5 HEATER (H-01)

Fungsi :Alat penyimpanan produk Asetoksi Etilen

Gambar :

Fluida Panas : Steam

W = 283.24 kg/jam = 624.43 lb/jam
T1 = 352 ⁰C = 665.6 ⁰F
T2 = 352 ⁰C = 665.6 ⁰F
Fluida Dingin : Bahan baku Butanol
W = 5424.07 kg/jam = 11957.90 lb/jam
t1 = 30.0 ⁰C = 86.0 ⁰F
t2 = 99.7 ⁰C = 211.46 ⁰F

Panas yang Diserap

Q = 58438.78 kkal/jam = 231902.59 Btu/jam

1. Menghitung Selisih Temperatur (LMTD)

Fluida Fluida
Temperatur Selisih
Panas Dingin

665.6 Tinggi 211.46 454.14

665.6 Rendah 86.0 579.6
0.0 Selisih 125.46 125.46

∆t2 - ∆t1
∆LMTD =
ln(∆t2 /∆t1)
125.46
=
0.24
= 514.32 ⁰F
2. Temperatur Rata-Rata (Tavg dan tavg, oF)
Tavg = ½ x (T2 + T1)
= ½ x (665.6+ 665.6) ⁰F
= 665.6 ⁰F
tavg = ½ x (t2 + t1)
= ½ x (211.5+ 86.0) ⁰F
= 148.7 ⁰F

3. Trial Harga UD
Asumsi harga UD = 25 Btu/hr.ft².ᵒF
Q
A =
UD - ∆t
231902.59 Btu/jam
=
25.0 x 514.32 ⁰F
= 18.04 ft²

Karena A < 200 ft², maka direncanakan memilih alat penukar panas tipe Double Pipe
Heat Exchanger (DPHE) dengan spesifikasi (Kern, tabel 11. p.844) ukuran pipa 2,5" x
2,0", maka diperoleh panjang Hairpin yang digunakan :

### maka untuk IPS 2.0 in dari tabel 11

Kern didapat :
a' = 0.622 ft²/ft
Panjang pipa, L = A / a'
18.04 ft²
=
0.622 ft²/ft
= 29.0 ft
Dipilih alat HE = 3 buah hairpin dengan panjang 4.9 ft
Panjang pipa total = 3.0 x 2 x 4.9 ft
= 29.4 ft

Koreksi luas (Luas permukaan sebenarnya)

A = L x a'
= 29.4 ft x 0.622 ft²/ft
= 18.29 ft²
Koreksi harga UD
Q
UD =
 UD =
A x ∆t
231902.59 Btu/jam
=
18.29 ft² x 514.32 ⁰F
= 24.657 Btu/hr.ft².⁰F
Karena UD mendekati harga UD asumsi, maka asumsi ukuran pipa dapat dipakai.
Sumber : (Kern tabel 11, p.844)
Annulus Inner Pipe
IPS = 2.50 in IPS = 2.00 in
ID = 2.47 in OD = 2.38 in
OD = 2.88 in ID = 2.07 in
SN = 40 SN = 40
a = 0.753 ft²/ft a = 0.622 ft²/ft

4. Annulus : Fluida Panas, Steam

(1). Flow area, aa
D2 = 2.88 in = 0.24 ft
D1 = 2.07 in = 0.17 ft
π(D2² - D1²)
aa =
4
= 0.02 ft²
Equivalent diameter, De
(D2² - D1²)
De =
D1
= 0.16 ft

(2). Laju alir massa, Ga

W
Ga =
aa
624.43 lb/jam
=
0.02 ft²
= 28480.54 lb/jam.ft²

(3). Pada Tc = 665.6 ⁰F

μ = 0.02 cp = 0.05 lb/hr.ft
De x G a
Rea =
 Rea =
µ
= 0.16 x 28480.54
0.05
= ###

(4). jH = 260 Sumber : (fig 24 Kern P.834)

(5). Pada Tc = 665.6 ⁰F

c = 0.25 Btu/lb.⁰F Sumber : (fig 3 Kern P.805)
k = 0.026 Btu/hr.ft² Sumber : (Tabel 5, Kern P.802)
c . µ 1/3 0.25 x 0.05 a1/3
k 0.026
= 0.78

(6). ho =

Ø =1
ho = 32.66 Btu/hr.ft².°F

5. Inner Pipe : Bahan Baku Butanol

(1). Flow area, ap
D = 2.38 in = 0.20 ft
π . D²
ap =
4
= 0.03 ft²

(2). Laju alir massa, Gp

W
Gp =
ap
11957.90 lb/jam
=
0.03 ft²
= 387255.40 lb/jam.ft²

(3). Pada Tc = 148.7 ⁰F

 μ = 0.35 cp = 0.85 lb/hr.ft
D x Gp
Rep =
µ
= 0.20 x 387255.40
0.85
= ###

(4). jH = 250 Sumber : (fig 24 Kern P.834)

(5). Pada Tc = 148.7 ⁰F

c = 0.21 Btu/lb.⁰F Sumber : (fig 3 Kern P.805)
k = 0.560 Btu/hr.ft² Sumber : (Tabel 5, Kern P.802)
c . µ 1/3 0.21 x 0.85 a1/3
k 0.56
= 0.68

(6). hi =

Ø =1
hi = 482.28 Btu/hr.ft².°F

(7). hio = hi x (ID/OD)

ID = 2.38 in
OD = 2.07 in
2.38 in
hio = 482.28 x
2.07 in
= 555.31 Btu/hr.ft².°F

6. Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc

Sumber : (Pes. 6.7 Kern)
Uc =

555.31 x 32.66
=
555.31 + 32.66
= 30.85 Btu/hr.ft².°F
(7). Desain Overll Coefficient, UD
Rd diasumsi 0.007
=

= 0.04 Sehingga UD = 25.368 Btu/hr.ft².⁰F

(8). Required Surface Area

Q
A =
UD x Δt
231902.59
=
25.37 x 514.32
= 17.77 ft²

External Surface/lin ft, 0.62 ft²/ft Sumber : ( Kern. Tabel 11)

Required Length, A/a" = 28.67 ft
Dipakai hairpin yang panjangnya 4.90 ft
28.67 ft
Maka jumlah hairpin =
4.90 ft x2
= 2.93 (dibutuhkan 3 buah )
Surface Required 3 x 2 x 4.90 ft
= 28.67 ft

(9). Actual Surface Area

A = 28.67 x 0.62
= 17.77 ft²

(10). Actual Design Overall Coefficient, UD actual

Q
UD =
A x Δt
231902.59
=
17.77 x 514.32
= 25.37 Btu/hr.ft².°F

(11). Dirt Factor Coefficient, RD

UC - UD
RD =
 RD =
UC x U D
30.85 - 25.37
=
30.85 x 25.37
= 0.007

(12). Pressure Drop

ANNULUS : Fluida Panas, Steam
(1). De = D2 - D1
= 0.24 ft - 0.17 ft
= 0.07 ft
De' x Ga
R'ea =
μ
0.07 x 28480.54
=
0.05
= 38590.98
Untuk nilai Aliran Turbulen NRe > 1.000 digunakan persamaan berikut :
0.264
f = 0.0035 +
(R'ea)0,42 Sumber : (Pers. 3.47b. Kern)
= 0.01

Densitas (ρ) = 9.3 kg/m³ = 0.58 lb/ft³

4 . f . Ga2 . L
(2) ∆FA =
2 . g . ρ² . De
4 x 0.01 x 28480.54² x 29.4
=
2 x 4.18 x 10⁸ x 0.58² x 0.07
632255347
=
19055977.22
= 33.18

Ga
(3) V =
3600 . Ρ
28480.54
=
3600 x 0.58
= 13.64
 V²
(4) FL = Jumlah Hairpin x
2 . gc
13.64²
= 3 x
2 x 32.2
= 8.67

(∆Fa + FL) ρ
(5) ∆Pa =
144
(3.32 + 8.67) 0.58
=
144
= 0.048 psi

INNER PIPE : Fluida Dingin

(1) Rep = ###
Untuk nilai Aliran Turbulen NRe > 1.000 digunakan persamaan berikut :
0.264
f = 0.0035 +
(Rep)0,42 Sumber : (Pers. 3.47b. Kern)
= 0.006

Densitas (ρ) = 1036 kg/m³ = 64.65 lb/ft³

4 . f . Gp2 . L
(2) ∆FP =
2 . g . ρ² . D
4 x 0.006 x 387255.40² x 29.4
=
2 x 4.18 x 10⁸ x 64.65² x 0.20
1.0033E+11
=
6.9293E+11
= 0.14 ft

∆Fp . ρ
(3) ∆Pp =
144
(0.14 x 64.65)
=
144
 = 0.065 psi
Karena ∆Pp < 10 psi, berarti hasil perhitungan pada batas yang diizinkan

5 HEATER (H-01)

IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat HEATER
Kode Alat H-01
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Alat penyimpanan produk Asetoksi Etilen

DESAIN
Tipe DPHE (Double Pipe Heat Exchanger)
Jumlah Hairpin 3 buah
Panjang Hairpin 4.9 ft
Faktor Pengotor (Rd) 0.007
Bahan Konstrusi Cupro Alloys

ANNULUS INNER PIPE

IPS 2.50 in IPS 2.00 in
ID 2.47 in ID 2.07 in
OD 2.88 in OD 2.38 in
SN 40 SN 40
A 0.753 ft²/ft A 0.622 ft²/ft
ho 32.66 Btu/hr.ft².°F hio 555.31 Btu/hr.ft².°F
∆Pactual 0.048 psi ∆Pactual 0.065 psi
∆Pallowance 10 psi ∆Pallowance 10 psi

OVERALL
Actual Dirt Factor Coeficient, RD actual 0.007
Allowance Dirt Factor Coeficient, RD allw 0.050
Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc 30.85 Btu/hr.ft².°F
Actual Design Overall Coefficient, UD actual 25.37 Btu/hr.ft².°F
 Heater
300 oC

3200 kg/jam 3200 kg/jam

300 oC

Q1 Q air masuk = m. Cp. ∆T

= 3200 x 7.20 (50 - 25 )
= 576000 Kkal/ jam
Qhfg =
Q2 Q air keluar = m. Cp. ∆T
= 3200 x 7.20 (55 - 25 )
= 691200 Kkal/ jam

Q air = Q steam = Q2 - Q1
= 691200 - 576000
= 115200

Q steam = ms ( hg - hf)
115200 = ms 2749 - 1344
Massa Steam ms = 81.99288

Qs1 Q steam masuk = ms. Hg

= 81.99288 2749
= 225398.4

Qs2 Q steam keluar = ms. Hf

= 81.99288 1344
= 110198.4

Q steam = 115200
 Masuk Keluar
Q1 576000
Q2 691200
Qs1 225398.4
Qs2 110198.4
801398.4 801398.4
 Diketahui : T steam 300
hf 1344 kkal/kg
hg 2749 kkal/kg
hfg 1405 kkal/kg

m. Hfg