.3X»3(lX»A4)t3X«4(lX»A4).I3«l3»2l4.F8.1.F9.4«lX«E10.3 P1350
»1360
FORMAT (1HO.?SHNSE3 SHOULD M3T EXCEED 99) P1370
29 FORMAT C1H0.16HNDX POM SEGMENT VA4.1S4 IS MORE THAN 10) PI 380
30 FORMAT (1H0.34HA *IAX. DF 10 *ULS SE6«« MTS PI 390
31 FORMAT CIHO.ISHINVALID DT JS-D) P1400
END P1410-

117
 SUB^OJTINE

SUfltfOUTlME INPUT! 3 10

INPUT a 30
INTEGER -ttAOl (120) .HEAD2(60.?) ,^A03(SO) 3 50
INTEGER MOJT(2) »R3,FO,ro,>mr.DEL& D »T*YCT.MN(13) 3 40
INTEGER PCCN.DCCN.^OOYS. DELS. DPD»DED,:>ATFRF,f)ATERL.BTHE, DATE 3 70
INTEGER STA,STAO.STAD1«STAJP,STAJP1.5TAP.STAP1,STAE.STAE1 3 BO
INTEGER YK.MO,DY,BYP»BMO«^Y.EY*.EMO,£IDY.CY.CT,CODE»DPTIO^,OPT 3 90
INTEGER >njO(150) . Y>J(99) ...PO.UDD 3 100
ISEG.IU».ILAT«HR,IMP 3 110
/C2/ 5TAD1.5TAD 3 1?0
TITLD(^O), TITLUP(50)t TIT_P(50), TITLE(BO) 3 130
3 140
COMMON /Co/ ')EL5,I5vEt3CV.3LAT»lLAT(39,4) tITEST(99) t!TYPE(99) t JLAT 3 150
1 (99,4) , JJP(99,3) .P(?B81«3) PAR A «4 ( 99. ? ) , RCO^F (99. 3) ,U=»H(B643) 3 160
COMMON /C7/ P;COMP.<IMIT«>JOUT.^^3.0SI. JPUM.<IN.^Ar»OAl,DAa.OA3 3 170
COMMON Il.K.rPYCT«<OUT(150) » iH/DdSO) « °TI 1E» NO. 0 JTVOL ( 60 ) 3 1BO
COMMON /Dl/ ->P(7310) .WODYS.M50* I JNI T . ^OY5 MOTS , I CK (60 ) 3 190
COMMON TCT. rHU*2) tR(14*2) tl-^Ld^O) «K< 3 300
COMMON /F3/ IFlLE.mLEO.IFI.E 3 * J^EC OS . I ^ECD.N^ECOS . MEAOl , HEAD2* HE 3 ?10
3 2?0
COMMON /Zl/ IMP IOUT(2) 3 230
3 2*0
COMMON /Ik/ OE (7310) .U0(?8^1 ) ,X2(liS) ,OIM3(9.2) »FPK (60) tFvOL(60) « IP 3 250
*(99) . INDPU5) ME 5 (30) .MOJ=(130) « >JD4 TE ( SO . 3 ) . X ( 40 ) .DF.IEAC 3 260
DATA M\/U, 31 ,59.90, 120. 151 . 1 81 ,212, 2^3,273,304, 334, 3S5/ 3 270
DATA MJUT/4H'_IST»4H NO/ 3 280
DATA »:CNJ/0/,DCC^/0/.UPL>/0/» JOD/O/ 3 290
00 1 J=l«2 3 300
IOUT( J)=MUJT(J) 3 310
CONTTNJE 3 320
33=0 3 330
JJ.IAN HATi JA^. 1 0" EACH YEA3 3 340
STARTING JANJ. 1 1901 3 350
YN(1 ) =0 3 360
00 2 1=2.99 3 370
YN(I)sYN( 1-1 ) +365 3 3*0
IF Mm(I-l,4) .EQ.fl) YM(I) = +1 3 390
COMTINJF 3 400
3 410
00 3 T=l. 1? 3 420
IRW(I) =0.0 3 430
MDAY=0 3 440
IUMIT3=I JMIT»1 3 450
00 4 1=1.1 JNTT3 3 460
JP«U)=0.0 3 470
00 5 1 = 1 .UNIT 3 *BO
JD(I)=0.0 3 490
00 6 T = l 3 500

118
 SUBROUTINE
OP(I)*0.0 9 510
f> OE(I)»0.0 3 520
OPTIONsIOUT(l) LISTS IN 3 JT DATA. Q 530
READ (5.64) OPTION,OPT.NDPTl.JPE^M.J^ECDS.JPUN 9 540
IF (M0 3 T1.£Q.O) GO TO 9 3 550
*EAD (5.S2) (IRP(I),1=1.12) 3 560
DO 7 1*1.12 3 570
7 IR*(I)=I**(I)/7. 3 580
rfHITE (6.63) (IMP(I).1*1.12) 3 590
3EAD-IN STA.NOS. AMD NAMES.DA.UNIT TIME* BEGIN AND END 3 600
DATES. STATION NUMBERS UFA}' 2A4 ^OP 18* «0*D SIZE. 3 610
B 9EAD (5.65) STAD1 . STAD, TITLD.DA. (HEADil (I) » 1*1» 15) 3 620
READ (5.65) STAP1 .5TAP.TITL 3 3 630
3EAD (5,65) 5TAE1.STAE.TITLE 3 6*0
*EAl) (S.67) qYP..BMD,3DY.EY^.EMO,EOY 3 650
HEAOl (20) =3Y3»10000«-3MO»100«-3DY -3 660
HEADl (21 )=EY3»10000*EMO»100«-EOr 3 670
INITIALI7E VARIABLES 3 680
v|UDD=n 3 690
MUPD=0 3 700
*>0 9 1*1,150 3 710
NOUD(I)=0 3 720
9 MOUP(I)=0 3 730
10 JPO=0 3 740
3 750
3 760
IF (MR3.EU.1) GO TD 12 3 770
irfRITE (*»SO) 3 790
WRITE (IFO) <4ST»K*3AY.(JP^(I).I=K4ST,<40AY) 3 790
00 11 I=1.<40AY 3 900
11 'JP*(!)sO.O 3 910
12 IFP=IFIL£P*NQG-1 3 9?0
^EAO (5,b6) STAJP1 t«;TAJHtTIT.UPt a TIMi. 3 ^30
DETERMINE JJLIAN OATi ^D^ 3E3TN AND FND OF H£C3*0. 3 940
IF (XOD(3YR,4).ME.O) GO TO 13 3 950
IF MMD-2) 11,13.1* 3 960
13 LEAPsn 3 970
GO TT IS 3 980
14 LEAPsl 3 990
15 DATE^F = Y>JOY^)*^M(3MO) *S")Y*LiA3 3 900
IF MOD(EY3,4) .NF.f)) (,0 TO IS 3 910
IF ( p MD-2) IS,16.17 3 920
IS LEA^sO 3 930
GO TO 18 3 940
17 LEAP=1 9 950
18 OATERL S Y^(EY3) «-MN(i*O) *E")Y*LzA^ 3 9SO
CA.C ILATF XU^BER OF DAYS OF ? CO*D 3 970
ROOYSsDATE^L-OATER r *l 3 990
IF MODYS.'.E.NOYS) 30 TO 19 3 990
E (6.73) NOYS 31000

119
 SJ930JTINE IMPUT1

STOP 31010
19 WRITE <6t69) STA01tSTAD,TITLD.STAUPltSTAJP«TITLJP»STAPl.STAP,TITLP 31020
ltSTAEltSTAE,TlTLE.DAtPTIME»BM0.3DYt8rR,DATERF,EMOtEDY.£YR«DATERL U1030
WRITE (6»b9) JPUNt JP£RM»3°T 31040
COMPJTE TIME PARAMETERS 91050
NDAY IS SET TO STARTING TIME ELEMENT FOR A HAIN 3AGE 31060
CORFsS.O 31070
IF (PTIME..T.4.9) CORF*1.0 11080
IF <=>TIME.3T.14.9) CORF=15.0 31090
POEL=PTIME/1440.0 31100
SET LIMIT DN MUMPED OF CONSECUTIVE DAYS 31110
MDELS«1440/PTIME 31120
MOUT«IJNIT/NOELS 31130
TO ALLOW s 3 ACE FOR ? SOIL 31140
IF ( 3 TIME.3E.5.0) 31150
31160
31170
31180
31190
31200
31210
312?0
31230
31240
31250
IN DATA FROM A CARD 31260
EDIT CHEC< ONJ STATIO\JI JNIT TiMEt AMD 31270
312*0
EMTE3 DATA nTO ARRAY'S ACCORDING TO CODING 31?90
CHEC< LAST FOUR CHARACTERS O-i STATION NOS. ONLY 31300
DATES FOR CODES 1 AND 2 31310
IF (OPTION. F.T. IOUTU )) WRITE (6. BO) 31320
31330
31340
31350
20 COMTINJE 31360
IF (CO^F.GT.4.9) GD TO 21 31370
READ <S,70) 313RO
30 TO ?? 31390
21 READ (5,71) iCDOE 31400
22 IF (CODE.E3.R) GO TO 10 31410
IF (CODE.NJE.9) GO TO 26 31420
IF OPT.£0.1) GO TD 24 31430
WRITE (I^lLFO) K4DAY,(JD(I) 31440
DO 23 I = l«<4 r)AY 31450
23 JD(I)sO.O 31460
30 TO *5 31470
24 WRITE (IFu») <4ST»KVOAY, ( J-»R(I) ,I=K4STf <4DAY) 314BO
00 25 1=1 31490
25 JPR(I)sO.O 31500

120
 ui ro ro ro ru
O 4) JD ^4 J>

OHOO c ii o o c r~ c -< X)
A- >z~x-<-»z
* -< ii o ii^i_
o n r> z .c*
i/< c m .
I'l iH II V U «-»OWi
« c 11 *c
O -W«£ A «* H -C II II - U IV
O ~O ^j*-
ci c OA «~-
2 2 -t t*- ru»
o -<i/i <Ji rn c -^z
c «m
j> -« en v»
o«o o »o
O V_-« U> (J d> t !-<«
-« -H -« O o &">
«J«-«O
* x. c
o
-»
CJ
O
O
C.4O
i«l O
ro
l\) U 3
<

O
m

r\>

o
c
1*1

O««««^4I««^«CD(fiUDl9(«JDJDJ9iJDa>-^<^l^4-^<-^<^^^
o«^-^»ai*'u»iv^O'4}gE>^j^iji*k U'i'\)^-o<o(i>^j(7>iji*>u>f\)
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
 SUB30JTINE

37 32010
MOUO(NJDO) =04TE 92020
DDD=OATE 32030
32040
IF (NUOD.GT.l ) GO TO 39 92050
ICK (MSD)=NJ 92060
MU«1 92070
WRITE (IFP) <4ST«K40AYi ( tI*K4ST«<4DAY) 92090
00 3« I=1.<40AY 32090
38 >JPR(T)*0.0 32100
30 TO 43 32110
39 92120
IF (ITES.E3.1) GO TO 41 92130
MU=1 92140
IF AT EMU O r A SE3UENCE 0 OAYS» 32150
W^ITE UO TO IFILEO 32160
WRITE (IFlLEl) K4DAY. ( JO(I) «I = l»<4 r)Ar) 92170
00 40 Isl,<OAY 921RO
40 JO(I)=0.0 32190
30 T3 *3 92200
41 92210
30 TO 43 32220
4?' IF (CN.LE.DCCN) fiO TO 56 32230
32240
43 92250
DATA IMTO A^^AYS ACCO^DISG TD CODE TYPE 92260
32270
=0 32280
00 44 < = ««K4DAY 92290
I»I*1 32300
UD(K)sX?(I) 92310
IF (OPTIOM.Nc.IOUT(l) ) GO TO 30 9?320
^HITE (^.t7?) STflDl tSTAtY^.MT.DY.CT.CNJ.t (X?(I) .1 = 1*12) tCOJE 92330
SO TO 20 32340
OATFS FO-? 200E5 3*4 32350
3EAD (5«73) ^TAOl » STA « Y«, M0» CNt ( X,? ( I ) , 1 = 1 1 6) « COOE 92360
IF (CODE.E3.9) 30 TO 57 92370
IF (COOE.E3.4) GO TO 47 92380
00 46 1*1.16 92390
IF (X2(I) ,3F.ia*(MO) ,0*.X?(I) .LT.0.0) 30 TO 46 92*00
X2(I)sIR 32410
CONTINUE 32420
47 32*30
IF (OPTION. MF. IOUT (1 )) fiO TO 43 32440
WHITE (h.7'4) (X?(I) tl>l«16) tCOOE 32450
4R 32460
LEAPsO 92470
IF (*00( .EQ.O) LtAP=l 92430
IF (CM.LT.8) GO TO 92490
32500

122
 SJd*OJTINE
IF (MO.LE.?) GO TO 49 32510
DATE«DATE*uEAP 32520
49 II«YM(YR)*MN(MO*1)-DATE*1 32530
IF (MO.LE.l) GO TO 52 32540
II«II*^EAP 32550
30 TO 52 32560
50 DATE»YN(YR)*MN(MO)*1 32570
IF HO.LE.2) 60 TO 51 32580
DATE«DATE*wEAP 32590
51 II«16 32600
5? IF (CODE.E3.4) GO TO 54 32610
OATA ENTRIES FOR COO- 3 32620
IF (ST4.NE.STAP) GD TO 56 32630
IF (DATE.LE.DPD) GD TO 56 32640
OPQaOATE 32650
32660
32670
1*0 -32680
DO 53 <*««II 32690
I«I*1 32700
CH£C< FOR 3A 3 IN OAI.IY RECORD! 32710
IF (X9(I).^E.99.99) 30 TD 53 32720
IF ^F.RE 1$ A 3A=» SET J a INDICATORS FOR THIS 32730
32740
32750
X2UXO.O 32760
53 OP«)«X?(I) 32770
SO TO 45 32780
DATA ENTRI-S FOR COOi 4 32790
54 IF (STA.NE.STAE) GD TO 56 32800
IF (OATE.LE.DEO) G") TO 56 32810
OEDOATF 32820
32830
32940
1*0 32950
DO 55 <«<K«II 32960
I«T*1 32970
55 DE(K)*X2(I) 32880
30 T3 45 32990
3RINT CARD WlT-« INCONSISTENT DATA 32900
56 rfHITE (6.75) MO.YR.CNtCODE 32910
STOP 32920
57 CONTINJE 32930
INDP(K 3 *1)«IT+1 32940
1=0 32950
J=l 32960
CHEC< FOP IN D UT DATA ER-^DHS 32970
IF HEAOK21) .GT.IDATE) 30 TD 5* 32990
33000

123
 StHROJTINE

STOP 33010
58 L=NO'.ir)(l ) 03020
M = NO'JP(1 ) 33030
<=0 33040
IF (OPT.EQ.l) RETURM 33050
IF (L.EQ.M) SO TO SO 33060
59 rfRlT- (6,76) K,L,M 33070
STOP 33080
60 DO bl < = 'JATERF,DATEPL 33090
1 = 1*1 33100
IF n»( I) .3E.O.O) 30 TO M 33110
IF «.MF.L) 30 TO 59 33120
IF «.Mt.M) SO TO 59 33130
J = J*1 33140
L = NO JD( J) 33150
M=NO IP(J) 031*0
61 COMTIMJE 33170
RETURN! 031RO
03190
6? FORMAT (12 r S.3) 33200
63 FORMAT (1^ ,1 X,36HDAILY IRRIGATION LOADS IM INCHES ARE/1* ,?X»4HJA 33210
1NJ.,2X,4H-E3.,1X,5H-1ARCH,1)(,5HAP-<IL ,3K,3H^AY»2X,4-IJUNE,2X,4HJULY,2X 03220
2,4HAJS.,lx»5HSEfJ T.»?X,4HDCT.»2X»4H ^0,/.,2X,4-(DEC./1H ,12UX,F5.3) ) 03230
64 FORMAT (A4,2I1,I2,I7,5X, 12) 33240
65 FQR-1AT ( 2A4.50A1 .F7.3, Tl » 14A4, A2) 33250
66 FORMAT ( 2A<f,^oAi ,FS.O) 33260
67 FORMAT (2ox, 3i3,3x,3i3) 33270
6B FORMAT ( lHr),?2HDIS:HAR3E STATION ,2A4,50A1/1H .20HJNIT PRECIP. 03280
1 STATION), 2X,?A4,50A1/H »22HDAlLY oRiCIP. STATIOM .2A4»50A1/1H »18 33290
2HPAN-FV/APQ. STATION, 4X. 2 A4.50A1/1H »14HDRAINAGE A»EA«, F7. 3, 9H SO. 33300
3MI./1M ,16-KJMlT DATA ARE IN,-9.3,18H MINJTE INCREMENTS/1 H ,29HTHE 33310
4=ERIOD Of RECORD IS r RDM ,I2»1H-»I 2-»H-»I2,6H (DAY = ,I7»5H) TO .12, 33320
51H-,l2«H-» 12, 6H (OAYs,I7,H)l 33330
ft9 FORMAT (1HO,6HJPON =,I3/1H ,?HJ a Eft M = ,11/H ,5HOPT s,I2) 33340
70 FORMAT (2A4,*I2»I3.12F5.0.I1) 33350
71 FORMAT (24^,512, 12-5.0, ix, n ) 33360
72 F OPMAT (1H ,?A4,5I3,12F8.2,I3) 33370
73 FQ9MAT (2A4*?I2*Il«lSF4.?t2x«Il ) 33380
7<f FORMAT (in ,?A4,2I3,I2, js( IX,F^ .2) .13) 33390
75 FORMAT ( lnO,29HtpPlR ONJ A tJ>JIT OR DAILY CARD/H ,35HOATE.CN, AND C 33400
1DDE OF T^IS CARD A -*F : , 5X , I 4 , 1 H/ , I 2 »5x,3HCN=, I4,5X,5MCODE=, 12) 33410
7* FORMAT ('?Ox,3I6/lHO,27HUNJ!T DAYS SPECIFIED ON UNIT,29HANO DAILY CA 334PO
1ROS DO NOT MATCH) 33430
77 FORMAT (H ,37HPR03PAM IS 3I4E>J5IOME^ FOR A WAV. OF ,I2»23H CONSEC 33440
1JTIVF STORM OAYS.llH FOR 3TI^E=» r 5 .1) 33450
7q FORMAT ( 1H0.30HPFRIOO Of- ^ECORO C» NMDT EXCEED, 15, 5H DAYS) 33460
79 FORMAT (HO,S6HtMD OF REC090 MJST *E &T LEAST 1 DAY AFTER LAST LJNI 33470
IT DAY) 334BO
RO FORMAT (HI) 33490
E'>1D 33500

124
 SUBROUTINE IN»JT?(.PERM,JREC3S)

SUBROUTINE IMPUT?( JPERMi JRECOS) * 10

INTEGER TRYCT,ROOYS,3EL5, OPT, EO,FO,B3, OPTION, RITE»TESTNO(60) R 20
INTEGE'* MF(60) ,NFE(60) »NFS(63) R 30
REAL ISE3.IU», ILAT.IN2, IHP.POBS ( 60, 3)
DIMENSION <1(60), <?(60) R 50
COMMON /Cl/ NSEG.I5E3(99) ,IJ3(99,3) »>JPAR,K:>SET(99) ,IHETH(99) R 60
COMMON /C3/ TPRNTtT,AR(ll) »8 r L(60) »F.0TH(99) ,KSE3(99) t NDX(99) ,02,Q R 70
15UM,3SJML,STO(99) R 90
COMMON! /C<*/ DEL5,ISVE,3C«i»QLAT»lLAT(99,4) t ITEST (99) , ITYPE (99) , JLAT R 90
1 (99,*),JJP(99,3),P(2981,3)»PARA«I(99, ?) , RCOEF ( 99, 3) ,U 3 R ( 8643) R 100
COMMON /Ct>/ ALPHA(99) tEM(99) »FRN(99) ,3MAX(99) »5LOPE(99) ,ALPADJ R 110
COMMON /C6/ OT,OTS,OJP,OX(99),P5JM(1?0,3) tSFVOL(6Q) ,5FP<(60) R 120
COMMON /C7/ ECOMP,<ISlTiMOJTtNRSiOSl, JPUMi<INt9AT,DAl,DA2iDA3 R 130
COMMON /Cb/ lit IK,TRYCTt<OUT(150) t IHrD(150),PTIMEtNO,OJTVOL(60) R 140
COMMON /Dl/ OP(7310) ,ROOYSt NSD, UNIT , YDYS, MDTSt I CK (60 ) R 150
COMMON /E2/ SMAX(<»9) ,IN2tS202(99) ,AL»i«OTSX,XEM,YEM,Iv|OEiWX,METH R 160
COMMON /EJ/ OELT4T, N08, Q5(ll) tI33tI43-,U, QIH(2981) tQIN 3 T(60) R 170
COMMON /E<*/ 4V(99tlO) , 51 ( 99, 10 ) , Cl ( 99, 10 ) R 130
COMMON /ES/ 52(99,10) ,5(9<i, 10) »C(99, 10) R 190
COMMON /Fl/ TCT,W(1442),R(1442),IPL(150),K< R 200
COMMON /Zl/ ^3,04, -0,FO,MK,N><, NO, IMP, <NN,N09. OPT, IOUT(2) ,NOAY, NOEL R 210
R 220
COMMON /Z3/ <l,K?,^r,NFE,NFS»POdS,TE5TSO R 230
COMMON /Z4/ OE(73lf)) ,UD(2881) ,X2(16) ,DIM«>(9,2),FPK(bO) ,FVOL(60) ,IP R 240
*H9) ,INDP(45) * I RE 5 (30) MOJPUSO) ,NO»TE ( 60, 3) , X ( 40) ,OF,IEAC R 250
lNTvftL=( a TlMr*o.001) /DT R 260
MOFE=1 R 270
11=1 R 2*0
MSOO=n R 290
INITIALISE VARIABLES R 300
00 1 1*1,60 R 310
FP<(I)sO.O R 320
r VOL(I)=0.0 R 330
CONTINJF R 340
fu^ =:ACH SET u^ EVEMTS, THE MO. OF EVENTS IN THE SET R 350
IS ENTERED POP AS MAYY TIMES AS THERE A*E EVENTS IN THE R 360
SET. A SET OF EVENTS CONSISTS OF A FRACTION OF A DAY OP R 370
A SERIES 0- CONTINUOJS DAYS. R 3*0
*EAO (5,1?) T. (N*-«) iKcl.I) R 390
WRITE (6,13) I, (MF«) ,< = !,!) R 400
3E3IN ANALYSIS O e A 5ET OF R 410
00 3 IM1«NU3|) R 4?0
IF (MOJP(I + 1) .NP. (XOJ^d ) +1 ) ) 30 TO R 430
COvlTlNJE R 440
NFIl=Nf(^DFF ) R 450
14=11 R 460
11=1*1 R 470
Sm*l R 490
BE3TN ANALYSIS 0- A R 490
5 READ (5,11) <S,<E,</OLl.DISCH R 500

125
 SUBROUTINE .PERM.JRECOS)
DETERMINE NO. OF RECORDS ^OR STORM R 510
JRCSs«E-KS+l)«INT»/AL R 530
IF (JRCS.LT.YDTS) 30 TO 5 R 530
WRITE (6,20) NOFE*MOTS R 540
STOP R 550
6 JRCS=JRCS/120+1-(1-MINO(1»MOD(JRCS*1?0))) * 550
JRCS=JRCS»MSEG R 570
IF (OI5CH.EQ.O.O) WRITE (6,14) NJOFE, <6,KE, JRCS * 530
IF OISC-I.3T.O.O) WRITE (6,15) MOFE, <S, <E, JRCS, DISCH R 590
R 600
IF «E.LE.ITES) GO TO 7 R 610
WRITE (6,22) NOFE.ITES R 620
STOP R 630
7 FVOL(MOFE)
R 650
ITEST(MO p E)=JHCS R SoO
R 670
<2(NOFE) R 680
LJ=KS R 690
R 700
R 710
<S=«S-1) R 7?0
<E=KF»")EL5 R 730
^FS(SJO-E) =<S R 740
MFF(NJO r E) =<F R 750
DO 8 111=1 R 7SO
£>ORS(N3FE. III)=0.0 R 770
/NDATE IS USED r OR JCi 0 HF THE OATE OF STORM R 790
I3=I4*LJ/MOELS ^ 790
MDATE(NJOF£tl )=IHYO(I3) * 900
R BIO
R
MOFE=MDFE*1 R
CHEC< FOW MORE STORMS I M SET OF EVENTS R 340
IF (MFIUGT.O) GO TO 5 R 850
CHEC< TO S£F IP ALL TVE^TS HAVE 3E-NJ ANALYZED R 860
IF (VJU 3 O.S-.I1) GO TO 2 R 370
NJOF£=NOFE-1 R
REAL) (5,12) (KOiJT(I) ,Jrl ,MOFD R 390
rfWITE (*>,1S) (KOUT (I) ,1 = 1 «NO r E) R 900
READ (5,12) (TESTND(I) ,I = 1 R 910
WRITE (6,17) (TfSTMO(I) »I R 9?0
930
READ (5.12) , = 940
WRIT r (6«13) (IPL(I) 950
REAu (5,12) (IHYOd) 960
MRC=n 970
WRITE (6»19) (HYO(I ) ,1 = 1 ,MO r E)
oo i" TS!,N»O-E ^ 990
IF (IPL(I) .FQ.1.AN3.<OJT(I) .EQ.O) I»_I(I)*0 R1000

126
 SU3HOUTIME J'ER*» JRECDS)
IF «OJT(I) .EQ.O) 30 TO 9 R1010
IF (JP-RM.EO.l) NR:*NRC*ITEST(I) R1020
IF ( JPERM.EQ.O.AMD.NRC.LT.mST( R1030
IF (TEST^O(I) .ME.l) 30 TD 10 RIOtO
01050
10 COMTINJE R1060
NRCsNRC+ R1070
J«ECDS*NRC R10RO
rfRITE (* ? JRECD5 R1090
RETURN R1100
R1110
11 R1120
1? FORMAT (*oi2> R1130
13 FORMAT (//lH0.9HTHiRE ARE»U»32H STO^M EVENTS SROUPE3 AS FOLLOWS.1 R1UO
10I6/5U6X.10I6/)) R1150
u FORMAT <H .^HSTORM ^o..i3,2?H START? AT TIME PERIOD.is.12H AND EN R1150
IDS AT.IS^X.MHRECORDS REQUIRED r OR 30JTIN3 = ,U) R1170
15 FORMAT (in .^HSTOR* NO..u.2?H STARTS AT TIME »ERioo.i5.i2H AND EN R1180
13S AT,I5,7X,31HRECDROS REQUIRED FOR 90UTIN3 = ,U,8X.7HOISCH «,F7. R1190
?3.4H C C S) R1200
16 FORMAT (lr|0.?7HOETAILfc") DUTPJT FOrf STORMS . 301 3/?8X 3013)
17 FORMAT (IHO.I^HSTO^M EVENTS IN THE OBJ. FCT, A*E »3oi3/35x«30i3) R1220
i« FORMAT <1HO,?9HTHE «;TORM E^/EMTS 'LDTTID ARE ,3oi3/30x,30i3) R1230
15 FORMAT (1HO,?9HI^PJT MYDPOGRAPHS FDR STORMS .3013/30X»30 I 3)
20 FORMAT (HO.PSHNUMBFP OF OT»S FO^ ST-JRM ,i3»*H EXCEEDS.ISJ
21 FORMAT dM0.^7HNUM3ER DF -JECDRDS USED. FOP DIRECT ACCESS FILE =.isj R1260
2? FORMAT (lHO,12H*E r OR ST3RM,I3»13M SHOJL^ NOT EXCEEU»J5) R1270
ENO

127
 SJB30UTIME °*OUT (IV.PAC)

SUBROUTIME P30UT(I\/,»AC) 10
INTESE-* ^ADl (120) .HEAD2(60.2) »HEA03(SO) 20
INTESE* 3ITE. 83. EO.FO. OPTION, TRYCT.DELSPtTESTNO ( SO ) 30
INTEGER XF(60) ,NFE(60) .Nrs(60) 40
*EA|_ SMS3(3,2) »8MS3(3,2) .*09S( 50
DIMENSION <1(60). <?(60) 60
COMMON /C3/ IPRNTtTtAR(ll) ,B r L(SO) ,FJ3TH(99) ,KSES(99) ,MDX(99) ,02, Q 70
1SUM,3«!JML.ST^(99) BO
COMMON /Cb/ DT.OTS.QJP.DX<99) ,3SJM(1?0,3) »SFVO|_(60) ,5FP<(60) 90
COMMON /C7/ ECOMP.-UXIT. WJT.N^S.OSI, J»U>J.<IN. !*AT»DA1,DA2.DA3 S 100
COMMON /C></ Il,I<.TPYCTt<OUT (150) »IHfD(150) , <>TME. NO . 0 JTVOL ( 60 ) S 110
COMMDN /rj/ IFILF.le-ILED,IFI_E?»JHECD6»I*FCD.N3ECDS»HEADl,HEAD2.HE S 120
S 130
COMMON /Zl/ 33»OA,-n,FD«^i<«NNj,NO»IMP,<NNJfND9,03T.IOUT{?) »NOAY»NOEL S UO
IS, \0'E« NJJ^^.^DEL. RITE. OELSP.EPSwM.OPTlON.CO^F 5 150
COMMON /Z2/ A(?00) t3(lt) tE(lt) t p (l*) tSUO) tH(40) tU(3) OPTNOdt) .- S 160
COMMOM /ZJ/ <1 ,K?»MF.NfE»>4FStP035.TE5r^O S 170
COMMON /Z4/ OE (7310) .U0(?fl^l) »X2(16) ,DIM3(9t2) .FPK(60) ,FVOL(60) .IP S 180
1^(99) ,IN3P(45) .IRE 5 (30) ,MOU?(150) , MO* TE ( 60 , 3 ) . X ( 40 ) . OF , I EAC 5 190
IF (IV.GT.l) GO TO 3 5 200
LL=0
dRITE (6.1?) 5 220
DO 2 1=1 , OF? S 230
WRITE (6.15) I. (NOATEd. Ill) .111 = 1.3) S 240
XRITE (6. IS) (III« 3 03S(I.III) . III=1» M^3) 5 250
IF (F\nt_ (I ) .e-Q.0.0) 30 TO 1 S 260
«>WIT- (b,17) FVOL(T) S 270
IF (PP<(I) .FQ.0.0) SO TO 1 S 280
**ITE (6.19) FPK(I) ,3FL(I) S 290
IF «OJT(I) .EO.l) .L S LL*1 S 300
IF «OJT(I) .PQ.l ) HFAD3(LL) =MOATE(I. 3)»10000*NDATE(I.1)»100*NDATE( 5 310
11,2) S 320
CONTINJE 330
340
CONTTNJE 350
IF «NM.£t'j.n) GO TO 5 360
IF (33.NE.1) WRITE (6.14) 370
IF M3.NE.1) GO TO S 5 3*0
WRITE (6,13) S 390
WRIT" (6.19) U(NM) S 400
DO 4 1=1 ,EO S 410
WRIT? (6.20) I.X ( I) ,3(1) ,H(I ) 5 420
CONTINJF S 430
IF (IEAC.tJ.1) WPITE (*>,?!) S 440
WRITE (6,2?) 5 450
DO 11 I = 1 5 460
S 470
3CWSO.O 5 480
00 6 111=1, M3G S 490
LJ*III*3 S 500

128
 6 aCOaC*+DmP<LJ.l)*PSlH<I.III)OI*»<_U.2>»»SUM<I12fIII) S 510
aC*=aC*/(5280.»5280.»DA)»PAC S 520
IF (SFYOL(I).LT.QCrf) Srv3UI)=aCrf S 530
IF (TESTMO(I).EQ.l) SO TD 9 S 5*0
IF <FV3L<I).EQ.O.O) SO T3 7 S 550
MRITE (6t23) I,(NDATE(I.111).111*1.3).3C*tSFVOL<I).FVOL(I).OUTVOL( S560
II).FPK(I).SF»K(I) S 570
GO T3 U S 580
7 IF (SF'K(I).9T.OtO) SO TO 8 S 590
rfRITE (6t23) It(NDATE(I.III)»III*1»3)»3C*»SFVOL(I» S600
30 T3 11 S 610
9 WRITE (6*24) I»(MDATE(1.111)t111 = 1.3)tQCritSFVOL<I).SFPK(I) S620
SO TO 11 S 630
9 VRsO.O S 640
IF <Fv3L(I).rQ.O.O.O*.SFV3LU).£9.0.3) GO TO 10 S 650
VRsAL03<FV3L<I)/SFVOL(I))»*2 S 660
10 4RITE (6*23) I. (NDATEd.III) »III = 1»3) .3C*.SFVOL<I)«FVOL(I).OUTVOL< S 670
II) tF*K(I) tSF^Kd) .VR .- S 680
11 CONTINUE S 690
IF (ud).3T.o.o) W*ITE <s,?5) ud) s 700
RETJRM S 710
S 720
12 FORMAT <lHl,45Xt?4HCJMMA3Y 3 ?1 MEASURED DATA) S 730
13 FORMAT <i*unxt44-irMD o^ RUM RESJLTS o r LAST SUCCESSFUL TRIAD s 740
14 FORMAT (ini.sox.ift-iBEGiNMiNS OF STAS^I) s 750
is FORMAT <HO/IM .26HSTORM.Ru^3FF EVENT MUMBER ti3t7H OATEDti3tin/t s 7&o
1I2.H/.I2) S 770
If) FORMAT (1H .31HMEA5URED ^AlM r ALL GA3E MUM9ER.3(13.3H * ,F9.3t7H S 780
IINCHES)) S 790
17 FORMAT (1H .24HMEA5JRED DIRECT ^ J-MOF "l *. F9,3.7H INCHES) S 800
13 FORMAT (1H ,?5HMEASURED =>EAK 3ISClAR3 =tF9.2.4H CFS/H .18HBASEFL S 910
10* AS5JME9 s,F7.3.4H C^S) S 820
19 FORMAT (In .?OH08JECTIVE FU^CTI3M =t r 42.3/1 HO.12X»5M^IMAL.6X15HLOW S 930
1ER.6X,5HJP3E9/1H t?HPA^AMETE :»t3XtSHVft.UE»6X.SH?OUNDtSXt5HBOUND) S 940
20 FORMAT (in ,i5tix«3(Fii.t)j S 950
21 FORMAT (lhO.?lHNFW VALJE FOR RAT IS , r 6.3/) S 860
22 FORMAT </H0.22X.9HSIMULATED/2lXtl3H3£Rv/IOJS AREA.6X, 9HSIMULATED.8 S 970
lXtHHMEASJREO,9Xt9HSTMUlATEOt:>Xt8-»MEASJ9EDt3X.9HSIMlJLAT-0/lH t6H ST S 980
20*Mtl3X,15-»RAINFAL_« EXCESS. 2X. 1 5-1RAI ^FALL EXCESS.2X. 15H DIRECT RUN S 990
33FF ,?X,1JHRJNOFF VOLUME»5Xt*H 3 EAK,7X.4M»EA<,6Xt12lC3NTRIBUTION/lH S 900
4 t6HMU*HE^t4X.4hDATF-.9X.94(I\JCHES) t «< « 8H (I MCHES ) « 9Xt «*H ( INCHES) t5Xt S 910
515HAT DUTL-T (IN.).4Xt5H(CFS).SXt5H(2^S)t5Xt12HTO OBJ. FCT.) S 920
23 FORMAT UH ,T4tI6.H/tI2.M/.I2tF14.3.FlS.lt2Fl7.3t2F12.2tF15.3) S 930
24 FORMAT (H ,T4tI6tlH/tI2.1H/tI2tFU.3tF16.3t46x,Fiz.a) S 940
25 FORMAT (H0.10H08J-CTIVE FUM3TI3M F0»> PEAKS =. C 12.3) S 950
ENLi S 960-

129
 SUBROUTINE PRF.KIJ<StIJ<tICNTtSRVt3MX)

SUBROUTINE PQFLUJ^tUK.ICNT.S^tSMX) T 10
THIS SUBROUTINE OUT'UTS DETAILED SIMULATED DATA T 20
AND SETS IP DATA FOR PLOTTINS' T 30
INTEGER 33»T*YCT,DiL5,OPT»OPTION,EO, r O.RITE.DEL5:> T 40
»EAL ISE3,Iu:>»ILAT,IMP T 50
COMMON /Cl/ VJSEG,I5F,3(99) ,IU S (99,3) ,^AR.K:>SET(99) ,!METrt(99) T 60
COM'ION /C3/ TPRNT»T,ARU1 ) ,3 r L(60) ,F.GTH(99) ,KSES(9y) ,MDX(99) »Q2,Q T 70
1SUM,-}SJMI_,STO(99) T BO
COMMON /C4/ DEL5,I5VE,^CW,'5LAT,ILAT(39,*) , I TEST (99) , I TYPE (99) ,JLAT T 90
1 (99,4) ,JJP(99,3) *P(?881.3) ,P ARAM (99,?) ,RCOiF(99,3) ,U3R(8643) T 100
COMMON /C8/ Il,I«tTRYCT.<OUT(150) , I HO (150) , PTI MEt ND, 0 JTVOL (60 ) T 110
COMMON /Fl/ ICT»Q(14*2) ,R(1442) ,IPL(i50) ,K< T 120
COMMON /F2/ FLW(144?) ,FLAT(U42) ,FJP(144?) T 130
COMMON /Zl/ ^3,DA,EO,FO,^K,N>J,SO,IMP,<>4N,ND9 f O !»T,IOUT(?) ,NDAY»NDEL T 140
T 150
COMMON /Z4/ OE(7310) ,UD(?Q91) ,X2(lb) ,DIM3(9,?) ,F»K(60) ,FVOL(60) ,IP T 160
1R(99) ,INJP(45) , I RE 5 (30) ,>nuo(150) , MD ATE ( 60 , 3) , X ( 40 ) , OF, IE AC T 170
DIMENSION n(5)» IHP(5), T*^(5)» TOUT(5), MOJT(5) T 180
< = KK T 190
IF (IP*«).LT.l) GO TO 1 T too
*Rm (^,8) II T 210
WRITE (f>,7) TSEG(K) T 220
T 230
IJJ=0 T 240
15*0 T 250
ICT = 0 T 260
T 270
T 2RO
T 290
00 6 I=IJ<S,TJK T 300
UJaTJJ*! T 310
T 320
IF ( T JJ.Mt.TiLS) TO b T 330
IJ,J = 0 T 340
T 350
T 360
MOUT ( T 370
T 380
TOUT( T 390
IF .LT.l ) GO TO 2 T 400
T 410
I 5)= A* DO (TOUT ( 15) t ! ) »*0. T 420
? IF (I5.LT.5.AND.I..T.IJK) 30 TO 6 T 430
IF (IPR(K) .LT.l ) GO TO 3 T 440
WRIT' (*,10) (IHR( Iv) tTMM(lv) »^T(IV) lV«ltI5) T 450
1 IF K.ME.KSESINSFG) ) GO TO S T 460
FIND OUTLET PEA< AND VO.UM- 0? T 470
SiT J 3 C OR °LDTTING OUT.ET H T 430
00 * Jsl,l5 T 490
T 500

130
 J<tICNTtSRV«3MX)

SRV»SRV+*T(J) T 530
IF m<J).3T.QMX) 3MX*9T(J) T 530
IF (IP.(I1).?Q.O) 30 TD 4 T 340
QUCMT)sTOJT<J)+*OJT(J)«?4. T 550
COMTIMJE T 56 °
I5=ff T 570
COMTIMJE T 58 °

600
FORMAT (in ,4ox,flHSE3MENT «A4/) 610
FQOMAT (1H0.40X,1?-«STORH NUM3E^tI3) 630
9 FOWMAT (5(7X,4HTIME,5X,5H F|_*)W« 1 X ) /5 ( 7X t 5H 4X»6-« ( CFS) ) ) 630
10 FORMAT (5(Sx,ia,lH:,F3.0,F10.3) ) T 640
END T 650-

131
 SLHtfOUTINE STORM 10
5TDRM ANALYSIS ROUTINE 20
INTE3E3 30
40
3EAL ISF3.IU*. ILAT,IN2.IMP,P08S(!»0.3).I2CFSP 50
DIMENSION <1(60), <?(60) 60
COMMON /Cl/ NSEG,I5FS(9«J),lU 3 <99.3).^<»AR,K:>SET<99)f HETH<9*> 70
COMMON /C3/ IPRNT,T,AR(H) , 3 r L (J>0) t F.BTH (99) .KSEG(99),ND*(CO).02.0 80
1SUM,3SJML.STD{99) 90
COMMON /C*/ OEL5»I5VE»3CW,QLATtILAT(99,4)tITEST(99),ITYPE(««) J 100
1 (99.4) ,jJf»(99,3) »P(?881,3) .PAR AM (99.?) .RCO£F(99.3) .U'R( J 110
COMMON /CD/ ALPHA(99).EH(99),FRN(99),3MAX(99),9LOPE(99) U 120
COMMON /C6/ OTtOTStQJP.OX(99),P5JM(1?0.3).SFVOL(SO),SFP<(6?) J 130
COMMON /C7/ ECOM?.<INIT»NOUT.N^3.0SI.J»UN,<IN.9AT»DA1,DA2.DA3 J 140
COMMON /CH/ Il,IiC,TOYCT,<n-JT(150) .IHYDU50) , PT I ME .NO, 0 JTVOt ( 60 ) J 150
COMMON /Dl/ OPI7310).HDDYS.NSD,IJ^IT.NDYSf^DTS«ICK(f>0) J 160
COMMON /£?/ SMAX(99)«lN2tS20?(99)«AL3^DTSX,xEM.YEM,IMOEtrfXtMETH J 170
COMMON /E3/ OELTAT.N08,05(11),I33«I*3tIJ.OIH(2981).OIN'T(6O U 180
COMMON /E»/ WV(V9.10).51(99,10)tCl(99,10) J 190
COMMON /E5/ S?(99,10),S(99,10),C(99,10) J 200
COMMON /Fl/ TCT,Q(l442),5(1442)«IPL(150),K< J 210
COMMON /ZJ/ ^3»DA,£0,FO,>«,N>J,ND«IMP,<NN,N09,0 3 T,IOUT(2) ,N?»Y,NOEL J 2?0
J 230
COMMON /73/ <1 ,<? WF,N C E» JFSt J 240
COMMON /Z4/ OE(7310).UD(?B91)tX2(l6)tOIM3(9,2) »FPK (60) .FVOL(60) t IP J 250
IKF>(30) ,><0'JD(150) t MOftTE(60,3) ,X(40) tDF* IEAC J 2SO
is SET TO NJM3E* o p TIMT, INTERVALS FOR A *AIN GAGE J 270
J 2RO
5290*«2/12**0«60»24=?6.398: CONVERTS INCHES TO CFS J 290
J 300
J 310
14 = J 320
J 330
ANALYSIS o r A SEJ J 340
oo J 350
IF MO JP(I*1 ) .MF. (N3JP(I)*m 30 TO ? J 360
I COMTINJE J 370
? >JFI 1 -N r (>JJ r P1
11=1*1 J 390
dciix ANALYSIS o- A > J 400
J 410
J 420
J 430
J 440
J 450
J 460
MFI1=M-I1-1 J 470
JT- TOTA. PAIN C ALL FO^ STO^M AND U 490
SE STAPT OF <;TD*M TO COINCIOE WITH J 490
FI-«5T KAINFAL- J 500

132
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 E IMITOP
INITOP V 10
» INITIAL OPTIMISATION P-D'JTINE » V 30
INTEGER d3»EO»FO,03TNO»T3YCT.OPT»OPTION.:?lTEfDEL5P V BO
=*£AL ISE3.IU 3 ,IMP V 60
COMMON /Cl/ MSEG,I5E3<99) ,IJ»(9*,3) » ^AW,K»SET<99) ,m£TH<99) V/ 70
COMMDM /C8/ Il»K»T3YCT»<OUTd50) »IHf3C150) » PTI ME NO » 0 JTVOL ( 60 ) v/ 80
COMMON! /Zl/ 33»OA,=:9,FO»NK,NM,>10»IMP»<NN»ND9»0:»T,IOUT(2> ,NOAY»NDEL V 90
IS, NOFF.NJPD.aOEL.RlTEt'DELSPfEPSLN, OPTION, CORF V 100
C04MOM /72/ A<200) ,0(14) ,E<14) ,F(14) ,3(40) ,*(40) »U(3) ,0=»TNOd4) V 110
COMMON /Z4/ OE(7310) tUD(?99i) ,X2(16) ,01*3(9,2) ,FPK(60) »FVOL<60) .IP V i?0
IN3PU5) tiaESOO) tNO(JP(150) ,ND*TE(60t3) ,X(*0) »OF»IEAC S/ 130
MT»(9) ,FMT^1 (10) V UO
DATA FMT 3 1/3HPSP,4H<SAT»3HR3- ,^3MSN,3HEtfC,?HR=?,3HEACf4H,3X, »3H1H+ S/ 150
DATA F*T 3 /<»H(1H .<H , I 3, , <»H3X ,F t 4-11 2. S<« <»H, 3X « » 2HA4 , 1H ,H »1H)/ S/ 170
OF=1.0E*29 V 180
DO 1 1=1,3 V 190
1 JdlsO.O V 200
VEA.J (5,11) ?OtFOt <«EPSLW S/ 210
NJNs? V/ 220
VJPAKrl V 230
IF (^O.RT.7) NPAP=? S/ 240
DO 2 T=1*EO V 250
2 3EAO (S,l?) K(I) «G(I) V H(I) S/ 260
3EAO (5,14) (OPT'JO(I) .Isi.PQ) \/ 270

00 3 1*1*031, FO ^ 29Q
1 OPTMO(I) *n V/ 300
SET MAXI^IM TH?YCT s/ 310
MK = KttFO \/ 320
IF (VJK.F'J.O) h3=l ' V 330
")0 ^ 1=] ,?00 V/ 340
4 A(I)sO.O V/ 350
DO 5 T = l t 1 4 S/ 360
D(I ) =0.0 V 370
Ed ) =0 V/ 330
n F ( I) =0 V 390
TKYTT = O s/ 4oo
c^ic< IP INITIAL OA^AMETE^ \M_JE WITHIM OUTE^ SOJNOARY s/ 4io
00 7 1=1 ,EO V 420
XX=X(T) V 430
IK (XX.LE.3d)) 30 TD 6 V 440
IF (XX.GZ.-IU) ) fiO TO S V/ 450
5TDRE TflTlA^ =A-VAMETE^ V/ALU-IS S/ 460
XtEU+DsXX V 470
SO TO 7 V 4*0
IF PA&AMETiP VALJES MOT dlTHIY ^OU^OARY VALUES V/ 490
V/ 500

134
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16 FORMAT (lX.lf)Fl?.6) V1010

17 F031AT (1H X/1H .31HTHE *AX. NJ19ER DP ITERATIONS* tU//lH ,58HINI V10?0
ITIALLY AND AFTER EAC^ \/ECTO« MATRIX WTHOND»?MALI7ATI DNt/1H ,40HTHE V1030
? PAKAMET-^IC VECTOR I^CRE^E^T SIZE IS. F 7,3tl9H OF THE VECTOR SIZE/) V1CKO
IR FORMAT (*ni?j VIOBO
END V1060-

136
 SUBROUTINE

10
MOOIFIED <ROSEN'3ROC< OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE 30

INTEGER EOtFO.OPTND f 93,T9YCTtEtF,ami»OPTI3NtO»TtDEL5P 50

REAL HP 60
COMMON /CH/ Il»IKtT*YCTt<3UT(150) tIHYDU50) t PT I MEtND, 0 JTVOL ( 60 ) 70
COMMON /Zl/ R3tDA.-OtFO»NKt.N*tND.IMPt<NNtND9.0e»TtIOUT(2) tNDAYtNDEL 80
90
COMMON /Z?/ A (200) .0(14) tE(14) »F(14) t 3(40) »H(40) »U(3) t3PTNOU4) 100
COMMON /Z4/ OE(7310) tU3(2881) iX2(16) tDIM»(9.2).FPK(60) tFVOL(60) .IP 110
1R(99),INDP(45) 1 1 RES (30) tMOUP(150) t NO ATE ( 60 13) t X ( 40) OF. IE AC 120
DATA 81/0. O/, 82/0. O/ 130
UU*U(NM) 140
CH-C< FOR IMPROVEMENT ORJ=:CTIVE FUNCTION 150
IF (JU.GT.OF) GO TO &
ME* OBJECTIVE LESS THAN OLD 09J. PUNCTION ITO
00 3 I=1«FO 180
190
XX=X(M) 200
<=EO*M
220
CHEC< ON 230
IF («V.GE.3(O) RO TO 1 240
GD*(3«)-XX)/(G(K)-'*(M) 250
260
GO TO ? 270
ON 280
1 IF (XX.LE.HK) ) GO TO 3 290
300
HD = U'J-H(L) 310
2 JU = UJ* ( (-?.0»GO*4.fl) »GO-3.0) »GD»H() 320
IF ( JlJ.-GT.Of) GO TO 6 330
3 COMTINJF 340
SET OF TO gc-«/ o^J. FCT. 350
360
00 4 T=l «FT 370
OLD 3 A^AMETF.^ y/ALJE IM .AST THIRD OF MATRIX 3BO
390
400
410
4?0
430
CHEC< ON INJNER ROJMOARIES 440
IF (xx.(,T.H«)) GO TO 4 450
IF (VX.LT.S(O) SO TO 4 460
E\TE9 CURRiMT OHJ. ^CT. I' 3 * H ASSAYS 470
3(L)=U I
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4 CONTINJE 500

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 SU830JTINE
3B FORMAT (in ,4HBi *tF9.&t 3Xt 4HB2 «tF9.5) «20io
39 FORMAT (1H .P4HNEW 03THOMORMAL BASIS ) *2020
40 FORMAT (1H ,16F8.5) rf2030
41 FORMAT (in .IBHSTA^T OF STAGE STEP SIZE INCREMEMTS/H »i3Fio.6) i<2040
END ^2050-

141
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 SU3HOUTIME SEQOAtDlMP)
CHECK SEGMENT FOR UPSTREAM SEGMENTS WHICH HA^C NOT X 510
BEEN 5EQUEMCED YET X 520
DO IT J=l,3 X 530
IF (JlP(ItJl) 15,15,13 X 540
13 «»JU*(I,J> X 550
IF (iTiST(O) 14,14,15 X 560
14 N»l X 570
15 CONTINJE X 580
CHEC< SEGMENT FOR ANY LATERAJ INFLOW SE3MCNTS WHICH X 590
H4VF NOT BEFN SE^UENCED YET X SOO
DO 1R J*l,4 X 610
IF (JLAT(I»J)J 1R,19«1S X 620
16 <=JLAT(I,J) X 630
IF (ITEST(O) 17,17,18 X 640
17 X 650
CONTINJE X 660
IF SEGMENT HAS NO UNSE3JENCED! JPSTREAM OR LATERAL INFLOW X 670
SE3MFNTS.SEOJENCE IT NEXT X 680
IF (M) 19,19,9 X 690
11=11*1 X 700
<SE3(II)=I 710
ITEST(I)=1 720
IF (II-MSE3) 9,20,?0 730
DUTPJT COM3|jTATIDN SiQJENCE 740
20 M=0 750
WRITE (6,30) 760
DO 27 1=1 770
X 730
IF (ITYPE«) .F.O.S) RD TO 2] X 790
IF <ITYPE«)-4) 21»?1»26 X 800
CHEC< FOR CHANNELS WITH "IISM^S IN r LO« X 910
21 ^N=0 X 820
DO 24 J=l,3 X 830
IF (JLAT««J» ??,??, 23 X 940
22 IF ( JU 3 «« J) ) 24.JH,?3 X 850
23 X 860
24 COMTINJE X 970
IF (><N) 25,?5,2b X 980
25 N= X 990
(6»31) K,ISF3«) X 900
SO TD ?7 X 910
26 WRITE (6,J?) K, ISE3«) »ALPHA(K) ,EM(K) X 920
Cn£C< FO 1^ IM 3 UT DATA ERROR X 930
27 CONTINJE X 940
IF <^J) ?*»?9,28 X 950
29 WRITc- (6.33) X 960
STOP X 970
COMTINJE X 990
CALL AREA(DA,OIMP,MONCH) X 990
RETURN X1000

143
 X1010
30 FORMAT (IHI.IOX.ZIHCOMOUTATIDN sEajE^CEti6x»26HKiNEMATic WAVE PAR xiozo
1 AMETERS//iax.5HINDiXt3X,7rlSE3ME^T»19X»5X»5^LPHA»6XtlH1) XI 030
31 FORMAT (S£X,I3»e>X,<U.6Xt?2HMISSI^3 I^LO* SESME^T) XlO^O
3? 6-ORM4T (13X,T3.5X,A4.F31.a.F10.3) X1050
33 FORMAT <ino,?9HERPOQ IN DROE^IMS OF SEGMENTS) xioso
ENO X1070-

144
 SUBROUTINE AREA(DA,DIMP,NOMCH)

SUBROUTINE AREA(OA,OIMP,NONCH) Y 10
1. CHECKS COMPUTED DRAINAGE AREA VERSUS FURNISHED Y 20
DRAINAGE AREA. 2. DETERMINES =>ERVIDUS AND IM»E*VIOUS Y 30
AHEAS COVERED 9Y EACH RAIN GA3E FOR EACH SOIL TYPE Y 40
INTEGER DE.5,TRYCT,E,F,0>TNO Y 50
REAL OIM3(9,?),DT(?00,6,2),I5EG,IUP,I.AT Y 60
DIMENSION <S(99) . Y 70
COMMON XC1X NSEG,ISE3(99),IJ»(99,3),NPAR,K3SET(99),IMETH(99) Y 80
COMMON /C3/ TPRNT,T,AR(ll),y-L(60),F.OTM(99),KSEG(99),NDX(99),Q2,Q Y 90
1SUMOSJML»STD(99) Y 100
COMMON XC4X DEL5»ISVE,3C*.3LAT»ILAT09,4),ITEST(99),ITYPE(99),JLAT Y 110
1(99,4),JJ»(99»3),P(?881,3),»ARAM(99,?),RCOEF(99«3),U?R(8643) Y 120
COMMON XC7/ ECOMP,<INIT,NOUT»NR3,OSl,JPUNt<IN,RATtDAi,j>A2,DA3 Y 130
COMMON XC«/ T1»K»TRYCT»<OUT(150) ,IHYD(150) »PTIME»ND,OJTVOL(60) Y 140
COMMON XZ2X A(200),0(14),E(14),F(14),3(40),H(40),U(3),OPTNO(14) Y 150
DA1=0.0 Y 160
DA2»0.0 Y 170
DA3*0.0 Y 190
DO 1 J*l,2 Y 190
DO 1 1*1,9 Y 200
1 OIMP(I,J)=0.0 Y 210
<LL s NScG*l00 Y 220
DO 4 L=l,N 3 A^ Y 230
00 3 1*1,K.L Y 240
00 2 J«l«6 Y 250
2 DT(I,J,L)*0.0 Y 260
3 CONTINJE Y 270
4 CONTINJE Y 280
DAMO.O Y 290
CA.C'JLATF. 3 E*VIOJS AND IMPERVIOUS DRAINAGE AREA FROM Y 300
3V-RLANO F.OW SE3MENTS INTO -:»CH CHANNEL FOR EACH RAIN Y 310
3A3E AND SDTL TY»E Y 320
)0 9 T*1«NSE3 Y 330
IF (ITYPE(I) .NE.S. AND.ITY^Ed) . N- .6) 30 TO 9 Y 340
DO rt K_=1,NSE6 Y 350
00 7 KMsl,4 Y 360
<L1*<L*NS£3 % Y 370
IF (I.NF..JLAT(KLtK«l) ) 30 TO 7 Y 390
RK=0.n ' Y 390
DO 5 K4Msl,NPG Y 400
5 RK = *<*-«C3E r ( T ,KMM) Y 410
IF (^K.LT.0.98.OR.*<.GT.1.02) **ITE (S,23) Y 420
DO b K<=1,NPAR Y 430
->K = 0,0 Y 440
IF «DSET(I).EQ.KK) BKsl.O Y 450
DO 6 KMM*1,3 Y 460
Y 470
.3TH«L)»FL3TH(I)*RCOiF(I,KMM)»PK*PARAM(I,l) Y 4flO
OT(KL,<Mm,K<)*DT«L«Kv|Ml,KK)*DTEMP»»lARAM(I,2) Y 490

145
 SUBROUTINE ARE<UDAtDIMP,^0«4CH)

Y 510
DT(KLt<MM,<K)sOT(K_,<MM«<K)*DTE^ !:> *PA9AM(I»2) Y 520
DT<KLl.K*M,K<)sDT«Ll.<MM.<K)OTEMP«<l.^PA*AM<I,2M Y 530
6 COMTINJE Y 5*0
f CONTINJE Y 550
9 CONTINUE Y 560
9 CONTINJE Y 570
ASSRE6ATE DRAINA3E AREA FOR i*CH (HANNEL SEG^NT FOR Y 580
EACH RAIN 3ASE FOR EACH SOIL TYPE Y 590
KMlsNSEG-NONCH Y 600
IF KMl.EQ.l) GO TD 15 Y 610
00 10 1=1,<M1 Y 620
NONCHsMOMC^l Y 630
KS(I)s<SEG(NONCH) Y 640
10 CONTINUE Y 650
<M1=<M1-1 .- Y 660
DO 14 <I=1,<M1 Y &70
KJ = Kq«I) Y 680
<JJ=<J»NSE3 Y 690
<P1=<I*1 Y 700
<=KM1*1 Y 710
30 13 I=<P1,< Y 720
JK=KS(I) Y 730
JKK=JK*NSE3 Y 740
30 1? <M<sl,3 Y 7«50
IF (JU 3 (JK,Kw|K).NF.<J) GO TO 12 Y 760
DO 11 <MM=1,MRG Y 770
<*Ml=KviM + 3 Y 790
DO 11 <K=1,N»AR Y 790
OT( J<«<MM,<K)=DT(J<«<M^«<K) *DT«J,<M«i',<K) Y 800
OT( J<,<MMUK<)rOT( JK.KMM] ,«)*3T«J»<MM1.K<) Y 910
3T ( J<K,K1M,K<) =DT( JK<,<M^,«) *OT « JJ, <HM«K< ) Y 920
DT(J<KtKMMl,<K)aDT< J<K«K*Ml«<K)OT(<JJf<<lMl,KK) Y 830
11 CONTINJE Y 940
12 CONTINJE Y 950
13 CONTINJF. x Y 860
14 CONTINJE Y 970
CA.CJLATE TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA AND TOTAL PERVIOJS AND Y 990
I^ 3FRVIO!JS AREA "OR EACH RAlM' 3A3E AND SOIL TYPE Y 990
15 K=KSEG(NSfc3) Y 90 °
<P = K*NSfT3 Y 910
DTEM01=0.0 Y 920
DO 17 <MMsl,3 Y 930
KMP=<M^*3 Y 940
<MQ=<MVUS Y 950
DO 1*. <K = 1.N3AR Y 960
(K.KMM,K<) *DT«P«<^H,-«) Y 970
) Y 990
Y 990
DIMP«v|P«K<)=DT(KP«i<MM,K<)/MAT YlOOO

146
 SUBROUTINE A*EA(DAtDJMP.MONCH)
rioio
16 CONTINUE Y1020
Y1030
17 CONTINUE Y1040
DO 1R 111=1, MRG Y1050
KMP=III*3 Y1060
V1070
= DA1OHP(III.1)/3AT*100. VIOBO
)/3AT»100. V1090
Y1100
IB CONTIMJE riiio
CHEC< COMPUTED DRAINAGE AREA FURNISHED DRAINAGE AREA Y1120
DAT=DAT/(52flO.«5?BO.) V1130
OAT1=OAT/OA V1UO
DAT?aOA/DAT Y1150
«^MIT£ (6,^0) DA, OAT V1160
IF (DAT1. LT. 1.01. AMD. DAT2.LT. 1.011 3D- TO 19 V1170
F (6.21) V1190
(^>«22) OA1.0A?,OA3 V1190
OA^OAT V1200
DA1=DA1»DA/100. Y1210
OA2sDA?«DA/100. V1220
OA3sDA3«DA/100. Y1230
V1240
V1250
20 FORMAT (//1HQ*?5HFJ<9MISHED 09AIMA6E «^EA *,FS.* t 2X, 1 2MSOUARE MILES Y1260
1/1H ,?5HCO*P ITEO D9AINA3E AREA s . FR. ^ , 2X . 1 2HS9JARE ^IIUES) Y1270
21 FORMAT <1H ,3SH THi«;E DI-FER BY MORE MAN ONE »ERCENT) Y12BO
22 FORMAT (1HO,?2HTHE T^AINAGE 3ASIN IS .F4.1.29H PERCENT EFF. IMPERV Y1290
1IOUS A3EA/1H ,22X.-4.1,3?H »;RCENT NOMEFF. IMPERIOUS AREA/1H t22X Y1300
Y1310
23 FOWMftj (1H0.33HTHEISSEN COEF5. SEGMENTS SHOU Y1320
1LO SUM TO 1.0) V1330
ENO Y1340-

147
 SUBROUTINE A[)JST(EAC.»AC)

SURKOUTIME ADJST(FAC»PAC) Z 10
ADJUSTMENT TO AREAS r O* EAC Z 20
COMMOM /C7/ FCOMP,<lMlT.MOUT»N*3.0SltJPU^t<IN»*AT»DA1tDA2»DA3 Z 30
OIFF=(£AC-l.n)»OAl Z 40
OA1NEW=DA1*OTFF Z 50
Z .60
Z 70
IF OA?NEW.GT.O.O) 3D TO 1 Z 80
'DA3'MEH = t)A3*DA2NEJ ' Z 90
IF nA3NE*.l_T.O.O) 30 TO 3 Z 100
OA8MEW=0.0 Z 110
I IF OA3NEN.E-3.0.n) 3D TO ? Z 120
RAT=(DA?ME*(*-)A3NFW)/DA3NErt Z 130
? IF (DA3.EO.n.O) RFTijRN Z UO
Z 150
Z 160
3 rtPITE (6.<») Z 170
STOP Z 190
Z 190
* FORMAT ( HO.llHUPPiO LIMIT 0\J EAC IS TDO LA^SE) Z 200
EN"> Z 810

148
 AA 10
THIS FUNCTION NUMBERS LATERAJ AMD J»STREAM INFLO* AA 20
SE3MFMTS TD CORRESPOND TD TH-l ISEG'S AA 30
I5F3.IIJ3 AA 40
/Cl/ NSEG.I5E3O9) »IU 3 (99,3) »NPAR»IOSET<99),meTN<99) AA 50
1=1 AA SO
1 IF (X-ISEG(D) 3,2,3 AA 70
? ITRAN=I AA 80
RETURN AA 90
3 1=1*1 AA 100
IF (I-MSEG) 1,1,4 AA 110
4 ITRANsO AA 120
RETURN AA 130
ENO AA 140-

149
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 SUBROUTINE PJNCH(L.i,NDATE.SDELSfCORr,3TIME»JPUS»UtICMT) AC 10
O.IMEMSIOM X?<12), IOAYSU2), N3ATE(6Q»3) AC 20
INTEGER 5TAD1.STAD AC 30
COMMON /C2/ STAD1.5TAD AC 40
COMMON /PI/ ICT.QU442) «*<1442) »IPLU=iO) «K< AC 50
OATA nAYb/31,2b,31,30,31,30,31,31,30t31t30t31/ AC 60
MCN=120.1/ 3 TTME AC 70
IPUN=0 . AC 30
IP=PTI*E AC 90
ICODE*? ' AC 100
30 T"> ? AC 110
LL=LL->JO£LS AC 120
IF (LL.GT.^OELS) GD TO 1 AC 130
IMO=MOATE(I1,1) AC 140
IDYsMDATE(Il«?) AC 150
IYHsMDATEdl.3) AC 160
CO'JTINJF AC 170
00 b I = !»N<:N AC 180
IF (IPJN.E3.ICMT) 30 TO * AC 190
AC 200
IF (LL.GT.Il?) GO TO b AC 210
I1?=T1?-12 AC 220
00 4 J=ltl? AC 230
X2(J)=0.0 AC 240
IF (IPJN.E3.ICNT) 30 TO AC 250
I12=I1?*1 AC 260
IF (LL.GT.I1?) fiO TO 4 AC 270
AC 280
AC 290
4 CONTINJE AC 300
IF (CO^F.Si.n.O) GO TO 5 AC 310
rfRITE <J=>UM,9) STA31 ICODE AC 320
30 TO <> AC 330
(X2«) ) ICODE AC 340
CONTTNJE AC 350
LL=0 AC 360
IDY=IOY*1 AC 370
IF (lOAY5(lM'».GE.nY) GO TO 3 AC 380
IF (IM3.NE.?) GO TO 7 AC 390
IF («0:>(lY4«t) .NE*0) GO TO 7 AC 400
IF (IOY.u£.?9) GO TO 3 AC 410
IMO=IMO*1 AC 420
IDY=1 AC 430
IF (IMO.LE.l?) GO TO 3 AC 440
IMO=1 AC 450
AC 460
30 TO 3 AC 470
CONTINJE AC 480
RETURN AC 490
AC 500

151
 SJ8-JOJTINE PIJMCH<LL,N3ArE. vOELS.CO«'r t 3 TIMEt JPUN.111ICNT)

? FORMAT (?A*t*i2ti3ti2F5*i«ii> AC 5io

10 FORMAT (2A4,=512,12-5.1.1?) AC 530
ENO AC 530'

152
 SUSROUTI^E CORR(*K) r E»SFP<,FP<.) AD 10
DIMENSION SF<>K(60). FP<(SO) AD 20
AN = <). AO 30
SU*XsO. AO 40
SUMYsO. AO 50
SIMXXsO. AO 60
SUMYY*0. AO 70
SUMXY*0. AO 80
^0 1 I=1.MDFF AD 90
X=SF»K(I) AO 100
Y = FP«I) AO 110
IF (X..E.G.0001.OR.Y.LE.0.0001) 30 T> 1 AO 120
AN=AMM. AO 130
5UMXzSJMX*X AO 140
5UMYzSJMY*Y AO 150
SUMXX=SU1XX+X«X AO 160
SUMYYsSUMYY*Y»Y AO 170
SU*XYsSLMXY*X«Y AO 190
CONTINUE' AO 190
IF (AM.LT.3.) RETURN AO 200
VA^=(A>i«SJ^XX-SlJMX»SJMX) /(AV»(AM-1.) ) A3 210
5D1=SQ-»T(V4^) AO 220
\/AR=(AM«SJ^YY-SUMY»SJMY)/(A^»(A^-1.) ) AO 230
SD?*SQ4T(V4R) AO 240
COV=(AX«SlJ«1XY-SUXX»SJMY)/(AM»(AM-1.) ) AO 250
COfl=C(W/(SDl»SD2> AO 260
E «S»<?) COR AO 270
AO 290
AO 290
? FORMAT (1H ,?<?HCOR^E'.ATIDN CDEF. FOR »EA<S *,FB,3) AO 300
ENH AO 310-

153
 SUBROUTINE rdlE$
FILES AE 10
CREATES S^ACE ON HE' DIRECT ACCESS FILE FOR THE AE 20
NJMRER OF RECORDS REQUESTED (JRECDS). AE 30
HEAD1U20) »HEA02<60,?) ,HEAD3(SO) AE *0
COMMON /F3X IFILEfIFILEU,IFI^E 3 .JRECDS,I*ECO,N*ECDS»HEAD 1.HEAD3,HE AE 50
1AD3.NSTRMS, Jf»ERM AE 60
IFILE=?5 AE 70
IF (JRECDS.LE.50) 30 TO 2 AE 80
IF (JR-CDb.LE.100) SO TO 3 AE 90
IF (JRcCDS-500) 1,7.8 AE 100
1 IGO=JPECDS/100*1-(1-MINO(1,»OO(JRECD5,10Q))) AE 110
SO TO (3,<M5»6,7), 130 AE 120
AE 130
? CONTINJE AE UO
DEFINE FILE ?5 (50 t *«0 t L» HEC")) AE 150
50 TO ?P AE 160
T CONTINUE AE 170
DEFINE FILE ?5 (1 00 « 480 ,L» HECD) AE 180
30 TO ?« AE 190
4 COniNJE AE 200
DEFINE FILE ?5(?no,490,L«I*ECD) *£ 210
30 TO ?P AE 220
5 CONTINUE AE 230
DEFINE FILE '5 ( 300 , <»80 «L » HECD) AE 2*0
SO TD ?8 AE 250
^ CONTINUE AE 260
DEFINE FILE ?5UOO,<»«O.L,HECD) *E 27 °
30 TO ?H AE 280
7 CONTINJE AE 290
DEFINE FILE ?5 (E>00 , 490 .L « I ^ECO) AE 300
30 TO ?fl AE 310
9 IGOsJRECDS/^nO-d-IINOtUMDDfJRECDS.SOO) ) ) AE 320
IF (JPECDS.GT.10000) GO TO 29 AE 330
30 TO (9,10,11* 1?* 13»U«15,IS,17,IS, 19,20,?l,?2.23t2*.25,26.27) » I AE 3*0
130 AE 350
AE 360
9 COMTINJE AE 370
DEFINE FILE ?«>(1000.*80»i.«I3EC3) AE 390
30 TD ?R AE 390
10 CONTINJE AE '400
DEFINE FILE ?S(1500,*80,.,I3ECD) AE *10
30 TO ?« AE *20
11 CONTINJE AE *30
DEFINE FILE ?S(?000,*aO,L,I^ECD) AE **0
30 TD ?* AE *50
1? CONTINJF AE *60
DEFINE FILE ?b(2^00.480,L I^ECD) AE *70
30 TO ?« AE *80
13 CONTINJE AE *90
DEFINE FILE ?5(3n00.4HO»L»I*ECD) *

154
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 SUBROUTINE P.IT OtRt ICNT t lENOt YMAX)

SUBROUTINE PLTtQ.RtlCNT.IENDtYMAX) AF 10
THIS SU8ROJTINE SETS UP r OR JINE PRINTER PLOTTING AF ?0
DIMENSION 3(lCNT)t RdCNT) AF 30
INTEGER TRYCT AF 40
COMMON /C8/ Il,IK,TRYCTt<OUT<150) tlHYOdSO) tPTI*EtND,OJTVOL(60) AF 50
LOGICAL »1IMAGE<5230) AF 60
GO TO (1»4»5). IEND AF 70
AF 90
AF 90
A* 100
XMAX*IY+1 AF 110
OIV=10. AF 120
IF (YMAX.LT.10.) niV*0.1 AF 130
IF (YMAX.LT.0.1) DIV*0.01 AF 140
IF (YMAX.LT.0.01) AF 150
AF 160
IAJ=AJ AF 170
YMAX=(IAJ+1.)»DIV/ AF 130
rtRIT^ (6t7) AF 190
FOR fINAL 3 LOTS AF 200
IF (3TIME..T.70.) 30 TO ? AF 210
XMlNsO.O AF 220
XMAX=YMAX AF 230
30 TO 1 AF 2*0
2 *RITE (6»6) II AF 250
3 CALL PuOT2dMAGF,X«UXtXMIN«Y*AX*O.OtS) AF 260
CALL PlOT3(HCtQ«R«ICNT) AF 270
IF (=TIME.3T.70.) CALL PLOT4(2.2-« ) AF 2QO
AF 290
4 CALL P.OT3(HO»W»M.ICNT) AF 300
AF 310
5 CONTINJE AF 320
CALL PLOT*(ll,llHF.Ort IN CFS) AF 330
RETJRN AF 340
AF 350
6 FORMAT (30X,15H»» 5TORM AF 360
7 r OR>4AT (1H1) AF 370
END AF 380-

156
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 SUBROUTINE 'RPLOT
A91010
MSV«10 A31020
SO TO 1 A31030
CONTINJE A31040
IF «PLOT) GO TO 10 A3I050
IF (ERR1) (I r L»30) A31060
IF (ERR3) (I r L»31) A31070
IF (ERRS) (I r L»32) ASIOBO
RETURN A31090
10 YHX^YMAX A3HOO
DHs(YMAX-Y*IN)/FLOAT(NDH) A3IHO
DV= (XMAX-X<nN)/FLOAT (NDV) A3H20
DO 11 I = 1»WP A8H30
AtJNOS(I) =(KMIN*FLOAT( (I-l »NSV) »DV) » r SX ASIUO
ASllSO
I? IMA(iE(I)=d. ASH60
00 16 I=1«MOHP A3H70
ASllBO

I-l «NSH) .ME.O A31200

IF «^|^0 :?) GO TO U AS1210
00 13 J=I1*I? A31220
13 IMAGE(J)*HC AG1230
U CONTINJE A81240
30 If J«I1*I?*MS\/ A31250
IF KNHOR) GO TO 15 A51260
AS1270
30 TO A31280
15 A31290
CONTINJE A31300
XMINlsXMlN-OV//2. A31310
YMlNl=YMIN-OH/2. A31320
A31330
A3l3*0
A31350
IF «P-.OT«f) 30 TO A313SO
17 rfHITE (IFL.33) AS1370
IB CONTINJE A313BO
IF (.NOT.K^LOT) A31390
IF (M3.GT.O) GO TO ASUOO
KPLOTs. FALSE. A31410
A5U20
RETURN A3U30
19 00 2»> 1 = 1. M3
IF (DV) 21«?0,21 ASU50
20 3U11=0 ASU60
30 TO ?2 A31470
21 CONTIMJE A3URO
OU«1=(X (I) - A3U90
22 IF OM) 2 AS1500

159
 SUBROUTINE 9 «PLOT

23 DUM2«0 AS1510
30 TO 25 AS1520
24 CONTINJE AS1530
OUM2=(Y(I)-YMIN1)/}H A31540
25 CONTINJE AS1550
IF (OU*1.LT.O..OR.OU*2.LT.O.) 30 TO ?S AG1560
IF <OU*1.GE.NDVP.OR.DU*2.GE.ND"P) GO TO A31570
AG1580
AG1500
A31600
IMAGE( J) «CH A31610
CONTINJE A51620
RETURN A31630
AS1640
ENTRY 3 L3T4(NL*LA8iL> AG1S50
ENTRY FPLOT4(NL«LA3El) A51660
IF <.NOT.K 3 LOT) RETURN A31670
IF (.NOT.K'LOT2> 60 TO 17 431680
DO 2B I=1*MDHP A51690
IF (I.-Q.NOH3.AND.<ROT3L) GO TO 2« AS1700
*L = 4L AS1710
IF (I.^E.NL) WL=LA3FL(I> A31720
A31730
I1=I2-MOV A31740
IF (MO)(I-1,NSM) .F3.0.ANO..NOT.ORO) 30 TO ?7 AS1750
«<RITE (IFLtFOR2) W.i, (I HASE ( J) » J«11 I ?) A31760
30 TO ?H A31770
27 CONTINJE A317SO
ORONO=(YMX-Fi_OAT(I-l )*OM)*FSY A31790
IF (I.EC A31300
A31910
COMTINJE AG1320
IF KA3SC) GO TO A31B30
J) A31340
RETURN A31950
AG1360
ENTRY DM!T(t<?«) A31970
.E3.1 AS1980
<OROsMDO(LSw,4) .RE.? A31S90
AS1900
RETURM AG1910
A51920
AS1930
A31940
30 FORMAT (Tbt'SOME P.OT1 ARG. ILLESALL^ 0') A31950
31 FORMAT (TbtiMO* OF VERTICAL Jl^ES AS19SO
32 FORMAT (T5««<UDTH OP GRA3-» >121») A31970
33 FORMAT (T5,i»LOT? ^UST BE CA.LED') AS19BO
34 FORMAT (Tb.i»LOT3. ARG2 ) 0») A31990
ENO A52000-

160
 ATTACHMENT H
SAMPLE RUNS
Three example computer runs of DR3M are shown on the following pages. For
each of these runs the input data deck is listed followed by the output from
the program. The first two runs are an optimization and routing run, respectively,
for the Sand Creek tributary basin near Denver, Colorado. In the optimization
run the watershed has been discretized as a single overland-flow segment draining
to a channel segment. In the routing run the watershed is discretized into 18
segments as shown in figure 10.
The third run includes a reservoir segment and is used to semipermanently
store the segment flow files on disk for future access by DR3M-QUAL. A
distributed DR3M-QUAL run using these flow files is included in Attachment F of
the DR3M-QUAL users manual (Alley and Smith, report in preparation).

161
 1000

EXPLANATION
Drainage Basin Boundary
OFQ2 Overland-Flow-Segment Boundary and Number
CH23 Channel Segment and Number
Non-Contributing Area within Drainage Basin
General Direction of Overland Flow

Figure 10. Schematic of Sand Creek tributary basin at

Denver, Colorado, showing segmentation for
rainfall-runoff modeling.
162
 3-1. PAGE 1

1 2 3 * 5 67 9
U34567890 123*567890 123* 567890 123* 567990 123*56 7890 123*567890 123*567890 123*567990

1 LIST1
2 06711600 SANDERSO* GULCH TRIBUTARY AT LAK?MOOD« CO. 0.377
3 06711600 SAWERSON GULCH TRIBUTARY AT LAK£WOOO* CO.
4 06712990 CHERRY CREEK LAKE
5 77 0* 01 79 08 27
6 06711600 SANDERSON GULCH TRIBUTARY AT LAKIWOOO* CO. 5.0
7 0671160077 6 5 523 98 13 6*1 1223
8 0671160077 65 52* 22 1 2 ? 2 0 11 001
9 0671160077 6651
10 0671160077 720 520 9*2
11 0671160077 720 521 2111?2*5*432
12 0671160077 720 522 3131?1111111
13 067H60077 720 523 121111001001
14 0671160077 720 524 001000001
15 0671160077 721 51 00000
16 0671160077 725 516 67594
17 0671160077 725 517 110111021110
18 0671160077 725 518 00*711010010
19 0671160077 725 519 100030002*21
20 0671160077 725 520 110031321
21 0671160079 7 * 518 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 25 27 23 10
22 0671160079 7 * 519 15*13?0100000
23 0671160079 810 55100010323 10 63
24 0671160079 810563312?2200011
25 0671160079 810 57201001000100
26 0671160079 810 580123*1110010
27 0671160079 810 59001030000000
28 0671160079 819 517 000000000002
29 0671160079 819 518 11 3 5 12 5' 7 8 5 13 6 3 11
30 0671160079 819 519 0101000000001
31 9
32 0671160077 4] 0 1 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 18 1 1 69 0 3
33 0671160077 42 0 2 70 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3
34 0671160077 51 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
35 0671160077 52 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 0 0 3
36 0671160077 61 0 0 0 0-100-100 0 0 4 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 3
37 0671160077 62 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3
38 0671160077 71 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
39 0671160077 72 0 0 2-100-100 0 1 0-100 0 0 0 0 09999 3
40 0671160079 519999 148 23 2 0 1 15 16 0 46 1 * 1 1 1 1 3
41 0671160079 52 0 1 0 50 1 3 1 0 30 * 1 1 2 53 5 3
42 0671160079 61 2 1 0 0 0 0 1*7 99 28 0 1 1 1 1 9 1 3
43 0671160079 62 9 1 5 0 1 1 20 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 3
44 0671160079 71 0 0 0-100 5 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 3
45 0671160079 72 0 0 0 0 2 1 * 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 3

1234567890123*567890123*567890123*567890123*567890123*567890123*567890123*567990
123*5679
 L-iLfi^iLi Jilili »_H_Q_fi_a_-»i __i_a_3_,i__ PART
- -?
12345679
12345678901234567890123455789012345679901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
46 0671160079 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5-100 0 0 1 75 1 15 3
47 0671160079 82 6 5-100 1 6 1 0 1 1 27 4 0 0 0 0 3
48 0671299077041 . 15 . 13 .19 .20 .22 .21 .26 .18 . 12 .12 .12 .18 .16 .12 .09 .10 4
49 1)671299077042 . 23 . 23 .20 .21 .16 .26 .20 .26 . 22 .19 .17 .14 .10 .17 .26 4
50 0671299077051 . 26 . 19 .24 .23 .35 .22 .25 .28 . 30 .16 .28 .28 .22 .22 .17 .28 4
51 0071299077052 . 33 . 35 .35 .29 .18 .14 .22 .36 . 37 .29 .12 .29 .08 .21 .57 4
52 0671299077061 . 27 . 33 .24 .35 .25 .45 .20 .18 . 27 .18 .34 .26 .30 .20 .37 .42 4
53 0671299077062 . 28 . 34 .24 .25 .25 .24 .33 .30 36 .31 .42 .36 .25 .50 4
54 0671299077071 . 25 . 38 .39 .34 .33 .13 .30 .37 . 27 .30 .35 .29 .31 .21 .39 .33 4
55 0671299077072 . 39 . 40 .37 .27 .24 .06 .15 .22 . 26 .15 .23 .26 .30 .36 .35 4
56 0671299079051 . 09 . 17 .17 .14 ..2S.40 .08 .17 . 17 .12 .14 .02 .22 .30 .19 .21 4
57 0671299079052 . 11 . 14 .30 .06 .11 .13 .14 .13 . 18 .14 .22 .23 .14 .17 .17
58 0671299079061 . 10 . 11 .33 .19 .23 .25 .31 .31 . .28 . .27 .27 .37 .26 .26
59 0671299079062 . 28 . 29 .25 .29 .33 .32 .18 .26 . 33 .32 .34 .26 .35 .40
60 0671299079071 . 13 . 29 .22 .44 .33 .31 .22 .38 . 26 .33 .35 .46 .29 .44 .45 .25
61 0671299079072 . 30 . 05 .23 .39 .32 .22 .28 .31 . 31 .27 .34 .24 .33 .16 .29
62 0071299079081 . 16 . 28 .36 .36 .41 .42 .50 .25 . 39 .39 .08 .27 .25 .06 .30 .19
63 0671299079082 . 29 . 17 .29 .28 .16 .23 .15 .22 . 19 .16 .15 .24 .21 .25 .23
64 9
65 7 1 10 .06
66 6.0 0.5 8.0
67 0.25 0.1 0.6
68 10. 5.0 20.
69 4.0 2.0 6.0
70 0.7 0.5 1.0
71 0.8 0.7 0.95
72 1.0 0.85 1.15
73 7
74 2 0.5 1.29 1 .05 1.00
75 fVOl 500 13240 . .20 016 1 .0 .25 1 1.0
76 CM01 FRO 1 400 13240 3.2 1.3
77 6111111
78 267 320 .116
79 238 297 .160
80 188 252 .159
81 213 244 .215
82 49 108 .127
83 204 240 .214
84 000000
85 111111
86 000000
87 000000
1234567890123456789012345678901234567390123*567890123456789012345678901234567890
12345678
 ft********************************
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DISTRIBUTED ROUTING RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL*
VERSION 3/23/82

DISCHARGE STATION 06711600 SANDERSON GULCH TRIBUTARY AT LAKErtOOD* CO.

UNIT P4ECIP. STATION 06711600 SANDERSON SULCH TRIBUTARY AT LAKEMOOO* CO.
DAILY ?»ECIP. STATION 06711600 SASDERSON GULCH TRIBUTARY AT LAKEWOOD* CO.
PAN-EVAPO. STATION 06712990 CHERRY C3EEK LAK£l
DRAINAGE AREA* 0.377 SO. MI.
Ui UNIT DATA ARE IN 5.000 MINUTE INCREMENTS
THE PF.RIOO OF RECORD IS FROM i- 1-77 (DAY= 27850) TO 8-27-79 (DAY= 28728)

JPUN s
JPERM
OPT «
 O'O E2'0 S2'0 I2'0 *2' 0 SI'0 91'0 bl'O 22'0 SI 0 E2'0 SI'0 82'0 82'0 /I'O 62'0 2 8 6/ 06621/90
61'0 OE'O SO'O S2'0 /2' 0 80'0 6E'0 6E'0 S2'0 OS ' 0 2*' 0 I*'0 9E'0 SE'O 8<;'0 91'0 I 8 6/ 06621/90
O'O 62'0 SI'0 EE'O *2' 0 tE'O /2'0 IE'0 IE'0 82 *0 22'0 2E'0 6E'0 E2'0 SO'O OE'O 2 6/ 06621/90
S2*0 S*'0 **'0 62'0 9*' 0 SE'O EE'O 9Z'0 BE'O 22 0 IE'0 EE'O *«?'0 22'0 62'0 EI'O I 6/ 06621/90
O'O O'O 0*'0 SE'O 92' 0 *E'0 2E'0 EE'O 92'0 81 0 2£'0 EE'O 62'0 S2'0 bd'O 82'0 2 9 6/ 06621/90
92'0 92'0 /E'O /2'0 /2' 0 O'O 82'0 O'O IE'0 IE 0 S2'0 E2'0 6I'0 EE'O Il'O Ol'O I 9 6/ 06621/90
O'O /I'O /I'O *1'0 E2' 0 22'0 M'O 81*0 EI'O *I 0 EI'O Il'O 90*0 OE'O *I'0 Il'O 2 S 6/ 06621/90
I2'0 61'0 OE'O 22'0 20' 0 M'O 21'0 /I'O /I'O 80 o o*»o S2'0 M'O /I'O /I'O 60'0 I S 6/ 06621/90
O'O SE'O 9E'0 OE'O 92' 0 E2'0 SI'0 92'0 22'0 SI '0 90'0 ^2'0 /2'0 /E'O 0*'0 6E'0 2 06621/90
EE'O 6E'0 12'0 IE'0 62' 0 SE'O OE'O /2'0 /E'O OE '0 Et'O EE'O *E'0 6E'0 SE'O S2'0 I 06621/90
O'O O'O OS'0 S2'0 9E' 0 2*'0 IE'0 9E'0 OE'O EE S2'0 S2'0 *2'0 *E'0 82'0 2 9 06621/90
2*'0 /E'O 02'0 OE'O 92' 0 *E'0 81'0 /2'0 8I'0 02 '0 S*'0 S2'0 SE'O *2'0 EE'O /2'0 I 9 06621/90
O'O /S'O I2'0 60'0 62' 0 21'0 62'0 /E'O 9E'0 22 * 0 ^1*0 6I'0 62'0 SE'O SE'O EE'O 2 S 06621/90
82'0 /I'O 22'0 22'0 82' 0 82'0 9I'0 OE'O 82'0 S2 0 22'0 SE'O E2'0 ^2*0 61'0 92'0 I S 06621/90
O'O 92'0 /I'O Ol'O tl' 0 /I'O 81'0 22'0 92'0 02 0 92 '0 SI'0 I2'0 02*0 E2'0 E2'0 2 06621/90
Ol'O 60'0 21'0 9l'0 81' 0 21'0 21'0 21'0 8I'0 92 0 12'0 22'0 02'0 6I'0 EI'O Sl'O I 06621/90
E O'O O'O O'O O'O 0' 0 *0'0 /2'0 lO'O lO'O 0 0 lO'O SO'O 10*0 **** SO'O 90*0 2 8 6/ 00911/90
E Sl'O lO'O S/'O lO'O 0' 0 O'O **** SO'O 20*0 0 '0 O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O I 8 6/ 00911/90
E O'O O'O lO'O 20'0 10' 0 O'O O'O O'O O'O *0 '0 lO'O 20'0 O'O O'O O'O O'O 2 6/ 00911/90
E 20'0 lO'O lO'O O'O 10' 0 O'O lO'O O'O lO'O 0 '0 O'O SO'O » *» O'O O'O O'O I 6/ 00*11/90
E O'O O'O O'O 20'0 0' 0 lO'O lO'O lO'O lO'O 02 0 lO'O tO'O O'O SO'O lO'O 80'0 2 9 6/ 00911/90
E lO'O 60'0 lO'O lO'O 10' 0 lO'O O'O 82'0 66'0 /* 'I O'O O'O O'O O'O lO'O 20*0 I 9 6/ 00911/90
E O'O SO'O ES'O 20'0 10' 0 lO'O *0'0 OE'O O'O 10 0 EO'O lO'O OS'0 O'O lO'O O'O 2 S 6/ 00911/90
E lO'O lO'O lO'O lO'O *0' 0 lO'O 9*'0 O'O 91'0 SI 0 lO'O O'O 20'0 E2'0 8*'I ** * I S 6/ 00911/90
E O'O **** O'O O'O 0' 0 O'O O'O ***» O'O 10 0 O'O ««* *** 20*0 O'O O'O 2 00911/90
E O'O O'O O'O O'O 0' 0 O'O O'O O'O O'O 0 0 O'O SI'0 O'O O'O O'O O'O I 00911/90
E O'O O'O O'O O'O 0' 0 lO'O lO'O O'O O'O 0 0 O'O O'O lO'O 20'0 EO'O O'O 2 9 LL 00911/90
E O'O O'O O'O O'O 0' 0 /O'O O'O *0'0 O'O 0 *0 »** «* 0*0 O'O O'O O'O I 9 00911/90
E O'O O'O O'O lO'O II' 0 O'O O'O O'O O'O 0 0 O'O O'O bO'O O'O O'O O'O 2 S 00911/90
E O'O O'O lO'O O'O 0' 0 O'O O'O O'O O'O 0 0 O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O EO'O I S LL 00911/90
E O'O O'O O'O O'O 20' 0 O'O O'O O'O O'O 0 '0 O'O O'O It'0 O/'O 20*0 O'O 2 LL 009U/90
E O'O 69'0 lO'O lO'O 81' 0 IE'0 O'O O'O O'O 0 0 O'O O'O 0' 0 62'0 lO'O 0' 0 I * LL 00911/90
I O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O lO'O O'O lO'O O'O 61 S 61 8 t»L 00911/90
I lO'O EO'O 90'0 El'0 SO'O 60*0 /O'O SO'O 21'0 SO'O EO'O It'0 61 S 61 8 6/ 00911/90
I 20'0 O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O /I S 61 8 6/ 00911/90
I O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O lO'O O'O O'O 6 S 01 8 6/ 00911/90
I O'O lO'O O'O O'O lO'O lO'O lO'O *0*0 EO'O 20*0 lO'O O'O 8 S 01 8 6/ 00911/90
I O'O O'O lO'O O'O O'O O'O lO'O O'O O'O lO'O O'O 20*0 / S 01 8 6/ 00911/90
I lO'O lO'O O'O O'O O'O 20*0 20'0 20'0 20'0 tO'O EO'O EO'O 9 S 01 8 6/ 009U/90
1 CO'0 90'0 Ol'O EO'O 20'0 EO'O O'O lO'O O'O O'O O'O tO'O c S 01 8 6/ 00911/90
I O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O lO'O O'O 20'0 EO'O lO'O ^0*0 SI'0 61 S * / 6/ 00911/90
I Ol'O E2'0 /2'0 S2'0 O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O 81 S * i 6/ 00911/90
I O'O o-o O'O lO'O 20'0 EO'O lO'O O'O O'O O'O lO'O lO'O 02 S S2 i /1 00911/90
I lO'O 20'0 tO'O 20'0 O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O tO'O
O'O lO'O O'O O'O lO'O O'O lO'O lO'O /O'O *0'0 O'O O'O
61 S S2 I a 009U/90
I lO'O lO'O O'O lO'O lO'O lO'O O'O tO'O lO'O
61 S S2 / // 00911/90
I O'O
tO'O
lO'O
SO'O /O'O
20*0
90*0 O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O
/I S S2 / a 00911/90
I 60'0
O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O
91 S S2 I LL 00911/90
I O'O
O'O
O'O O'O
O'O lO'O
O'O
O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O lO'O O'O O'O
I S 12 i LL 00911/90
I O'O
O'O lO'O O'O O'O lO'O lO'O lO'O lO'O 20'0 tO'O
*2 S 02 i LL 00911/90
I lO'O
lO'O
O'O
lO'O lO'O lO'O lO'O lO'O 20'0 lO'O EO'O lO'O EO'O
E2 S 02 I LL 00911/90
I 20'0
lO'O
*0'0 *0'0 SO'O *0'0 20'0 20'0 lO'O lO'O lO'O £0*0
22 S 02 i LL 00911/90
I 20'0
EO'O
60'0 O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O
12 S 02 / LL 00911/90
I *0'0
O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O O'O
02 S 02 / LL 00911/90
I O'O
lO'O
O'O
O'O
O'O
O'O lO'O
O'O
lO'O O'O 20'0 20'0 20'0 lO'O 20'0 20'0
I t, 9 9 LL 00911/90
I EO'O 20'0 20'0 lO'O lO'O *0'0 90'0 Ot'O 60'0 O'O O'O
*2 S S 9 LL 00911/90
I tiO'O E2 S S 9 LL 00911/90
INITIAL PARAMETER VALUES (PARAMETERS TO BE OPTIMIZED ARE HARKED WITH A *)
1 6.000000 PSP
2 0.250000 KSAT
3 10.000000 R3F
* 4.000000 9MSN
5 0.700000 EVC
6 O.SOOOOO HR
7 1.000000 EAC *

INITIAL STEP SIZE INCREMENTS

0.060000

THE MAX. NUMBER OF ITERATIONS* 10

INITIALLY AND AFTER EACH VECTOR MATRIX o^THOMORMALiZATiONt

THE PARAMETRIC VECTOR INCREMENT SIZE is. o.oeo DF THE VECTOR SIZE

DUMBER OF SEGMENTS = 2
DT = 0.50 MINUTES
DUMBER OF RAIN SAGES - 1
DUMBER OF SOIL TYPES = 1
IMPERVIOUS RETENTION - 0.05 INCHES
*AT = 1.290
ALPAOJ = 1.00
WX - 0.0
 LENGTH ROUGHNESS THIESSEN COEFFICNTS
SEGMENT JPSTREAM SEGMENTS ADJACENT SEGMENTS TV»E METH IPR NOX (FEET) SLOPE PARAMETER OTHER PARAMETERS
., FP01 5 001 3240.0 0.2000 0.160E-01 1.000 0.250 1 1.00 0.0 0.0
ON CH01 FP01 '+ 001 3240.0 0.0 0.0 3.200 1.300 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
00
 COMPUTATION SEQUENCE KINEMATIC WAVE PARAMETERS

INDEX SEGMENT ALPHA M

1 FP01 41.65 1.670
2 CH01 3.20 1.300

DRAINAGE AREA = 0.3770 SQUARE MILES

COMPUTED DRAINAGE AREA = 0.3765 SQUARE MILES

THE DRAINAGE BASIN IS ?5.0 PERCENT EFF. IMPERVIOJ6 AREA

16.9 PERCENT NONEF*. IMPERVIOUS AREA
58.1 PERCENT PERVI3US

vo THERE AWE 6 STORM EVENTS GROJPED kS FOLLOWS 1 11111

STORM vO. 1 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 267 AND ENDS AT 320 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING * 10
STORM vo. 2 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD ?38 AND ENDS AT 297 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROJTING * 10
STORM vo. 3 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 188 AND ENDS AT 252 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING * 12
STORM vo. 4 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD ?13 AND ENDS AT 244 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROJTING * 6
STORM vo. 5 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 49 AND ENDS AT 108 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROJTING * 10
STORM vo. 6 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD ?04 AND ENDS AT 240 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROJTING * 8
OETAltED OUTPUT FOR STORMS 000000

STORM EVENTS IN THE OBJ. FCT. ARE 111111

THE STOHM EVENTS PLOTTED ARE 000000

INPUT HYDROGRAPHS FOR STORMS 000000

NUMBER OF RECORDS USED FOR DIRECT ACCESS FILE = 0

 Of MEASURED DATA

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 1 DATED 6/ 5/77

MEASURED RAINFALL SAGE NUMBER 1 = 0.600
MEASURED DIRECT RUMOFF = 0.116 INCHES

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER ? DATED 7/20/77

MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER 1 = 0.7*0
MEASURED BIRECT RUNOFF = 0.1«,0 INCHES
I-1
O STORM-3USOFF EVENT NUMBER 3 DATED 7/?5/77
MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER 1 = 0.750 IMCHES
MEASURED BIRECT RUMOFF = 0.159 INCHES

STORM-SUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 4 DATED 7/ 4/79

MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER 1 = 1.110 IMCHES
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF = 0.215 INCHES

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 5 DATED 8/10/79

MEASJRED RAINFALL GAGE NUMBER i = 0.660 IMCHES
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF = 0.127 INCHES

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 6 DATED 8/19/79

MEASURED RAINFALL GASE NUMBER 1 = 0.330
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF = 0.21* INCHES
 3ESIWINS OF STA8E

SIMULATED
PERVIOUS A^EA SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED
STORM RAINFALL EXCESS RAINFALL EXCESS DIRECT RUNOFF RUNOFF VOLUME PEAK PEAK CONTRIBUTION
NUMBER DATE (INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) AT OUTLET (IN.) (CFS) (CFS) TO OBJ. FCT.
1 6/ 5/77 0.003 0.141 0.116 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.037
2 7/20/77 0.003 0.176 0.160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.009
3 7/25/77 0.004 0.179 0.159 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.014
* 7/ 4/79 0.043 0.308 0.215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.130
5 8/10/79 0.002 0.155 0.127 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.039
6 8/19/79 0.012 0.207 0.214 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.001

AT ITFRATION NO. o OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS 0.2299*9

PARAMETER VALUES ARE
6.000000 0.250000 10.000000 4.000000 0.700000 0.800000 1.000000

AT ITERATION NO. 2 OBJECTIVE fU^CTION= 0.1852S6

PARAMETER VALUES ARE
6.000000 0.250000 10.000000 4.000000 0.700000 0.800000 0.970000

AT ITERATION NO. 3 OBJECTIVE ""UNCTIONs 0.105032

PARAMETER VALUES ARE
6.000000 0.250000 10.000000 4.000000 0.700000 0.800000 0.880000

Bl * 0.120000 32 = 0.0
NE* ORT'ONORMAL BASIS
-1.00000
START OF STAGE STE«» SIZE INCREMENTS
0.05?800
 BEGINNING OF STAGE

SIMULATED
PERVIOUS A^EA SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED
STORM RAIMFALL EXCESS RAINFALL EXCiSS DIRECT RUNOFF RUNOFF VOLUME PEAK PEAK CONTRIBUTION
NUMBER DATE (INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) AT OUTLET (IN.) (CFS) (CFS) TO OBJ. FCT.
1 6/ 5/77 0.004 0.125 0.116 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.005
2 7/20/77 0.004 0.155 0.160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.001
3 7/25/77 0.005 0.159 0.159 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000
4 7/ 4/79 0.049 0.292 0.215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.073
5 8/10/79 0.003 0.137 0.127 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.005
6 8/19/79 0.014 0.1 85 0.214 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.020
N)
AT ITERATION NO. ^ OBJECTIVE r UNCTION= 0.105002
PARAMETER VALUES ARE
6.000000 0.250000 10.000000 4.000000 0.700000 0.800000 0.380000

AT ITERATION NO. 7 OBJECTIVE PlJNCTION= 0.100959

PARAMETER VALUES ARE
6.000000 0.250000 10.000000 t.000000 0.700000 0.800000 0.666800

81 * 0.013200 B? = 0.0
NE* ORTHONORMAL BASIS
-1.00000
START OF STAGE STE° SIZE INCREMENTS
0.042008
 BESIMNINS OF STA5E

SIMULATED
PERVIOUS AREA SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED
STORM RAIMFALL EXCESS RAINFALL EXCESS 3IRECT RUNOFF RUNOFF VOLUME PEAK PEAK CONTRIBUTION
NUMBER DATE (INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) AT OUTLET (IN.) (CFS) (CFS) TO OBJ. FCT.
1 6/ 5/77 0.004 0.123 0.116 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.003
2 7/20/77 0.004 0.153 0.160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.002
3 7/25/77 0.005 0.156 0.159 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000
4 7/ 4/79 0.049 0.279 0.215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.068
Ui
5 8/10/79 0.003 0.135 0.127 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.004
6 8/19/79 0.014 0.133 0.214 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.024
AT ITERATION NO. 8 OBJECTIVE *UNCTION= 0.100959
PARAMETER VALUES ARE
6.000000 0.250000 10.000000 4.000000 0.700000 0.800000 0.866800
 END OF RUM RESULTS OF LAST SJCCESSFU.I TRIAL
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION = 0.101

FINAL LOWER UPPER

PARAMETER VALUE BOUND 90UND
1 6.0000 O.SOOO 8.0000
2 0.2500 0.1000 0.6000
3 10.0000 5.0000 20.0000
4 4.0000 2.0000 6.0000
5 0.7000 0.5000 1.0000
6 0.8000 0.7000 0.9500
7 0.8666 0.8500 1.1500

HE* VALUE FOR RAT IS 1.347

SIMULATED
PERVIOUS ARFA SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED
STORM RAINFALL FXCESS RAINFALL EXCESS DIRECT RUNOFF RUNOFF VOLUME PEAK PEAK CONTRIBUTION
NUMBER DATE (INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) AT OUTLET (IN.) (CFS) (CFS) TO OBJ. FCT.
1 6/ 5/77 0.004 0.123 0.116 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.003
2 7/20/77 0.004 0.153 0.160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.002
3 7/25/77 0.005 0.156 0.159 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000
4 7/ 4/79 0.049 0.279 0.215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.068
5 8/10/79 0.003 0.135 0.127 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.004
6 8/19/79 0.014 0.1S3 0.214 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.024
 0.300*.

0.1*0

C
0.180*-

Ui

0.120*.

0.060

0.0 *

0.0 0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120 0.150 0.160 0.210 0.240 0.270 0.300
PLOT OF MEAS.(HD«IZ. AXIS) VERSUS SIM.(VERT. AXIS)
VOLUMES
 fc-ft&MHMI t_t_lJl 3 . PA6E 1

12345679
12345678901234567890123456789012345679901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

1
2 06714310 SAW CREEK TRIBUTARY AT DENVER. COLORADO 0 . 286
3 06714310 SAND CREEK TRIBUTARY AT DENVER* COLORADO
4 40350010 TORT COLLINS
5 73 05 01 74 07 31
6 06714310 SAND CREEK TRIBUTARY AT DENVER. COLORADO 5 0
7 067143107307120519 7 5 1 1
B 067143107307120520 49421 1
9 067143107307190521 0 0 0 0 3 0 29 23 4212 1
10 067143107307190522 1110300 0 0000 1
11 067143107307220514 11 1
12 067143107307220515 9 2 1 1
13 067143107307240519 7 25 28 7 1 7 3 1 0001 1
14 067143107307240520 1210301 2 2121 1
15 067143107307240521 2000300 0 0000 1
16 067143107307300519 4 1 1
17 067143107307300520 16 9 4 1
IB 067143107309070517 0 0 10 47 33 36 26 25 3293 1
19 067143107308070518 1000300 0 0000 1
20 367143107407220501 ? 2 1 1 1 5 23 19 1
21 067143107407220502 20 12 5 5 33 1 1 1 1 1
22 067143107407300506 4 26 33 33 22 1
23 067143107407300507 10 6 3 1 1
24 0671431073 712 519 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 . 00 0.00 8.20 9.50 2
25 067U31073 712 520 9. 8019.0026.0032.0025.03 9.90 6.50 5 .50 4 . 50 3.90 3.20 3.00 2
26 0671431073 712 521 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.80 0.40 0.10 0 .00 0 . 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
27 0671431073 719 521 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.0052 .0068 0056.0033.0024.00 2
28 0671431073 719 52217.0014.0014.0013.0011.00 9.00 7.00 6 .00 5 . 00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2
29 0671431073 719 523 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
30 0671431073 722 514 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
31 0671431073 722 51517.0022.0013.00 9.40 7.5012.00 9.40 5 .50 4 . 50 4.00 3.00 2.30 2
32 0671431073 722 516 1.80 1.20 0.80 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 . 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
33 0671431073 724 519 0.0025.0092.00 10494.0354.0049.0033.0026.0020.0016.0014.00 2
34 0671431073 724 52011.0011.0011.0012.0010.03 9.00 6.20 6 .10 8 . 00 9.6012.0013.00 2
35 0671431073 724 52114.0013.0011.00 9.00 7.63 6.00 5.00 4 .50 4 00 3.00 2.00 1.90 2
36 0671431073 724 522 1.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
37 0671431073 730 519 0.00 3.00 0.00 2«00 3.73 5.20 7.30 4 .10 3 . 50 2.50 1.80 1.60 2
38 0671431073 730 520 3.5032.0029.0019.0012.03 6.90 3.50 2 .80 2 00 1.60 1.00 0.50 2
39 0671431073 730 521 0.20 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
40 0671431073 B 7 517 0.00 0.00 0.0033.00 155' 236 230 215 206 16898.0058.00 2
41 0671431073 B 7 51942.0027.0020.0015.0013.0311.00 9.00 7 .00 6 . 00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2
42 0671431073 B 7 519 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
43 0671431074 722 5 1 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 9.2010.0011 .00 B 90 7.5019.0049.00 2
44 1)671431074 722 5 242.0099.0053.0027.0019.0316.0015.00 9 .20 7 90 6.50 5.80 5.10 2
45 0671431074 722 5 3 4.10 2.90 2.00 1.20 0.53 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2

12345678901234567890123456789012345679901234567890123456789012345678901234567990
12345679
 _ )' R 3 P»6E ?

123*5679
123*567890123*567990123*557890123*567990123*567890123*567890123*567890123*567990

*6 0671431074 730 5 6 0.00 0 .00 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0036. 00 233 251 2
*7 0671431074 730 5 7 193 152 11375.00*4.0023.0015.0012.00 7.50 6. 50 5 .30 4.70 2
48 0671431074 730 5 8 3.00 ? .00 1 .00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0 .00 0.00 2
*9 9
50 0671431073 51 0 .06 0 0 .394.00 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
51 0671431073 52 0 0 0 .01 .12 .29 0 .05 0 0 0 0 .01 .79 0 3
52 0671431073 61 0 0 .OS .07 .01 0 0 .01 0 0 0 0 0 .02 0 0
53 0671*31073 62 0 0 0 0 0000000 0 0 0
54 0671*31073 71 0 0 0 0 000000 0-100 0 .03 01 0
55 0671*31073 72 0 .01-100 .12 .03-100 0-100 .01 0 0 0 .01-100 0
56 0671*31073 81 0 0 0 0 .01 0-100 09999
57 0671*3107* 519999 0 0 .01 0000000 0 0 0 0 9
58 0671*3107* 52 0 0 0 0 0000000 0 0 0 0
59 0671*3107* 61 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .02 .99 .01 0 0 0 .01 0 0 0 3
60 0671*3107* 62 0 0 0 0 0000000 0 0 0 3
61 0671*3107* 71 0 0 0 0 000000 .15 . 16 0 0 .0* 0 3
62 0671*3107* 72 0 0 0 0 0-100 0 0 .01 .01 0 0 0-100 0 3
63 *035001073 51 . 19 .18 .17 .15 .19 .16 .13 .16 .17 .IS .19 . 21 .19 .16 .16 .19 *
64 *035001073 52 . 17 .17 .15 .1* .16 .16 .15 .1* .15 .15 .15 . 18 .16 .20 .19 *
65 4035001073 61 . 12 .27 .25 .29 .3* .22 .30 .3* .30 .40 .12 . 18 .19 .13 .27 .31 *
66 *03S001073 62 . 33 .55 .25 .21 .22 .2* .29 .17 .2* .2* .18 . 25 .20 .23 *
67 4035001073 71 . 29 .27 .29 .2* .28 .29 .31 .17 .19 .31 .2* . 31 .18 .11 .13 .17 *
68 4035001073 72 . 21 .16 .21 .27 .21 .11 .21 .15 .20 .20 .19 . 19 .20 .10 12 *
69 *03S001073 81 . 17 .20 .1* .23 .1* .19 .16 .18 .25 .19 .1* . 19 .21 .2* .28 .25 *
70 403500107* 51 . 26 .26 .13 .22 .23 .26 .26 .30 .25 .17 .33 . 25 .29 .33 .26 .28 *
71 4035001074 52 . 16 .20 .2* .31 .2* .2* .22 .19 .2* .29 .29 . 28 .32 .37 .2* *
72 403500107* 61 . 23 .30 .29 .32 .17 .08 .08 .2* .22 .26 .28 . 26 .31 .29 .27 .13 *
73 4035001074 62 . 16 .21 .29 .30 .3* .1* .21 .29 .27 .21 .2* . 2* .2* .30 *
74 403500107* 71 . 30 .35 .3S .34 .31 .30 .26 .28 .2* .29 .23 . 35 .07 .06 .17 .20 *
75 4031001074 72 . 29 .27 .39 .3? .25 .13 .19 .22 .2* .27 .26 . 3* .19 .20 20 *
76 9
77 7
78 3.0 0.5 8.0
79 0.30 0.1 0.6
80 10. 5.0 20.
81 5.0 2.0 6.0
82 0.7 0.5 1.0
83 0.8 0.7 0.95
84 1.0 0.85 1.15
85
86 18 1.0 1.1* 1 .05 1.0
87 OPOl 5 010 454. .005 .20 .83 0.0 1 1.0
88 3101 507 454. .005 .013 .17 1.0 1 1.
89 DF02 505 392. .022 .015 1.0 .40 1 1.0
90 DF03 506 480. .02* .016 1.0 .3* 1 1.0

123*567890123*5678901234567890123*567990123*567890123*567890123*567890123*567990
123*5679
 DATE 3/25/82

ff'_i*_k*Ji
PAGE 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
12345678901234567890123456789012345679901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
91 OF 04 5 0 7 593. .018 .016 1. 0 .34 1 1.0
92 DF05 5 0 91006. .022 .016 1. 0 .30 1 1.0
93 DF06 5 0 7 295. .004 .016 1. 0 .47 1 1.0
94 OP07 5 010 372. .012 .20 .82 0.0 1 1.0
95 DI07 5 0 5 372. .012 .013 .18 1.0 1 1.0
96 3P08 5 010 699. .007 .20 .95 0.0 1 1.0
97 ->I08 5 0 8 699. .007 .013 .05 1.0 1 1.0
98 DF09 5 0 6 340. .010 .016 1. 0 .22 1 1.0
99 CH20CH23CH21 DP010I01DF02 1 0 3 700. .005 .016 11
100 CH21 3F040F09 3 0 42240. .007 .016 11
101 CH22CH24 OF050F06 3 0 31580. .008 .016 4. 3
00 102 CH23 DF03 3 0 21270. .029 .013 31 .
103 CH24 OP070I07D008DIOB 3 0 62225. .005 .013 50 .
104 CM25CH22CH20 DP010I01DF02 3 1 2 420. .005 .016 11 .
105 b 1 1111 1 1 1
106 226 250
107 247 275
108 1&8 190
109 217 260
110 220 250
111 195 225
112 5 35
113 &8 90
114 1 1 1100 0 0
115 0 0 0000 0 0
116 0 1 0000 0 0
117 0 0 0000 0 0
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
12345679
 J.5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DISTRIBUTED ROUTING RAINFALL-RUNOFF MOO L»
VERSION 3/23/82

DISCHARGE STATION 06714310 SAND CREEK TRIBUTARY AT DENVER* COLORADO

UNIT PRECIP. STATION 06714310 SAMD CREEK TRIBUTARY AT DENVER* COLORADO
DAILY BRECIP. STATION 06714310 SAND CREEK TRIBUTARY AT DENVER* :OLORADO
PA1-EVAP9. STATION 40350010 FORT COLJIMS
DRAINAGE AREA» 0.286 SO. MI.
UNIT DATA ARE IN 5.000 MINUTE INCREMENTS
THE PTRI3D OF RECORD IS FROM 5- 1-73 (OAY= 26419) TO 7-31-74 (OAV» 26875)

JPJN a 0
JPERM < 0
DPT » 0
 INITUu 'ftRAHETER VALUES (PARAMETERS TO BE OPTIMIZED ARE MARKED *ITH A *)

1 3.000000 PSP
2 0.300000 KSAT
3 10.000000 R3F
* 5.000000 9«SN
5 0.700000 EVC
M 6 0.800000 RR
g 7 1.000000 EAC

MUMB£R OF SEGMENTS = 18
DT = 1.00 MINUTES
OF RAIN SASES > 1
OF SOIL TYPES * i
IMPERVIOUS RETENTION = 0.05 INCHES
RAT = 1.1*0
ALPAOJ = 1.00
rf* = 0.0
 LENGTH ROJ8HMCSS TMIESSEM COEFFICNTS
SESMENT JPSTREAM S ADJACENT SEG^E-nS TY»F METH IP* SDK (FEET) SLOPE PARAMETER OTHER PARAMETERS
0»01 0 0 10 454.0 0.0050 0.200£*00 O.S30 0.0 1.00 0.0 0.0
0101 007 454.0 0.0050 0.130£i-01 0.170 1.000 1.00 .0 0.0
OF02 005 382.0 0.0220 0.160E-01 1.000 0.400 .00 .0 0.0
OF03 006 480.0 0.0240 0.160E-01 1.000 0.340 .00 .0 0.0
0*04 007 593.0 0.0180 0.160E-01 1.000 0.340 .00 .0 .0
OF05 009 1006.0 0.0220 0.160E-01 1.000 0.300 .00 .0 .0
0*06 007 295.0 0.0040 0.160E-01 1.000 0.470 .00 .0 .0
QP07 0 0 10 372.0 0.0120 0.200**00 O.S20 0.0 .00 .0 .0
00 0107 005 372.0 0.0120 0.130E-01 0.1BO 1.000 .00 .0
0'08 0 0 10 699.0 0.0070 0.200**00 0.950 0.0 .00 .0 .
OIOB 008 699.0 0.0070 0.130E-01 0.050 1.000 .00 . .
0*09 006 340.0 0.0100 0.160E-01 1.000 0.220 1 .00 . .
c^o CH23 CH21 OP01 0101 OFQ2 1 003 700.0 0.0050 0.160E-01 11.000 0.0 0 0.0 .
CH21 OF04 OF09 3 004 2240.0 0.0070 0.160E-01 11.000 0.0 0 0.0 . .
CH22 CH24 OF05 OF06 3003 1580.0 0.0080 0.160E-01 4.300 0.0 0 0.0 . .
C*Z3 OF03 3 002 1270.0 0.0290 0.130E-01 31.000 0.0 0 0.0 .
C*Z4 OP07 3107 OP09 OIOB 3 006 2225.0 0.0050 0.130E-01 50.000 0.0 0 0.0 .
CH25 CH22 CH20 OP01 0101 OFO? 3012 420.0 0.0050 0.160E-01 11.000 0.0 0 0.0 .
 COMPUTATION SEQUENCE KIMEMATIC WAVE PARAMETERS

INDEX SEGMENT AL BHA M

1 OP01 0.53 .670
2 0101 8.10 670
3 OF02 13.81 .670
4 OF03 14.43 .670
5 OF04 12.49 .670
6 OF05 13.81 .670
7 OF06 5*89 .670
8 OP07 0.8? .670
9 0107 12.56 .670
10 OP08 0.62 670
11 0108 9.59 670
12 OF09 9.31 .670
14 CH21 2.61 .330
16 CH23 4.82 .330
17 CH24 1.72 .330
13 CH20 2.21 .330
15 CH22 3.43 .330
18 CH25 2.21 .330

FURNISHED DRAINAGE AREA = 0.2360 SOUA*?. MILES

COMPUTED DRAINAGE AREA * 0.2996 SQUARE1 MILES
00 DIFFER BY MORE THAN ONE PERCENT
THE DRAINAGE BASIN IS ?4.9 PERCENT EFF. IMPERVIOJS AREA
9.2 PERCENT NONEF^U IMPERVIOUS AREA
65.9 PERCENT PERVIOUS AREA

THERE ARE 8 STORM EVENTS GROJPED AS FO.L04S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

STORM NO. 1 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 226 AND ENDS AT 250 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING « 36
STORM NO. 2 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 247 AND ENDS AT 275 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING 36
STORM NO. 3 STARTS AT TIME PE RI DO 168 AND ENDS AT 190 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING 18
STORM MO. 4 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 217 AND ENDS AT 260 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING 36
STORM NO. 5 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 220 AND ENDS AT 250 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROOTING 36
STORM MO. 6 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 195 AND ENDS AT 225 RECOROS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING 36
STORM NO. 7 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 5 AND ENDS AT 35 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING 36
STORM MO. 8 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 68 AND ENDS AT 90 RECOROS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING = 18

DETAILED OUTPUT FOR STORMS 11110000

STORM EVENTS IN THE OBJ. FCT. ARE 00009000

THE STORM EVENTS PLOTTED ARE 01000000

INPUT HYDROGRAPHS FOR STORMS 00000000

NUMBER OFi RECORDS USED FDR DIRECT ACCESS FILE * 36

 C8I
V V - - -
O O <j -*
~ - - ~tl OS
~ I«
U» ~ \X JO JL
O U» O HI O 0t HI
i u» o * o -n
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u» ui w> o -no
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OB «? o *- OB
rv r\> .-.->-
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- ~ - ~ I -
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»- r\» ^ <o -n
. . o r~
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ut o o ro » ut K
U* «-»-* (J>
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O O « O « -4
* r\) yi u» 9 z
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« <B (B « y» »> o
f\> r\» »» «-
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- - i c-.
rw ui *- 33 x
i/t o en o tn rt
o ^- ui u» -w 11
n i~
u» « * ru -n o
>*« « r\» - ut a
 NIMBER ?
SEGMENT 2H25

TIME FLDW TIME FLDW TIME FLOW TIME FLOrf TIME FLO*
(H3S) i CFS) «H*S) ( C r S) (H9S) 1 CFS) JHRS) < CFS) (MRS) ( CFS)
?0:35. 1.381 20:40. 29.59? ?o:45. 69.650 20:50. 61.804 20:55. 42.838
00 ?i: D. 29.492 21: 5. 21.579 21:10. 16.463 21U5. 13.121 21:20. 10.750
?i:25. 9.734 21:30. 7.083 21:35. 5.775 21:40. 4.747 21:45. 3.935
Pit 50. 3.297 21:55. 2.789 22: 0. 2.382 22: 5. 2.053 2?:iO. 1.784
J»?:i5. 1.564 22:20. 1.381 ?2:?5. 1.229 22:30. 1.100 22:35. 0.992
?2:40. 0.899 22:45. 0.920 22:50. 0.751 22»55. 0.69?
 70.000*.
0

5*. 000< > 0-4

C
4?. 0004

0
00
Ui
C C
28.0004 '
0
C

0 C
1*.000< > .0 >-0 ....... >
C 0
C 0
C
: o
0 coo
C C 0 0
C C 0
C 0 C C
0.0 4 >

20, 000 20.300 20.600 20.900 ?1.200 21.500 21.800 22.100 22.400 22.700 23 .000
 SEGMENT 3H25

TIME FLOW THE FLDW TIME FLOW TIME FLO* TIME FLOW
(MRS) ( CFS) (H3S> ( C^S) (HRS) ( CFS) IHRS) 1 CFS) IHRS) 1 CFS)
1*: 0. 0.081 14: 5. 1.490 14:10. 6.955 14U5. 11.528 14120. 12.554
00 1*: 25. 11.298 14:30. 9.363 14:35. 7.514 14:40. 5.975 14445. 4.764
14:50. 3.827 14:55. 3.114 15: 0. 2.564 15: 5. 2.138 15:10. 1.803
15U5. 1.537 15:20. 1.323 15:25. 1.1*9 15:30. 1.006 15:35. 0.887
15140. 0.788 15:45. 0.704 15:50. 0.632
 STORM NUMBER 4
SEGMENT :H25

TIME FLOW TIME FLO* TIME FLOM

TIME TIME FL3W
CH3S) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS)
( CFS) (H3S) ( C C 5)
18:15. 39.829 16:20. 89.632 19:25. 76.527
18: 5. 0.029 ia:io. 2.550
40.581 18:40. 31.319 19:45. 23.595 19:50. 17.486
18130. 52.905 19:35. 6.932
19: 0. 9.985 19: 5. 8.179 19:10. 7.227 19:15.
00 18155. 19.000 19:40. 4.444
6.625 19:?5. 6.014 19:30. 5.282 19:35. 4.657
19120. 20: 5. 7.229
19145. 4.787 19:50. 5.429 19:55. 6.045 20: o. 6.710
7.167 20:20. 6.341 20525. 5.444 20:30. 4.613
7.570 20U5. 2.064
20:40. 3.?92 ?o:45. 2.798 20:50. 2.394 20:55.
»0:35. 3.992
1.79* 2i: 5. 1.572 21MO. 1.389 2P15. 1.236 2i:20. 1.108
91' 0.
0.999 21:30. 0.907 ?l:35. 0.829 21:40. 0.760
 SUMMARY OP MEASJRED DATA

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 1 DATED 7/12/73

MEASURED RAINFALL BASE NUMBER 1 « 0.330 INCHES
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF = 0.077 INCHES
MEASURED PEAK DISCHARGE = 32.00 CFS
BASEFl OW ASSUMED * 0.0 CFS

STORM--«UNOFF EVENT NUM9ER 2 DATED 7/19/73

MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER 1 < 0.630 INCHES
MEASURED BIRECT RUNOFF = 0.156 INCHES
MEASURED PEAK DISCHARGE < 69.00 C^S
8ASEFI 0« ASSUMED * 0.0 CFS

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 3 DATED 7/22/73

MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER i * 0.230 INCHES
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF = 0.051 INCHES
MEASURED PEAK DISCHARGE = 22.00 CFS
BASEFL0« ASSUMED * 0.0 CFS

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER * DATED 7/24/73

MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER 1 * 0.950 INCHES
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF s 0.320 INCHES
MEASURED PEAK DISCHARGE = 104.00 C^S
BASEFL3M ASSUMED * 0.0 CFS
00
00
STORM-3UMOFF EVENT NUMBER 5 DATED 7/30/73
MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER 1 * 0.340 INCHES
MEASURED BIRECT RUNOFF = 0.064 INCHES
MEASURED PEAK DISCHARSE = 32.00 C^S
9ASEFI OM ASSUMED = 0.0 CFS

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 6 DATED 8/ 7/73

MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER 1 * 1.940 INCHES
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF < 0.&95 INCHES
MEASURED PEAK DISCHARGE = 23&.00 C^S
BASEFl OM ASSUMED < 0.0 CFS

STORM-*UNOFF EVENT NUMBER 7 DATED 7/?2/74

MEASURED RAINFALL SASE NUMBER 1 = 1.060 INCHES
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF = 0.191 INCHES
MEASURED PEAK DISCHARGE = 99.00 c^s
BASEFLOM ASSUMED = 0.0 CFS

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NJM9E9 8 DATED 7/30/74

MEASURED RAINFALL BASE NUMBER 1 = 1.390 INCHES
MEASURED DIRECT RUNOFF = 0.520 INCHES
MEASURED PEAK DISCHARGE = 251.00 C^S
ou ASSUMED < o.o CFS
 SIMULATED
PERVIOUS A^EA SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED MEASjRED SIMULATED
STORM RAINFALL EXCESS 9AIN r lALL EXC [RECT RUN: RUNOFF VOLUME PEAK PEAK CONTRIBUTION
NUMBER DATE (INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) AT OUTLET (IN.) (CFS) (CFS) TO OBJ. FCT.
1 7/12/73 0.002 0.071 0.077 0.066 32.00 19.62
2 7/19/73 0.024 0.168 0.156 0.155 68.00 69.65
3 7/22/73 0.002 0.046 0.051 0.041 22.00 12.55
4 7/24/73 0.026 0.250 0.320 0.237 104.00 89.63
00 5 7/30/73 0.004 0.076 0.064 0.0 32.00 0.0
vo 6 / 7/73 0.232 0.702 0.695 0.0 236.00 0.0
7 7/22/74 0.036 0.297 0.191 0.0 98.00 0.0
8 7/30/74 0.101 0.431 0.520 0.0 251.00 0.0

OBJECTIVE FUNCTION FOR PEAKS 0.577

CORRELATION COEF. FOR PEAKS i 0.982
 O I/I
eM
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o «-
(VI
n x
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IT

rr
e UJ
* >

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o
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190
uo.ooo*-

811.000 -

6*.000*.

44.000

27.000*.
c

0 »

0.0 11.000 22.000 33.000 14.000 55.000 66.000 77.000 88.000 99.000 110.000
PLOT OF HEAS.(H3PIZ. AXIS) VEQSUS SIM.(VERT. AXIS)
PEAKS
 ); R PAGE 1

12345678
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

1 1 1
2 22222222 HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLE FOR LINK KIT -II DR3M-QUAL 0.2
3 06714310
4 40350010
5 71 06 01 72 06 16
6 06714310 5.0
7 0671431071 725 519 26 35 3 1
8 0671431072 6 4 522 10 2
9 0671431072 6 4 523 8 7 4 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
10 0671431072 6 4 524 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
11 0671431072 6551 1
12 9
13 0671431071 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
14 0671431071 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 3
15 0671431071 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
16 0671431071 72 0 2 9 0 0 0 17 0 -70 09999 0 0 0 0 3
17 0671431072 41 09999 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 14 0 0 3
18 0671431072 42 0 0 6 6 1 0 0 0 0 57 39 1 5 1 3 3
vo 19 0671431072 51 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 B 0 24 1 2 0 0 0 3
ro 20 0671431072 52 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 0 0 0 3 a
21 0671431072 61 0 0 105 -54 -56 46 0 0 0 0 77 39 1 1 1 56 3
22 ^035001071 61 .18 .15 .16 .17 .20 . 20 .11 .18 .11 .14 .13 .19 .12 .11 .13 .22 4
23 4035001071 62 .16 .25 .13 .18 .22 . 20 .20 .24 .23 .33 .29 .26 .24 .26 *
24 4035001071 71 .20 .20 .19 .15 .20 . 19 .24 .21 .19 IB .24 .28 .19 .24 .21 .29 4
25 4035001071 72 .25 .26 .18 .23 .15 . 16 .23 .21 .19 .14 .26 .07 .21 .18 .23 4
26 4035001072 41 .15 .18 .17 .16 .21 . IB .21 .13 .13 .14 .15 .13 .17 .16 .19 .17 4
27 4035001072 42 .17 .16 .19 .18 .17 . IB .19 .17 .20 .17 .22 .18 .16 .17 4
28 4035001072 51 .16 .16 .17 .17 .12 . 12 .12 .08 .06 .09 .03 .14 .17 .19 .20 .19 4
29 4035001072 52 .24 .21 .17 .20 .21 . 29 .19 .20 .22 .22 .12 .08 .18 .23 .20 4
30 4035001072 61 .23 .22 .18 .18 .02 . 14 .19 .22 .23 2B .14 .24 .19 .19 .18 .22 4
31 9
32 700 0.0
33 3.0 0.5 6.0
34 0.20 0.05 1.2
35 10.0 5.0 20.0
36 4.0 2.0 6.0
37 0.7 0.5 1.0
38 0.8 0.7 0.95
39 1.0 0.9 1.2
40
41 5 2.5 1.0 1 .05 1.0
42 FP02 5 0 42323 . .020 . 016 1.0 0 .6 1 1.0
43 IH01 5 0 42323 . .022 . 016 0.3 1 .0 1 1.0
44 PPOi 5 0 92323 . .022 . 10 0.7 0. 0 1 1.0
45 CH01 FP02IP01'P01 4 1 41200 . 5.0 1 .3
12345678901234567890123456789012345679901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
12345678
 I_HJt«ifciI iJl-iJl g R Q <? 3,4 M _3i R 3 « PAGE 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 78
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123*567890123*567890123*567890123*567890

46 OE01CH01 8 1 5
47 0.0 0.0
*a 10. 3.63
49 20. 10.9
50 30. 23.
VO 51 50. 39.3
52 2 1 1
53 219 252
54 263 300
55 1 1
56 0 0
57 0 0
58 0 0
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123*567890123*567890123*567890123*567890
! 2 3 * 5 6 7 8
 A**
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DISTRIBUTED ROUTING RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL*
VERSION 3/23/82
» » *

DISCHARGE STATION 22222222 HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLE FOR LINK KITH DR3M-QUAL

UNIT PRECIP. STATION 06714310
DAILY PHECIP. STATION 06714310
PAN-EvAPO. STATION 40350010
DRAINA3E AREA* 0.200 SO. MI.
UNIT DATA ARE IN 5.000 MINUTE INCREMENTS
THE P£*IOD OF RECORD IS PROM 5- 1-71 (DAY* 25719) TO 6-16-72 (DAY= 26100)

JPLJN m 0
JPERM = 1
OPT » 1
 INITIAL PARAMETER VALUES (PARAMETERS TO BE OPTIMIZED ARE HARKED WITH A »>
1 3.000000 PSP
2 0.300000 KSAT
3 10.000000 ROF
* 4.000000 8MSN
5 0.700000 EVC
6 0.800000 RR
7 1.000000 EAC
(-»
ui DUMBER OF SEGMENTS = 5
OT = 2.50 MINUTES
MUMBE9 OF RAIN GAGES = 1
MUM9ER OF SOIL TYPES = 1
IMPERVIOUS RETENTION * 0.05 INCHES
QAT = 1.000
ALPADJ = 1.00
MX = 0.0
 LENGTH ROUGHNESS THIESSEN COEFFICI
SEGMENT UPSTREAM SEGMENTS 'E MET* IP* NOX (FEET) SLOPE PARAMETER OTHER PARAMETERS
FP02 51 0 0 4 2323.0 0.0200 0.160E-01 1.000 0.600 1 1.00 0.0 0.0
IP01 51 0 0 4 2323.0 0.0220 0.160E-01 0.300 1.000 1 1.00 0.0 0.0
PP01 5' 0 0 8 2323.0 0.0220 0.100E+00 0.700 0.0 1 1.00 0.0 0.0
CH01 FP02 IP01 PP01 0 1 4 1200.0 0.0 0.0 5.000 1.300 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
DE01 CH01 9 0 1 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

RESERVOIR SEGMENT DE01

VO

OUTFLOW STORAGE S2/DT*02/2

0.0 0.0 0.0
10.00 3.63 92.12
20.00 10.90 271.60
30.00 23.00 567.00
50.00 39.30 968.30
 COMPUTATION SEQUENCE KINEMATIC WAVE PARAMETERS
INDEX SEGMENT ALPHA M
1 FP02 13.17 1.670
2 IP01 13.81 1.670
3 PP01 2.21 1.670
4 CH01 5.00 1.300
5 OE01 0.0 0.0

FURNISHED DRAINAGE AREA 0.2000 SQUARE MILES

COMPUTED DRAINAGE AREA 0.2000 SQUARE MILES

THE DRAINAGE BASIN IS 45.0 PERCENT EFF. IMPERVIOJS AREA

vo 0.0 PERCENT NONEFF. IMPERVIOUS AREA
55.0 PERCENT PERVIOUS AREA

THERE ARE 2 STORM EVENTS GRO'JPED AS FOLLOWS 1 1

STORM NO. 1 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 219 AND ENDS AT 252 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING
STORM MO. 2 STARTS AT TIME PERIOD 263 AND ENDS AT 300 RECORDS REQUIRED FOR ROUTING

DETAILED OUTPUT FOR STORMS 1 1

STORM EVENTS IN THE OBJ. FCT. ARE 0 0

THE STORM EVENTS PLOTTED ARE 0 0

INPUT HYDROGRAPHS FOR STORMS 0 0

NUMBER OF RECORDS USED FOR DIRECT ACCESS FILE = 13

 STORM NUMBER I
SEGMENT >I01

TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW
(MRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS)
1B:15. 4.494 18:20. 36.298 18:25. 65.129 18:30. 66.840 19:35. 54.913
18:40. 41.932 18:45. 31.867 18:50. 24.570 18:55. 19.302 19: 0. 15.448
19: 5. 12.575 19:10. 10.394 19:15. 8.709 19:20. 7.385 19:25. 6.331
19:30. 5.479 19:35. 4.783 19:40. 4.208 19:45. 3.728 19:50. 3.324
19:55. 2.982 20: o. 2.689 20: 5. 2.437 20:10. 2.219 20:15. 2.029
vo 20:20. 1.863 20:25. 1.717 20:30. 1.568 20:35. 1.473 20:40. 1.371
00 20:45. 1.279 20:50. 1.197 20:55. 1.123 21: o. 1.057

STORM NUM8ER
SEGMENT :>E01
TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW
(MRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( C*-S) (MRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS)
18:15. 0.312 18:20. 4.029 18:25. 12.141 18:30. 18.128 18:35. 21.705
IB: 40. 23.469 18:45. 24.348 18:50. 24.593 18:55. 24.408 19: o. 23.934
19: 5. 23.269 19:io. 22.482 19:15. 21.619 19:20. 20.714 19:25. 19.655
19:30. 18.163 19:35. 16.750 19:40. 15.421 19:45. 14.180 19:50. 13.025
19155. 11.955 20: 0. 10.966 20: 5. 10.056 20:10. 8.515 20:15. 7.202
20:20. 6.122 20:25. 5.232 ?0:30. 4.496 20:35. 3.887 20:40. 3.380
20:45. 2.958 20:50. 2.604 20:55. 2.308 21: o. 2.057

MAXIMUM STORAGE IN DETENTION RESERVOIR 3E01 FOR STORM 1 WAS 16.458 CFS-HOURS
 STORM Ml IM9ER 2
SEGMENT 2H01

TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW
(HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) < CFS)
?i:55. 0.438 22: o. 7.451 22: 5. 18.576 22:10. 27.166 22U5. 32.394
22:20. 31.076 22:25. 27.232 22:30. 23.031 22:35. 18.955 22:40. 16.135
22:45. 13.738 22:50. 11.496 22:55. 9.687 23: o. 8.230 23: 5. 7.418
?3:iO. 6.698 23:15. 5.850 23:20. 5.443 23:?5. 5.067 23:30. 4.516
23:35. 4.027 23:40. 3.607 23:45. 3.242 23:50. 2.926 23:55. 2.880
0: 0. 2.837 0: 5. 2.609 0:10. 2.388 0:15. 2.191 0:20. 2.015
o:25. 1.856 0:30. 1.714 0:35. 1.586 0:40. 1.470 0:45. 1.365
VO 0:50. 1.269 0:55. 1.182 i: 0. 1.103

STORM NUMBER 2
SEGMENT 5E01

TIME FLOW TIME FLDW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW TIME FLOW
(HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) ( CFS) (HRS) i CFS)
?i:55. 0.029 22: o. 0.694 22: 5. 3.314 22:10. 7.368 22:15. 11.054
?2:20. 13.341 22:25. 15.048 22:30. 16.142 22:35. 16.660 22:40. 16.743
22:45. 16.547 22:50. 16.117 22:55. 15.514 23: o. 14.801 23: 5. 14.039
?3:iO. 13.285 23U5. 12.524 23:20. 11.774 23:25. 11.070 23:30. 10.390
?3:35. 9.466 23:40. 8.304 23:45. 7.301 23:50. 6.433 23:55. 5.703
o: 0. 5.123 O: 5. 4.630 0:10. 4.191 0:15. 3.800 0:20. 3.451
o:2S. 3.139 0:30. 2.960 0:35. 2.611 0:40. 2.388 0:45. 2.188
o:50. 2.009 0:55. 1.948 l: 0. 1.703

MAXIMUM STORAGE IN DETENTION RESERVOIR 3E01 FOR STORM 2 WAS B.532 CFS-HOURS
 SUM«mRY OF MEASURED DATA

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 1 DATED 7/25/71

MEASURED RAINFALL SAGE NUMBER 1 = 0.700 INCHES

STORM-RUNOFF EVENT NUMBER 2 DATED 6/ 4/72

MEASURED RAINFALL GAGE NUMBER 1 = 0.540 INCHES

O
o SIMULATED
PERVIOUS AREA SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED
STORM RAINFALL EXCESS RAINFALL EXCESS DIRECT RUNOFF RUNOFF VOLUME PEAK PEAK CONTRIBUTION
NUMBER DATE (INCHES) (INCHES) (INCHES) AT OUTLET (IN.) (CFS) (CFS) TO OBJ. FCT.
1 7/25/71 0.028 0.320 24.59
2 6/ 4/72 0.006 0.227 16.74
 « * MUNOFF FILES STORED *»*»*

STORM NO. DATE STARTING RECORD NUMBER O-i VALUES

1 7/35/71 4 68
g 2 6/ 4/72 9 76