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INTRODUCTION

Blood transfusion safety remains an important public health concern in Oman. The
availability of blood products of all blood types and the provision of its safety ensure
public trust of its excellent healthcare system. However, lack of availability of these
blood products and provision of unsafe blood products still impact morbidity and
mortality in the Sultanate. Through the use of online blood bank management system,
blood transfusion safety is expected to be enhanced or improved. Risks on improper
blood donors’ documentation, and misplaced records can be minimized or totally
avoided. Also, processes involving blood bag collection, storage, and inventory will be
systematized and organized, hence, improving the healthcare management.

 Blood bank is a place where blood bag that is collected from blood donation
events is stored in one place. Which refers to a division of a hospital laboratory
where the storage of blood product occurs and where proper testing is performed
to reduce the risk of transfusion related events

 Donor is someone who gives a part of their body or some of their blood to be
used by doctors to help a person who is ill.

 Blood bags are designed for the collection, processing and storage of whole
blood and blood components They help in providing aseptic conditions for the
separation of blood components. It acts as a closed system reducing the chances
of contamination

 Transfusion: transfusion is done as a lifesaving maneuver to replace blood cells


or blood products lost through severe bleeding. Transfusion of one's own blood
(autologous transfusion) is the safest method, but it requires advanced planning,
and not all patients are eligible.
The process of managing the blood bag that is received from the blood donation
events needs a proper and systematic management that is done by the blood banks.
As the blood is related to someone’s life so the bags of must be handled with care
and treated thoroughly. The blood consists of different blood constituents and every
constituent of blood is having a specific function. Statistics say that in our India
every two seconds someone needs a blood transfusion. The Blood transfusions are
used for trauma victims - due to accidents and burns - heart surgery, organ
transplants, women with complications during childbirth, new-borns and premature
babies, and patients receiving treatment for leukaemia, cancer or other diseases,
such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia [6].The different blood constituent is
applied to the patient for different type’s disease. The current system that is using
by the blood bank is manual system. With the manual system, there are problems
in managing the records related with blood stock. There is no centralized database
of volunteer donors. So, it becomes really tedious for a person to search blood in
case of emergency. Without an automated management system, there are also
problems in keeping track of the actual amount of each and every blood type in the
blood bank. In addition, there is also no alert available when the blood quantity is
below its par level or it become zero. Healthcare as a sector is a definite beneficiary
of the increasing adoption of technologies such as the Internet of Things. One of
the areas where Iota can be used is blood bank management. In our country
thousands of litters of blood get wasted every day due to less than adequate
management practices,
BACKGROND OF THE TOPIC

Blood is a very important entity in the medical field. There is need of blood for
different type of illnesses; the blood is collected from the voluntary donors.
Blood or the components of blood are used to treat patients with medical
conditions such as anaemia, cancer, blood disorders, and those having surgery.
Hence, the blood cannot be evaluated in terms of the cost. Blood is having a
moderate life span of about 45 days within prescribed duration have to be
brought in use. Consequently, blood is known to be the most critical element
for human life referred as “river of life” so the blood must be managed well to
minimize the blood losses.

There are four types of blood groups. The blood comprised of the several
components such as plasma, platelets etc. Depending upon the diseases the
different type of blood components are given to the patient .Each of these can
be used to treat many different condition. Among four blood group as A,B,AB
and O, is known as universal donor because it can be transfused to any person
with any blood group, and the AB blood group is known as universal acceptor.
The blood can be stored for a limited period of time hence it requires steadies
and constant collection.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

What is Blood Bank?


A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of
blood donation or collection, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion.
The term “blood bank” typically refers to division of a hospital where the storage of
blood product occurs and where proper testing is performed.
Blood Donation Process by Donors
When a new donor comes to donate blood, they are required to fill out their
personal information during the registration process before making a donation
After the donation, the donor is given a donor identification card with their name,
blood type and a barcode to be used as a reference for future donations. The
barcode is used to retrieve the donor’s record containing their personal
information, medical history and donation information, including blood results.
Only blood bank administrators have the authority to access the donor’s records,
since the system is only available for their use within the organization. This makes
it difficult for donors to make changes to their personal information within the
system. That is, for donors to update their personal information, such as their
phone number, mailing address, or e-mail, they cannot update the information by
themselves, but have to contact the blood bank center to update their information.

At the back the card is a table that contains number of donations, date, location,
and the blood collector’s signature. Existing donors can submit their donor ID
cards to retrieve their personal information and donation records and start the
blood donation process, and they will be given a new card after they have donated
blood for a total of eight times. Having a donor ID card may be a tangible reminder
to people that they are helping lives as a blood donor; however, possessing a
physical card comes with drawbacks such as loss or damage. To ensure donors can
still identify themselves with the system, other credentials, such as username and
password, can be used as a safeguard if their donor ID card is lost or damaged.
If the donated blood is disqualified, the donor will be notified through postal mail
that their blood component is reactive to viruses [4], meaning that there is a
positive result of the blood being infected, and the organization will also inform the
donor to perform another blood test at the blood bank to confirm the result of
blood. If the blood is qualified, the administrator then will deposit the blood into
the inventory for future requests.
Blood Request Process by Hospitals
Hospitals can request for blood by calling in or e-mailing the blood bank the type
of blood and the quantity that is in need. The administrator is responsible in

checking the availability of the blood type according to the request. If the
requested blood type is available, the administrator will withdraw the blood from
the inventory and transfer it to the hospital. However, if the requested blood is
unavailable, the administrator will send an e-mail to inform the hospital.
NEED OF THE STUDY

A blood donation is a process whereby a person voluntarily has blood drawn to be used
for future transfusions when in need at hospitals for treatment procedures that require
them. Donation may be of whole blood (blood drawn directly from the body) or of
specific components of the blood; such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma,
and platelets. Blood banks often participate in the process of collecting blood and other
procedures such as managing stocks, approving blood requests and updating donation
information.

The inspiration of this project is to improve blood banks in Thailand and to develop a
blood bank information system which focuses on making an online system that is
accessible for both donors and administrators. Donors can directly receive information
regarding their previous blood donations, including their blood results and donation
history, in order to easily schedule their next donations. They can also update the
personal information through the system, without having to contact the blood bank
registry.

The system is also developed for the administrators, who are the main authority in
tathe system. Administrators can add, modify, delete, and query any donation
information if necessary. The administration is also responsible for responding to the
hospital’s blood requests and checking the stocks in the blood b
4. Objectives of the study

The goal of the project is to develop a web application for blood banks to manage
information about their donors and blood stock. The main objectives of this website
development can be defined as follows:

1. To develop a system that provides functions to support donors to view and


manage their information conveniently.

2. To maintain records of blood donors, blood donation information and blood


stocks in a centralized database system.

3. To inform donors of their blood result after their donation.

4. To support searching, matching and requesting for blood convenient for


administrators.

5. To provide a function to send an e-mail directly to the donor for their user
account and the hospital, the availability of the blood bag.
CHAPTER NO.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHOLOGY:

WHAT IS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?


“Research Methodology comprises of defining and redefining problems, collecting,
organizing, and evaluating data making deduction and researching to conclusions.”

Systematic investigative process employed increase or revise current knowledge by


discovering new facts.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH:
Descriptive research that is observing, recording, describing, and classifying
phenomena. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population
or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/ when/ why
the characteristic occurred. Rather it addresses the “what” question. The characteristics
used to describe the situation or population is usually some kind of categorical scheme
also known as descriptive categories.

RANDOM STRATIFIED SAMPLING:


Random stratified sampling is a method of sampling that involves the division of a
population into smaller group known as strata. A random sample from each stratum is
taken in a number proportional to the stratum’s size when compared to the population.

METHOD USED FOR DATA COLLECTION:

1. Primary Data
2. Secondary Data

1) Primary Data
Those data that have been observed and recorded bythe researcher for the first
time in their knowledge.
Sources:

 Discussion Observation

2) Secondary Data

Those data that have been compiled by some agency other than the user.
Sources:
Website
Empirical Research: Empirical research is data- oriented. This kind of research
provides insights through observation or experiences. In this research, the primary
data are collected, analysed and tested to prove some hypotheses. Empirical research
can be conducted through both the qualitative and quantitative approaches.
For example, Major researches conducted on health issues usually adopt empirical
research.
Instead of theories, empirical research is based on observation and measurements. It
attempts to develop new ideas by collecting primary data.
Methodology research can be a two types:
Qualitative Research:
Qualitative research is conducted to study and analyse the human behaviour. It is
considered as a preliminary stage of quantitative research.
Quantitative Research:
Quantitative research is contrary to qualitative research. It is a scientific technique
that attempts to analyse the data using statistical measures for concluding the
outcomes of a research problem.
Research Methodology:
Research Type Empirical Research
Primary Data Discussion, Observation
Secondary Data Website
Data Analysis Snapshots Of Software
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The system functions and features of our system will include the following:

 
Registration

This function allows the donor and administrator to register as a user to interact
with the system. The system requires the user to login before viewing and editing
any information.

 
View and edit information online

Donors are allowed to view their blood donation records online by their given
account. They can also edit their personal information through the system.

 
Data is input by the Administrators

The donor’s information and donation records can be sent from the hospital to the
administrator by calling or e-mail. The administrator is responsible for keying the
received data into the system.

 
Recording donation records
The system is able to record data of whole blood which is sent from the hospital.
Manage blood inventory

The system uses a First-In-First-Out stock management, where the blood stock that is
checked-in to the system first will be the first one given to the hospital when
requested. When the blood stock is expired, the administrator is responsible for
removing the stock from the inventory and updating the system.

 
Blood requests

The hospital can request blood via e-mail and by calling to the blood bank.

 
Notify by E-mail

The donor’s account and generated password will be sent via e-mail, following by
their blood result of the previous donation sent in a separated e-mail. Hospitals can
also receive e-mail responding to their requested blood whether it is available in our
stock or not.


 Summary report

The system is able to generate a report to summarize all records including


blood donation, blood requests and blood stock for the administrator
6. Limitations of the study

 At present it is available for some limited zone.


 Problem to calculate number of donor available in list.
 Difficulty in identifying blood donor’s expiry date.
 In future we must overcome this drawback by using modern
technologies.
Off-line reports of blood bank, blood cell, Donor cannot be
generated due to batch mode execution.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY

 This research study covers the three (3) basic operations of blood
banks, namely: donor registration, monitoring of blood bags or
products’ inventories, and monitoring of blood bags or products’
issuance.
 Also, due to time-constraint, respondents will be from Shah
Hospital only, though the research study talks about blood banks
in the Sultanate of Oman.
 In addition, the study considers three (3) possible users of the
system, namely: hospital administrator, doctors, and blood
receptionists.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY


 This research study does not cover the actual blood collection
activity, and actual blood transfusion operation.
 Blood donors and patients or recipients of blood donation are not
system users, their registration or information will be encoded
by the blood bank receptionists.
 Also, the study excludes the consideration of system security
measures such as password expiration, use of CAPTCHA, idle
window timeout, web caching, etc., audit trail, and back-up and
recovery.
CHAPTER NO.4

DATA ANALYSIS
Fig1: Home & Login Page.

This is the home page for our system


Fig 2: Add User to the System Form.

Add user page contain information about user of the system such as (user ID, name, user name, phone
number, and user type). Then click ENTER when you finished filing texts
Fig 3: Add Donor to the System Form

hospital administrator has responsible to add donor also they will add user ID, name, address, phone
number, e-mail, blood group, medical description, gender and date of birth. Click to Submit button to
save the donor details. Reset to clear text
List User Information Form

This report display list of user (User Information) such as ID, name, user name, password, user type.
From this form you can update or delete records. Also, we can update and delete this information
Figure 5:: Donor Activity Form

This form shows donor information for example donor name, gender, age blood type donate on and
description. So If the doctor wants to know the last date this person donated, return to this page.
Fig 6:Manager Donor form
You can manage donor details by updating specific record of donor. If it is updated ,it will display
message the record updated. Also ,we can delete unnecessary record.
Fig7: List Blood Form
Through this page the doctor can find out the available blood bags.

Fig8: Message Availability Form

These message comes after click on check availability button


Fig9: Message Not availability

These message comes after click and check availability button.


Fig10: Report Form

This report can display list of blood group including computing total of
white plasma, red plasma and whole plasma.
Fig11: Blood Information Form
This form can display information for list of blood group including
antibodies, give blood to and receive blood form.
Fig12: Blood product/Bag Details Form

In these form After taking doctor blood he will type the details of blood product /bag
blood such as unit no, product name (whole blood, packed cells, fresh frozen plasma
and planets),blood type, storage location,volume,unit creation date and expiry date.
Figure13: Blood Requests for patient form

When a doctor needs a blood bag, he will order the bag through this form which contains request id,
product name, blood type, volume, request status, patient name, requested date, required date and
requested by.
Figure15: Donor Medical Information

This form will upload the donor medical information.


FINDINGS

The findings of this study will redound to the benefit of managing the information in blood bank
and also it will allow the hospital to take decision if they want particular type of blood by publishing
advertisement in the home page of the system. Furthermore, managing the blood bags in the blood bank
will be much easier because each blood bag has an information about the donor and blood type and the
expiration date. Also, doctor can use this system to serve blood bags to their patient.
The main advantages of the system are:
 Blood bank staff can find and manage the donor details on the system easily.
 The expiration date of blood bags can be viewed in the system.
 Hospital can be alerted about issued blood bags.
LEARNING’S OF DISSERTATIONS
CONCLUSION

As the donor’s data is saved in the system we can reject those who have
HIV or any other infections.
As we have the contact number of the donor we can contact donor
whenever necessary comes.
Since we have the expiry date of the packs we can have a proper storage
management system.
The main objective of blood bank is to develop an emergency application for people

who needs blood by using alerting system.

Growing population has increased the of the blood storage. To address the problem an
effective system is designed using the internet of thing. The system provides
methodology to fulfil the requirement of blood to the patients without rushing to the
blood bank to know the availability of the blood

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