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Interpretation of Results

After conducting experiment 1 entitled “Cascaded Amplifier”, we were able to gather the
following data and results:
 By connecting the generator to the circuit of a DC amplifier, we were able to gather
from the data that the ac output signal (Vo) of Q1 is directly connected and is equal to
the ac input signal (Vi) of Q2, with its terminals classified as collector and base
respectively.
 Based on the data from Table 2-1a, we can say that the transistors from Q1 and Q2
are stable and is working and that no isolation happened since stages 1 and 2 are
connected directly.
 A Direct-coupled amplifier has no capacitor in between its amplifiers.
 By connecting the generator to the circuit of an RC coupled amplifier, we were able
to gather and prove from the data that a coupling capacitor is located between the
output signal (Vo) of Q1 and input signal (Vi) of Q2.
 Based on the data from Table 2-2a, we can say that the transistors form Q1 and Q2
are stable and is working
 There is an isolation between the DC biasing of the first and second stage of an RC
coupled amplifier because of the capacitor present in between the two stages which is
open to DC.
 By connecting the generator to the circuit of a Transformer-coupled amplifier, we
were able to gather from the data that a transformer-coupled amplifier is the one
responsible for coupling through the transformer.
 Based on the data from Table 2-3a, we can say that the transistors from Q1 and Q2
are stable and is working properly.
 There is no isolation between stages 1 and 2 because the transformer does not operate
DC.

Conclusion
After conducting the experiment entitled “Small-Signal Amplifier and gathering data and
results, the following can be concluded:
Through this experiment, we were able to familiarize ourselves with the circuit of a
direct-coupled, rc-coupled and transformer coupled amplifier and further differentiate it apart
from each other. A DC amplifier has its ac output signal (Vo) from Q1 directly connected to its
ac input signal (Vi)from Q2. An RC-coupled amplifier has its ac ouput signaL (Vo) connected to
its ac input signal (Vi), however a capacitor is placed in between the two terminals. A
transformer-coupled amplifier has a transformer connected to the circuit, which is responsible for
coupling.
Based from the gathered data on tables 2-1a, 2-2a and 2-3, we were able to verify proper
biasing of transistors on this experiment. The transistor Q1 and Q2 are all working on the 3
different amplifier circuit because it is in an active mode of operation.
Among the three cascaded amplifiers, the DC-coupled amplifier is the only coupling
method that does not provide DC isolation between its stages since the ac output signal of Q1 is
directly connected to the ac input signal of Q2.
The ac voltage gain of each amplifier stage can be computed by dividing the ac output
signal of Q1 (Vo)/ac input signal of Q1 (Vi) and the same for the next stage.
The overall ac voltage gain of a multistage amplifier can be computed by multiplying the
voltage gain of the first amplifier to the voltage gain of the second amplifier.
When a load is connected to a cascaded amplifier, the ac gain will decrease, since ac gain
is equal to (RC parallel to Rl)/re’.
When a bypass capacitor is placed in the cascaded amplifier, the ac gain will increase
because the bypass capacitor is shorted and is equal to (RC parallel to RL)/re’+RE.

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