Individual/B Duty/Objective Constitutional Composition/Election Appointment Qualification Tenure Removal process Independence/Powers Powers &Functions

ody Status Guaranteed

President Head of Indian Art 52-62 Elected members of By chief justice of a)Citizen of India, 5 years and a)By addressing Art-53 deals with,
state in part V both the houses of India or senior most b)<35 years, eligible for resignation letter to
parliament, legislative judge of SC by taking c)qualified for election as re-election vice-president , a)Executive power
assemblies of state and oath of, Member of Lok sabha, b)Process of b)Legislative power(Veto power,
UT’s of Delhi and a) Faithfully d)should not hold impeachment(Art Ordinance making power(Art
Puducherry(nominated execute office, office of profit under 61)(can be initiated in 123)),
members not b)Preserve, protect union or state either house, prior to 14 c)Financial powers,
participated)-Art 54 and defend day notice and signed d)Judicial powers(Advise from SC
constitution and law, by 1/4th of members 143, Pardoning power(Art 72)),
c)Devote himself to and should pass e)Diplomatic powers,
service and wellbeing majority of 2/3rd of f)Military power,
of people of India the total g)Emergency powers,
membership of
house)
Vice- Chairman of Art 63 in part V By elected and By president a)Citizen of India, 5 years and a)By addressing a)Can be removed by a)Ex-officio chairman of Rajya
President Rajya sabha nominated members of b)<35 years, eligible for resignation letter to absolute majority, sabha,
(or) both houses of c) qualified for election re-election president , b)Salaries and b)Act as president when a vacancy
parliament(Art 66) not as Member of Rajya b)Removed by allowances charged on occurs due to resignation,
Chairman of
by state assemblies sabha, resolution passed by consolidated of India, removal, death or otherwise
Rajya sabha d) should not hold office Rajya sabha by
Not a member of the of profit under union or absolute
Rajya sabha state majority(majority of
total members of
house) and agreed by
Lok sabha(Art 67(B))

Governor To act as an agent Art 153-162 in By president warrant Citizen of India, not less 5 years- By addressing a)Executive power(Art 154)
of Centre and part VI under his hand and than 35 years. holds office resignation letter to b)Legislative power-ordinance
chief executive seal Shall take oath in the during president making(Art 213)
head of state. (Art 155) presence of chief pleasure of c)Financial power
justice of High court president(A d)Judicial power-pardoning
rt 156) power(161)
e)Reserve bill to president(Art
201)
Speaker of To maintain Art 93 in part V By among its members Does not have any As same as for Member 5 years but Cease to be a member a)Can be removed by Interpreter of ,
Lok sabha order and and date fixed by oath of parliament speaker of Lok sabha, absolute majority, a)constitution of India
decorum in house president does vacate a)Resigns by writing to b)Salaries and b)rules of procedure
only when deputy speaker, allowances charged on c)parliamentary precedents in the
newly b)Removed by consolidated of India, house
elected one resolution with c)Work and conduct can Adjourn and suspends the
comes in absolute majority( be discussed only on house,
place majority of total Substantive motion in Perform casting vote in case of
members) with the place, tie,
support of 50 members d)Not to subject to Presides over joint sitting of
with 14 days’ notice in jurisdiction of any court parliament,
advance , on his duties, Allows secret sitting of house,
Can vote in 1st e)7th rank in position Decides money bill or not,
instance not in case of equal to CJI of India who disqualifies the members
tie on the ground of defection(10th
schedule)
Ex-officio chairman of business
advisory ,rules and general
purpose committee
Central - In Part V, 1.Cabinet Ministers- PM by president and Collective responsibility:
council of Art 74 (to aid who heads important other ministers by Art 75-collectively responsible to
ministers and advise ministries president on the Lok sabha
president ) advice of PM Individual Responsibility:
Art 75 2. Ministers of state- Minister should tandem with
(collectively who in charge of council of ministers action or its
responsible and independent dept or decisions
hold office attached to cabinet
during pleasure ministers and not part of Total no of ministers<15% of
of president) cabinet total strength of lok sabha added
3. Deputy ministers: in 91st amendment act
attached to cabinet
ministries or with Cabinet-inserted in Art 352 by
ministers of state and 44th amendment act which does
works as deputy to them. not find place in original
4.Parliamentary constitution
secretaries: no dept
under control and Cabinet committees:
attached to senior Extra constitutional-to reduce
minsters and assist in his workload of cabinet
parliamentary duties a) Standing
committeePermanent in
nature Ex. Political affairs (‘super
cabinet’), Economic affairs and
appointments committee.

b)Ad hoc committeetemporary

in nature
State council - In Part VI a)Cabinet Ministers- CM by governor and Collective responsibility:
of ministers Art 163-to aid who heads important others by advice of Art 163-collectively responsible to
And advice Departments governor but tribal legislative assembly of state
b)Ministers of state- welfare ministers During no confidence all
Art 164- who in charge of in Chattisgarh, ministers including ministers
collective independent dept or Jharkand,odisha from legislative council need to
responsibility attached to cabinet and Madhya resign
ministers not part of Pradesh
cabinet Individual Responsibility:
c)Deputy ministers- Minister should tandem with
attached to cabinet council of ministers action or its
ministries or with decisions
ministers of state and
works as deputy to them Cabinet committees:
Extra constitutional-to reduce
workload of cabinet
a. Standing
committeePermanent
in nature
b. Ad hoc
committeetemporary in
nature
Judge of SC Integrated and Articles 124 to 1 CJI By president a)Citizen of India <65 a)Can resign a)Mode of appointment Original jurisdiction(Art 131),
single system 147 in Part V +30 judges(can be consultation with b)Judge of HC for 5 years b)Can be removed by b)Security of tenure(not Writ jurisdiction(Art 32 only for
Federal court- increased by collegium, or parliament by special by pleasure of president) FR),
court of appeal- parliament) Senior most judge majority on the Appellate
grounds of proved jurisdiction(constitutional
 guardian of Advocate of HC for 10 misbehaviour or c)Fixed service matters,civil,criminal and appeal
constitution years or distinguished incapacity conditions(cannot be by special leave Art 136)
jurist changed by parliament) Advisory jurisdiction(Art 143),
d)Charged on A court of Record,
Consolidated fund of Power of judicial review,
India Other powers(disputes in election
e)Conduct cannot be of president and vice-president,
discussed enquires conduct and behaviour
f)Ban on practice after of UPSC chairman and members,
retirement superintendence over all the
g)Power to punish for courts and tribunals)
contempt
h)Freedom to appoint its
staff
i)Jurisdiction cannot be
curtailed but can be
extended
j)Separation from
executive

Judge of HC Art 214-231 in 1 chief justice and other By president Citizen of India <62 Can resign As same as SC but Original jurisdiction(disputes reg
part IV ‘n’ no of judges decided consultation with CJI Held a judicial office in Can be removed by expenses(salaries and to election of members of
by president(not by +governor of the state the territory of India for parliament by special allowances) of HC parliament and SL, cases from
parliament) 10 years or majority on the charged on consolidated subordinate courts),
Advocate of HC for 10 grounds of proved fund of state but pension Writ jurisdiction(Art 32,226 for
years misbehaviour or of HC judge charged on both FR and other),
incapacity consolidate fund of India Appellate
jurisdiction(civil,criminal,over
administrative tribunals)
Control over subordinate courts,
A court of Record,
Power of judicial review(Art 13
and 226),

CAGI Upholds financial Art 148 By president by 6 years + Can resign by Security of tenure, Art 149-prescibes the duties and
administration warrant under his <65 years addressing to Not eligible for further powers
and controls hand and seal president, office under GOI or
entire financial Removed on the same state, Submits 3 reports,
system in country grounds and same Salary and allowances 1.audit report on appropriation
manner as judge of charged on consolidated accounts
SC. fund of India 2.audit report on finance accounts
3.audit report on public
undertakings

Conducts, legal & regulatory audit

and propriety audit which is
discretionary of CAG.

Audits accounts related to all

expenditure from consolidated
fund of india,
All bodies and authorities
substantially funded from central
or state revenues,
Assist public accounts committee,
 Secures the financial
accountability of the executive
Election Superintendence, Art 324 1 CEC+’n’ no of By president Not prescribed and not 6 yrs or <65 Same as for judge of Mode of appoinmnet Administrative:
Commission direction and commisioners by debarred from any SC Security of tenure(not by to determine electoral
and control of president(2 as of now) further appointemnet by pleasure of president) constituencies and rolls,
elections to govt Fixed service dates and schedules,
commissionr
parliament,states, condtions(cannot be recognition to parties and
president and changed by parliamnet), allocation of symbols
vice-president Other election Quasi-Judicial:
commisoners cannot be Appoint officers for settling
remomoved except on disputes,
the CEC’s Determine code of conduct,
recommendation Cancel polls if irregularities,
supervise elections
Advisory:
Advise president or governor for
disqualification of members,
advise president in case of
election for the state in
president’s rule

UPSC Central recruiting Art 315-323 in Chairman+other By president One half of the members 6 yrs+<65 Adjudged an Only removed by Conducts exams for all India
agency part XIV members held office under central insolvent, president as mentioned services, central services and
or state for 10 yrs and Engage in any paid in constitution, public service of the centrally
not prescribed any employment, Conditions of services administered territories,
qualification Infirmity of mind or cannot be varied to his Should be consulted with all
body, disadvantage, matters relating to
by president for Expenses charge d on appointments,disciplinary
misbehaviour after the consolidated fund of matters,pensions,temporary
binding reference India,chairman or appointments and related to
from SC member not eligible for personnel management to civil
reappointment to tat services,
office and chairman not present annual report to
eligible for any other president who place it before the
employment under GOI houses of parliament with reasons
or state for non- acceptance from govt.
SPSC State recruiting Art 315-323 in Chairman+other By governor of the One half of the members 6 yrs or Adjudged an Only removed by Conducts exams for services to
agency part XIV members state held office under central <62(for insolvent, president as mentioned states ,
or state for 10 yrs and UPSC 65) Engage in any paid in constitution, Should be consulted with all
not prescribed any employment, Conditions of services matters relating to
qualification Infirmity of mind or cannot be varied to his appointments,disciplinary
body, disadvantage, matters,pensions,temporary
by president(not by Expenses charge d on appointments and related to
governor) for consolidated fund of personnel management to state
misbehaviour after the state, civil services,
binding reference chairman or member not present annual report to governor
from SC eligible for who place it before the housed of
reappointment to tat state legislature with reasons for
office but eligible for non- acceptance from govt.
other state SPSC’s and
UPSC and chairman not
eligible for any other
employment under GOI
or state,
NHRC To strengthen Statutory Chairman+4 members By president from 6 Chairman should be 5 yrs or <70 By president under, Only removed by To inquire and Intervene human
institutional body(not member committee retired CJI and other yrs Adjudged an insolvent, president as mentioned rights violation by suo-motu or on
arrangements, constitutional) headed by members should be Engage in any paid in constitution, petition,
look into under the PM+speaker+deputy serving or retired judge employment, Conditions of services Encourage NGO’s working in
allegations of Protection of chairman of rajya of SC or serving or Infirmity of mind or cannot be varied to his human rights field,
human rights Human Rights sabha+Leaders of retired judge of HC +ex- body, disadvantage Powers of civil court,look into
independently Act 1993 opposition in both officio Unsound matters within 1 yr of its
from govt. house+central home members(chairman mind,convicted and occureence,
minister national commission for sentenced to Recommendations are not
minorities,SC’s &ST’s imprisonment, binding nature but central govt
and woman) for misbehaviour should inform its action within 3
and incapacity by months and submit its report to
president after the central or state govt and placed
binding reference before parliament
from SC
SHRC Inquire into As same as Chairman+2 Appointed by Retire chief justice of 5 yrs or <70 By president Only removed by To inquire and Intervene human
violations of NHRC members(1+2) governor on the high court and other yrs under(not by president as mentioned rights violation by suo-motu or on
human rights in recommendation of members should be governor), in constitution, petition,
state list and CM as its serving or retired judge Adjudged an insolvent, Conditions of services Encourage NGO’s working in
concurrent list head+speaker of of high court or district Engage in any paid cannot be varied to his human rights field,
assembly+leader of judge and person with employment, disadvantage Powers of civil court,look into
opposition+state special knowledge in Infirmity of mind or matters within 1 yr of its
home human rights body, occureence,
minister(+chairman Unsound Recommendations are not
and leader of mind,convicted and binding nature but central govt
opposition in council) sentenced to should inform its action within 1
imprisonment, month and submit its report to
for misbehaviour state govt and it placed before
and incapacity by legislature
president after the
binding reference
from SC
CVC Agency for Statutory Central vigilance By president under 4 yrs or 65 By president under, Salary ,allowance Inquire into allegations of central
preventing body,recommen commisisoner+not more his hand and seal yrs Adjudged an insolvent, similar to that of govt public servants based on
corruption in ded by than on the Engage in any paid chairman of UPSC Prevention of corruption act 1988
central govt santhanam 2commissioners(1+2) recommendation of employment, and cannot be varied to and exercises superintendence
committee on PM as its head+home Infirmity of mind or his disadvantage and directions over Delhi police
prevention of minister+leader of body, special establishment
corruption opposition in lok convicted and
sabha sentenced to
imprisonment,
acquired any financial
interest
for misbehaviour
and incapacity by
president after the
binding reference
from SC
CIC Entertains Statutory body 1 CIC+not more than 10 By president on the Eminence in public life 5 yrs or <65 By president under, Salary ,allowance Receive and inquire into
complains and under RTI act members recommendation of with knowledge and yrs Adjudged an insolvent, similar to that of complaint on,
appeals in 2005 PM as its head+union experience in law,science Engage in any paid Chief election Non appointment of
offices,financeial cabinet and tech,social employment, commissioner and PIO’s,refused information,not
insitiutions,PSU’s minister+leader of serice,management,joura Infirmity of mind or cannot be varied to his received response,fees charged
under central opposition in lok nalism,mass media or body, disadvantage are unreasonable,information
govt and UT’s. sabha admin and governance uncopleteness.
 convicted and Powers:
sentenced to Summoning and enforcing
imprisonment,acqui attendance of
red any financial persons,requistitoning any public
interest record from any court or office
for misbehaviour and and directing any public authority
incapacity by president Submits it annual report central
after the binding govt and placed it before
reference from SC parilament
SIC Entertains Statutory body 1 CIC+not more than 10 By governor on the Eminence in public life 5 yrs or <65 By governor under, Salary ,allowance Receive and inquire into
complains and under RTI act members recommendation of with knowledge and yrs Adjudged an insolvent, similar to that of complaint on,
appeals in 2005 CM as its head+state experience in law,science Engage in any paid election Non appointment of
offices,financeial cabinet and tech,social employment, commissioner and PIO’s,refused information,not
insitiutions,PSU’s minister+leader of serice,management,joura Infirmity of mind or cannot be varied to his received response,fees charged
under state. opposition in nalism,mass media or body, disadvantage are unreasonable,information
assembly admin and governance convicted and uncopleteness.
sentenced to Powers:
imprisonment,acqui Summoning and enforcing
red any financial attendance of
interest persons,requistitoning any public
for misbehaviour and record from any court or office
incapacity by president and directing any public authority
after the binding Submits it annual report state
reference from govt and placed it before state
SC(not High court) legislature
Finance Distribution of Art 280 1 chairman +4 members By president Parliament can Constituted - - Distribution of net proceeds of
Commission net proceeds of Quasi-judicial determine, every th taxes,grants-in-aid to states Art
taxes between body Chairman Should have year or 275,measures to augment the
centre and states experience in public earlier time consolidate fund of state.
affairs and other Submits it report to president and
members should have, lays before parliament
A judge of high court or (14th finance commission-
one to qualified to be chairman Y.V. Reddy)
appointed as one,
Specialised knowledge in
finance and accounts,
Wide experience in
financial matters and
administration,
Special knowledge in
economics
Planning For planning and Non- PM as chairman+deputy By PM - - - - Assessment of material,capital
Commission socio-economic constitutional chairman(cabinet and human resources of country
development and non- minister rank)+finance and formulate plans and
statutory body minister as ex-officio determine priorities.
member Orgas:
Technical division
House keeping branch
Programme advisors
NDC To secure co- Non- PM as head+all union - - - - - Prepare guidelines for national
operation from constitutional cabinet ministers+CM of plan, consider and make
states and ensure and non- all assessment, review and
balanced statutory body states+CM/administrato recommend measures on national
development rs of UT’s+members of plan
planning commission
Commission For socio- Constitutional Chairperson+ vice-chair By president Determined by president By - - Investigate and monitor
for SC economic body under Art person +3 members warrant under his president constitutional and other legal
development of 338 hand and seal. safeguards,inquire into
SC’s complaints,participate and advise
on planning process for SCs
To submit annual reports to
president, and to make
recommendations to union or
state
Powers of civi court,
Summoning and enforcing
attendance of
persons,requistitoning any public
record from any court or office
and directing any public authority

Commission For socio- Constitutional Chairperson+ vice-chair By president Determined by president By - - Investigate and monitor
for ST economic body under Art person +3 members warrant under his president constitutional and other legal
development of 338-A hand and seal. safeguards,inquire into
ST’s complaints,participate and advise
on planning process for ST’s
To submit annual reports to
president, and to make
recommendations to union or
state
Powers of civi court,
Summoning and enforcing
attendance of
persons,requistitoning any public
record from any court or office
and directing any public authority

Special To safeguard By 7th Commissioner for By president - - - - Group of people whose mother
officer for linguistic constitutional linguistic minorities tongue is different from that of
Linguistics minorities amendment act +deputy and assistant majority in state.
inserted Art commissioner
minorities
350-B in part Falls under Ministry of minority
XVII affairs
Attorney Highest law In Art 76 AG By president Qualified to be appointed Not fixed by holds office during Rights of audience in all Advise to GOI on legal matters
General officer a judge of SC constitution pleasure of president courts in the territory of and duties of legal character
and india,right to speak and assigned by president.
take part in both housed Appear on behalf of GOI in SC
of parliament or in joint and HC.Solicitor general of India
sitting but without a to assist AG and consititution
right to vote. does no tmention about solicitor
Privileges and genral of India
immunities of
AG=Member of
Parliament,
Does not fall in category
of govt servant and not
debarred from private
legal practice.
Advocate Highest law In Art 165 - By governor Qualified to be appointed Not fixed by holds office during Rights of audience in all Advise to GOI on legal matters
General officer in state a judge of HC constitution pleasure of governor courts in the state,right and duties of legal character
to speak and take part in assigned by governor.
both houses of state
legislature but without a
right to vote.
Privileges and
immunities of
AG=Member of state
legislature,