Through the lands of Kalmuks and Circassians http://cycling.ahands.org/ivo_kalmuks.

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THROUGH THE LANDS OF KALMUKS AND CIRCASSIANS

by Ivo Miesen

Table of Contents

1. Part I—Volgograd to Kalmykia, with Tolik

2. Part II—Stavropol Krai
3. Part III—Pyatigorsk ("five mountains"), with Roman
4. Part IV—Karachay-Cherkessia
5. Part V—Dombai to Cherkessk
6. Part VI—Adygeya Republic
7. Maps
8. Photos
9. Terminology
10. Related Links

[In May 2006, Ivo Miesen solo toured a section of the Southern Federal District of Russia
between the Ukraine and Georgia and east of the Black Sea.]

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> A report about my trip through Southern Russia during may this year [2006].
> Have a good read!
>
> Ivo

Part I—Volgograd (Волгоград) to Kalmykia (Калмыкия),

with Tolik
[→ToC]

Daylight is fading as Tolik and I approach the village of Arshan Zelman. Our water supplies
are low, so we need to replenish them before camping somewhere on the steppe. A bright
yellow Buddhist temple is dominating the entrance of the village. We stop to admire it. Two
young Kalmuks on bikes see us and greet us friendly. We can fetch water out of the well of
one of their houses, but before we can fill our bottles we are invited for Kalmuk tea, with
loads of very fresh milk.

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We started out from Tolik's hometown of Volgograd, a city very busy in the final
celebrations of the end of WWII, a war which nearly completely devastated the city. Since
Tolik lives in the northern suburbs of Volgograd we passed the immense memorial of
Mamajev Kugan, a small hill being one of the scenes of massive fighting during the Battle of
Stalingrad. Everywhere in town are war memorials decorated with fresh flowers. Today it's a
bustling industrial city stretching along the shores of the Volga river for 70km.

It takes us all afternoon before we reach the Volga-Don channel. Only there we leave the
city and soon enter completely different territory. Only a few dozen kilometres from the
banks of the Volga the scenery drastically changes to immense steppe with irregular
villages living either from the road traffic or from their pasture lands. Herds of sheep and
cows are guarded by mounted shepherds with dogs.

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A strong side-wind slows us down and makes the steppe even longer. It's here that the
Kalmuks settled after migrating west from the Asian lands of their ancestors. They brought
their traditions of livestock breeding and Buddhism with them. And their charming
friendliness making the inhospitable steppe a lot warmer.

At irregular intervals truck-driver café's form a small oasis of rest from the wind and
especially on our third day from the rain. Only shortly before the Kalmuk capital of "Jelista"
we see more people and signs of farming. We arrive in the capital while it rains in a dark
night. The next morning we take our time to visit the town. It is a strange combination of drab
Soviet-style apartment blocks and brightly coloured Buddhist shrines and temples. Kalmuk
is spoken everywhere but no one has a problem being addressed in Russian.

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Tolik wants to cross all of Kalmukia before he has to go back to work, so in the afternoon
we continue our ride. In a village south of Jelista we are stopped by a police control. As
usual, they ask for our documents and are quite dumbfounded seeing my Dutch passport. A
few hours later I have to pull it out again, this time at the border demarcating the end of the
Kalmukian pasture lands and the start of Russian farming. Tolik takes the night-bus to
Volgograd from the first village in the Stavropol Kraj while I find a bed in the dormitory
opposite to the station.

Part II—Stavropol Krai (Ставропольский край)

[→ToC]

The TV in the dormitory is showing the usual sort of film at the start of May—displaying the
fearless Soviet soldiers fighting during WWII. The next day is a day of celebration, Victory
Day. For me it's another cycling day, a cycling day with occasional rain-showers. During one

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of these rain-showers I stop at a village restaurant to drink some tea. This time a more luxury
restaurant, not the usual truck stop. Shortly after I've ordered my tea, two army officers enter,
both of them in varying degrees of drunkenness. When they hear that I'm a foreigner they
immediately take interest in me. First they try to persuade me to drink with them, then one of
them starts the usual heavy handedness applied by Russian officers to common soldiers.
Luckily I manage to stay calm. I finish my tea and, with the assistance of the barmaids,
manage to retreat to my bike and the road. I decide to stick to truck-stops for the next days.

In Svetlograd I once again experience that many new roads are constructed in Russia. The
one which, according to the map, is a small and quiet valley road, now in reality is a
ring-road around the town of Svetlograd. Just after the town a new rain-shower starts. I
decide to cycle on and search for a hotel somewhere along the road. In a village I ask
around. There should be a small hotel in the next village, Gofitskoje. Through a wet and
dark evening I plod on, passing a few nice camping spots. But, in the next village there isn't
a hotel. The staff of a roadside café let's me sleep there though, to keep the night watchman
company. I roll out my mat and sleeping bag onto the floor. During the night I have to retreat
to higher ground—the roof is leaking due to a violent rainstorm.

The morning shows another picture—within an hour after the start I'm in shorts and short-
sleeves again. The main road goes via Stavropol, but I take a short cut via minor roads. Only
mountain villages along the road and great spots to eat. Aleksandrovskoye is the only small

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town I pass. After Aleksandrovskoye there are no supplies for the next 50km. The road leads
straight as an arrow to Mineralnij Vody. It's a constant up and down, really wearing me
down. Kilometres away from the main-road are the villages. Camping spots enough, but
water is the problem. I have to decide between a detour to fetch water or plodding on to Min.
Vody. I decide for the latter option. and find lodging in Hotel Kavkaz.

I'm only 25km north of Pjatigorsk, a short ride before I meet my old friend Roman. He meets
me at the outskirts of town where my luggage is transferred into the car of one of his friends.
After running some errands, he shows me the town by bike. Pjatigors is an old spa with
many old buildings dating back to the Tsarist empire. And many springs, one of them being
a lake inside a mountain. But the best, Roman saves for the last. He is one of the pilots at
the local paragliding base. So, in the early evening we cycle to a mountain near the town, to
the paragliding base. Here, among great scenery I find the typical atmosphere of Russian
outdoorsmen.

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Part III—Pyatigorsk (Пятигорск—"five mountains"),

with Roman
[→ToC]

The next morning, Roman invites me for a tandem-flight. Loaded with paragliding kit we
scramble up the mountain. On the top several paragliders are collected, all with rather
pensive expressions. An elderly man is holding up a wind-speed meter. The wind is a bit on
the strong side and very unpredictable. Quite quickly it's clear that only the experienced solo
pilots can fly, no chance for large tandem parasails under these conditions. I go down again
and restrict myself to photographing the flights of the experienced pilots.

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After replacing a stuck gear-cable, I set of for the real mountains of Northern Cuacasia.
Already, in Pjatigorsk, I noticed an enormous police presence. But on the Pjatigorsk-
Kislovodsk road the police presence was huge. Every few hundred meters a policeman was
standing, in eye-contact with his colleague along the road. Now and then a police car
followed by some 4WD's would speed past. Just before the outskirts of Kislovodosk, all
traffic is stopped. An enormous convoy of police cars, 4WD's and luxury cars races to
Pjatigorsk. After this convoy passed, all traffic resumes.

Just after the border with Karachay-Cherkess Republic, I stop to ask for some water. My
plan is to find a place to camp just after a set of villages. My request of water is answered
with an invitation for tea—an invitation I gladly accept. But it doesn't end with tea, a whole
meal appears on the table. The neighbor's daughter, who speaks good English, is invited
too. No chance to leave before the night. A long evening of food, tea and conversation
follows, only interrupted by a visit to the neighbor's banja. A perfect display of Caucasian
hospitality. But they tell me long tales of the other side of the Caucasus, of assassinations
and of the risks of the Caucasus after dark. The next day I experience the danger myself.

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Part IV—Karachay-Cherkessia (Карачаево-Черкесии)

[→ToC]

In the last village before the Gumbashi Pass, I restocked with supplies. At 2030m Gumbashi
Pass is one of the highest road passes in Russia. Most traffic takes a detour via a lower
road, so after the village, traffic was scarce. A few km down the road two men sitting on a
concrete block addressed me. They posed the usual friendly questions. They asked me to
come behind the blocks due to the traffic. Immediately behind the blocks I didn't feel that
comfortable.

I was right in my feelings, they started to ask for money when they sensed my changed
attitude. 2000 rubles they wished (about. 60 Euro) and threatened to beat me. I was not very
eager to part with this sum, so I tried to get out of the situation. Luckily I was only 50m from
the road. When one of the men started to threaten slashing my tires with his knife I started to
pull some money out, very slowly, 10 ruble bill by 10 ruble bill. Just when I ran out of 10
ruble bills the two men started to get a bit nervous since they heard a car coming. They tried
to pull me and my bike behind the bushes, luckily it's not that easy to drag a loaded touring
bike for the uninitiated. Everyone fell to the ground and I was the first to be on my feet again,
running to the road. The car had already passed, so I drew my mobile, but alas, no signal.
But still they could see me with my mobile phone. A 100m down the road a shepherd was
visible. I ran to him and explained that I needed help. Just as I was talking to him the two
men appeared 300m down the road, running. The shepherd immediately gave chase while
I searched for my bike. The bike was okay, only some mud on the panniers. Not a single
item was missing.

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When I returned with my bike to the road I saw the two men running very fast towards the
village. The shepherd was quietly going up again. I thanked him and he told me that the
men were afraid of his nervous horse. Anyway, two not so experienced robbers don't have a
chance against a mounted shepherd with a dog. I thanked him again and resumed my ride
up the mountain pass. I was glad that all ended in my advantage. They were the ones who
received the biggest shock. And I was strengthened in my opinion that staying calm and
non-violent is mostly the best option in such a situation.

Shortly before the top of the pass I entered the clouds, a pity since from the top, on a clear
day, mount Elbrus is visible. On the descent, I suffered the only puncture of this trip. Apart
from that, the descent was great, without major difficulties. Still occasional cows on the road
called for attention. At the entrance Karachajevsk there was the usual police control. I told
the officers that I had an incident with two bandits down the road. I couldn't give a proper
description of the man, so no use of filing an official report. Jokingly one of them offered me
to sell his gun.

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I didn't feel that safe in Karachajevsk. Too many men standing around looking for a cheap
and fast ruble. At the bus-station there were only small GAZelle buses. Since it's a dead-end
road to Dombay, I'd decided to take a bus up. Prices quoted were insane, 500 ruble for the
40km trip on a marshrutka. So I set out by bike. Not long after I left Karachajevsk the same
marshrutka overtook me and stopped. Now the price dropped to a more acceptable 100
ruble. I agreed. The driver dropped me of in Teberda.

From Teberda on, cars and buses have to pay a special tariff to enter the national park.
Cyclists are only registered and don't have to pay, except with their sweat. So the final bit to
Dombay I cycled again. The rain had stopped and between the clouds wonderful
panoramas were visible. Dombay has a wide range of accommodations. I settled for the
dorm room of the mountain rescue team. Sadly, no other guests, so I had to spend the night
on my own.

Part V—Dombai (Домбай) to Cherkessk (Черкесск)

[→ToC]

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Quite some time ago I wrote a 4 parts of my trip report through Southern Russia. Due to time
constraints I had to stop writing the last parts. But now I pick it up where I left you, in the
alpine village of Dombay where I found a lodging at the local rescue brigade.

The evening in Dombay was quite leisurely. Hardly any tourists in town, after all it was too
late for the skiing season and too early for the hiking season. So, a perfect time for the
mountain guides to throw a party. I retreated to a local café to find an excellent dinner. In the
morning, when the guides slowly started to appear, I discussed with them which hikes were
possible for me with my skiddy sports shoes. Only through the valley of the Alibek river was
their conclusion, most valleys were off-limits now due to avalanche risks. So I spent a nice
morning strolling through a rainy valley. When the rain ceased, I went back to the village
and the cable-car station. Going up to 2400m was a lot easier by cable-car and ski-lift as by
bike ;) Lot's of snow still at 2400m, and still many skiers. With my skiddy shoes it was not a

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pleasure up there, my MTB-shoes would have been better.

While waiting for the return cable-car I talk a bit with some locals. Down in the village I
meet them again. They ask me to join them in a small excursion to a little swamp
somewhere down the road. Despite the bad weather it's a well spent rest day.

The next day was half a rest day. I had about 1500m altitude to loose. So enough time to
concentrate on safety issues. While passing Karachajevsk I got the same bad vibes as two
days earlier, something told me that it was not that safe there. So I decided to evade further
trouble and move more down, to the main road. Originally I planned to go via some back
roads through the villages. Not this time, that's something I'll do another time when I'm not
traveling alone. Only a few kilometres after I decided to change my plans, a car stopped. It
was one of the mountain guides on his road to Cherkessk. I told him that I changed my
plans. He completely agreed with me, the mountain road through the villages is only safe
when you're in a group.

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Completely against my habits I arrived in Cherkessk in broad daylight. Luckily my region

map also had a map of downtown Cherkessk, including hotels. First try was the hotel near
the stadium, but that was under reconstruction. But as usual in Russia, sportsmen help
sportsmen. A local football-trainer gave me excellent directions to another hotel—Hotel
Cherkessk. A typical hotel of the old intourist type. A bit decayed, but friendly priced. The
receptionist was quite astonished when I presented her my Dutch passport. Apparently
foreigners hardly reside here.

Part VI—Adygeya Republic (Адыгэ Республик)

[→ToC]

While spending the evening in Cherkessk, I start to think about the Caucasus. It strikes me
again that all the youngsters on the street in Cherkessk walk together—boys with boys, girls

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with girls. They are eying each other, but hardly talking. The only mixed groups are the
Russians. Clearly the male and female worlds are very separated. On the other hand, I
hardly see any signs of heavy Islam, less than in an average western European town. So it
must be the old patriarchal Caucasus culture which defines the specificity of the Caucasus.

The next day I race out of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic—not that I'm afraid anymore,
but for the first time during this trip I have a good tailwind. I easily arrive at the Baku-Rostov
main road. Finally some fine tarmac with excellent services. I profit from that with a nice
lunch in a roadside café. Three policemen enter when I'm having lunch. Behind their heavy
arms (Kalashnikov assault rifles) they are very friendly.

Again I arrive at my destination with lots of time in hand. At the side road to Armvirsk, I see a
small hotel. But this time the receptionist quotes a completely different price as mentioned
on her desk. I don't like the policy of foreigner prices, so they loose a customer. On the map
a turbaza is mentioned in Armvirsk. I have to ask a few times before I find the right trail to the
turbaza. But it's not a real turbaza, it's a otdechat baza, a leisure centre of a factory. The
reception is completely different from the reception at the small hotel. After a friendly chat
with the guard, I'm assigned a cabin. When he hears that I'm a humble postman, he doesn't
even charge me for the night. The huge network of turbazas and other holiday camps is an
asset for Russian tourism which could be used in a far better way. There are not many
customers in the off-season: only four—all relatives. The two guys are already quite drunk.

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Both of them served a few contracts in Chechenya. That's clearly visible. They are quite
rude and heavy handed, also towards each others. The girls keep them in check though, in
contrast with the Caucasus mores. So it's still a pleasant evening.

The next autonomous republic—the Adyegya Republic—is already different. It's a Muslim
republic but next to the mosques the old Soviet influences are very well visible. Again I see
villages with names like '20 year octobe'. Also street-names are of the common kind. And no
classic Caucasus habits anymore. When I have my evening stroll through the streets of the
capital Majkop I see young couples everywhere. But the old taxi-driver who drives me to
back after the evening stroll greets me in the Arab fashion. A friendly reply of the right kind,
«Aleikum Asalam», breaks the ice. Even the fare is of the regular kind. Before sleeping, I
have a chat with some sportsmen who stay in the Turkompleks where I stay too. It's specially
geared for sportsmen, so plenty of like-minded guests.

The final day is a day with two different sides. The first part is relentlessly rolling. The map
is correct here, an enormous amount of altitude lines, all around 500m. This wears me down
a lot more as the final part of the day—the small road to the coastal town of Tuapse. Here I
have to scale a few passes. But these passes, even the unpaved one, are a lot easier as the
relentlessly rolling highlands. On top of the highest one, the Shaumansky Pereval, I talk a
while with a family running a small restaurant. Their small daughter, nicknamed "hooligan",
is racing around on her tricycle. Sadly, I don't have the time to eat here, evening is nearing

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as does a light rain-shower. I race down the mountain, despite the unpaved road. Heavy
Kamaz trucks are no match to me.

For the first time during the trip I have some serious problems finding affordable lodging. All
the mentioned hotels only have expensive rooms left over. The only budget option, Hotel
Tuapse, is another problem—this hotel is owned by the MVD (Ministry of Internal Affairs),
and the receptionist doesn't accept foreigners. So I have to settle for a way too luxury
room—Not a fitting end for this trip. Before boarding a bus to Krasno I walk around town and
catch a glimpse of the Black Sea.

—Ivo Miesen

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May 2006

More photos

Related Links:
[→ToC]

Ivo's 2005 tour through Ukraine (and Travel Tips!)

Ivo's 2004 brevet around Lake Ladoga
Ivo's Dodging Potholes in Bulgaria (SVS-2002)

Maps:

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Terminology:
[→ToC]

GAZelle buses:
GAZ is the main Russian firm for cars, minibuses and trucks. Gazelle is their brand
name for minibuses.

[Wikipedia]

Marshrutka:
Like turkish dolmus. Itinary mini-bus/taxi taking passengers fast and at a bit higher
price as a bus.

[Wikipedia]

Kamaz trucks:
Kamaz is another brand of Russian trucks.

[Wikipedia]

Turbaza:
The Russian Turbaza (Турбаза) focuses on offering cheap accommodation for
holidays, yet it has a completely different orientation than a hostel—more like the large
campsites at European holiday destinations than a hostel, the Turbaza makes no

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attempt at encouraging cultural exchange, nor is it youth-oriented in the manner of a

hostel. Most Turbaza are used by groups renting the whole place. Sometimes they are
mainly catering to workers from a certain firm.

Another explanation: VisaExpress.net writes:

A turbaza (tourbase) is a holiday camp for Russians, usually owned by a factory or

large company for the use of its employees. They're often spartan and lodging options
are usually a large common room with six or more beds, smaller doubles and private
cottages. All are cheap - from as little as R300 per person - and there are reasons for
this: many turbaza have no indoor plumbing, with the stolovaya (canteen) the only
place to eat. But if you bring a good supply of food and a sense of adventure, turbazv
are a great way to get a feel for the average Russian's holiday. At some, you can
arrange boating, skiing, hiking or mountaineering.

Another explanation:

Aaron Erlich blogs: Turbaza/Турбаза

Roughly halfway in between Tver and Klin the Volga River meets the Shosha river,
and it is there that I spent the last couple of days relaxing in one of European Russia’s
most beautiful sposts. I stayed in what is called a turbaza, a relic of the Soviet past that
is very quickly dying out. In fact, my rich friend was at first shocked that I knew the
word. He was even more shocked when I told him that they still existed.

I didn’t actually do much at the turbaza. My attempt to learn the favorite Russian
pastime of mushroom picking was thwarted by the lack of mushrooms; my Russian
friends and I only managed to find a small number of the poisonous kind. However, I
gained a healthy respect for the rural skills Muscovites still retain. One of my friends,
an elegant language student, seemed to leap at the opportunity to catch newts in her
hand and thought nothing of poking around anthills. Both of my friends could easily
identify at least 15 varieties of mushrooms though they had lived their whole lives in
the city.

The clientele at the turbaza were mainly manual laborers and were staying at the
turbaza to fish. The place was full of nostalgia. The men wore the large Soviet plastic
frame glasses and the women donned shapeless flower print dresses no longer in
vogue in Moscow. The summer-camp atmosphere made me appreciate the best in the
socialist ideology. The turbaza is simple, pleasurable relaxation that everyone, no
matter their wealth, can enjoy.

Almost everyone seemed to know each other, and the atmosphere was pleasant.
Though the beds were olds and soft, the cabins were clean and rustically cozy and
pleasant to look at like unlike the pre-fab housing in Moscow. The food was also
simple Russian fare. Everyone ate together in a camp-style dining hall, and the lights
were turned out after half and hour, so there was now lingering.

This type of vacation as been replaced for the capitalist all-inclusive Turkish holiday.
500 dollars for a week at a five star hotel just isn’t the same, and I hope that at least a

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few these turbaza remain open. If they could just improve the toilets at the turbaze a
little bit, I think they could eventually thrive. Posted by Aaron at August 20, 2004 03:32
PM

[→ToC]

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