You are on page 1of 17

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Smart phone is a mobile phone which offers advanced technologies with functionality

similar as a personal computer. While offering a standardized platform for application

developers a smart phone performs as complete operating system software. Secondly, there are

also very advanced features in smart phones such as internet, instant messenger and e-mail and

also built-in keyboard are very typical. Because of these reasons we can say a smart phone a

miniature computer with the similarities of a simple phone.

  Smartphone has become one the important devices used to simplify human

lives and their activities. The usage of smartphone has been increased in recent

years in the Philippines. The number of Smartphone users in the Philippines from 2015 to 2016

with forecasts for 2017 to 2022. In 2017, the number of smartphone users in the Philippines is estimated

to reach 30.4 million. This would mean that around 32 percent of the population in the Philippines would

use a smartphone.

Smartphone combines both computer and mobile phone features into one

device having web browsers that can be connkected through mobile internet, and Wi-

Fi internet network. It is a source of education and entertainment through the usage

of numerous applications. Smartphone has become more popular to all generations

because of its social networking applications such as Twitter, Facebook that

connects people in an instant.

Smartphones are generally used by young students. Students use smartphones in order to

access instant information about something, information that can help them surpass daily

activities that sometimes find themsielves in such difficult situation.


When developing good study habits, you have to set time for everything. With all the

activities you need to do such as assignments and projects, you just can’t remember them.

Writing them down, and planning when to do it will be the most effective way to remember

things. Even though you have a skill in remembering all those things, taking notes is important.

Notes are important; it helps you survive surprise test, even not so surprising ones. If you’re

going to develop good study habits, you should make it organize. Senior high school students

consider their Senior high school life as stressful. The fact is it is not really that tressful. We only

lack the conciousness of balancing our time, but because of modern technology everything is just

one click away. You can do so much things with the help of modern technology, specially with

smartphones. But still, just because that there is a positive effects of using technology or

smartphones that doesn’t mean that there isn’t a negative effects. There are so many things to

tackle about this study. As we explore furthermore, we can state what can be the possible impact

either good or bad of these smartphones to the study habits of students.


   
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In modern days technology products impact our life. Community without technology

products might experience a miserable life without them. Their use makes tasks easier, shorter

and much faster. People are spending a lot of money for electronics devices to make things hands

on. Some people view technology as a replacement for the expenditure of human energy and the

use of the mind. There are many capabilities that technology had done for the community. It

seems that the growth of technology is much faster than the growth of our knowledge about it.

Some parents have fewer ideas of how far the technology can affect their children’s development

because most of new-tech products are being promoted for their advantages only. Does

technology gives only good effect or does it produce more bad effects than good ones? Laptop or

computers are in as much demand as cellphones. Smartphones are in much greater demand

compare to ordinary cellphones. Smartphones have 2 their place in every person’s hand for those

who can afford it. Is this telling us that people are trying to put everything their palms? Carrying

all their needs just inside their purse or pocket? The first item student’s want to own as their

personal property is the smartphone. What is the main reason for them to own a smartphone

rather than owning an ordinary cellphone? Does the student know the impact of the smartphones

on their academic performance? Hopefully, we may get some answers from this study.
 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will determine the impact of smartphones in the academic performance of 

Grade 11 ICT Students in AMACC Lipa Campus. 

GENERAL QUESTIONS

 What are the demographic profiles of the respondents according to:

 Age and;

 Gender;

SPECIFIC QUESTIONS

 What are the strengths or weaknesses of a smartphone in the learning  habit 

experienced by the students? 

 What is the average grade of the respondents based on their academic performance? 

 What are the impacts of smartphones on students academic performance? 

   
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The general objectives of this study is to determine the impacts of smartphones in

the academic performance of Grade 11 ICT Students in AMACC Lipa Campus.

AIM

To determine the impact of smartphones in the academic performance of Grade

11 ICT Students in AMACC Lipa Campus

OBJECTIVES

 To assess the impact of cellular phones on academic performance of students

 To analyze the use of cellular phones in achieving an educational activity/task

 To find out if smartphones really do have a big role in the study habits of a
student.

HYPOTHESIS

 The impact of Smartphone leads to positive and good habits in the study of Grade

11 ICT Students of AMACC Lipa Campus SY 2018 – 2019

 The impact of Smartphone leads to negative and bad habits in the study of Grade 11 ICT

Students of AMACC Lipa Campus SY 2018 – 2019


SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In this section the researchers will discuss the importance of this study . The result

of this research study will be beneficial to the following.

Students, the result of this study will help the students to know if smartphones really do

have a positive effects when it comes to their academic performance, or it can cause

major distractions while their using it.

Parents, the study will help the parents to gain more informations about the used of a

smartphone. And to know if smartphones is trully that effective to the study habits of a

student.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Smartphone – a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer,

typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system capable

of running downloaded applications.


CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth

search done by the researchers. This will also present the synthesis of the art, theoretical and

conceptual framework to fully understand the research to be done and lastly the definition of

terms for better comprehension of the study.

THEORETRICAL FRAMEWORK

Apart from the negative effect through the usage of these phones by the students, it

also have some other effects; which maybe psychological. The addictive nature of cell

phones has concerned psychologists for years.

Recently, psychologists have warned that phone users are especially at risk of becoming

addicted to their devices. In a recent study by Wargo, (2015), the subjects checked their phones

34 times a day. People may check their phones out of habit or compulsion, but habitually

checking can be a way to avoid interacting with people. Some people can experience withdrawal

symptoms typically associated with substance abuse, such as anxiety, insomnia, and depression,

when they are without their phones and all these are embedded to the course of academic relapse

of students who fall into this category. Surprisingly, these addictions take strong toll on the

student without them noticing it and some of them find it hard to believe that they are addicted to

their phones. Thus, giving more credence to the amount of time meted out to these phones than
academics. Chóliz, (2010) pointed out that excessive use of and dependency on the cell phone

may be considered an addictive disorder. In order to address some of the issues attached to cell

phones researchers chose different area of interest and teasing them out.

Theory on adolescent egocentrism, pointed out heightened self-consciousness during

adolescence. The theory adolescent egocentrism stated that it is a stage of self-absorption where

the world is seen only from one's own perspective. Thus adolescents are highly critical of

authority figures, unwilling to accept criticism, and quick to find fault with others.

Adolescent egocentrism helps explain why teens often think they are the focus of everyone

attention. Also, adolescence is a time of considerable physical and psychological growth and

change, which falls in line with the study of the student in the secondary Schools being

examined, on cell phone usage and acquisition among other. Most students like to keep

track ahead of their peers or to have an ontological balance in their peer group which

they find themselves. At the expense of their notions, they try to live the life which is expected

of them in the social settings which they find themselves instead of the ideal life; thereby

pushing them to the limit.

It was observed that most of the students using the Internet enabled phones get to pay

some bills at the end of the month, which is however paid with the little monthly allowance

money given to them by their sponsors or parent for upkeep in school and their studies. Some go

as long as to upgrade their phone, by buying the current ones and selling of the old ones at a

giveaway price or “trunking” as the word is widely used, just to meet up with the current trend.

(Elkind, 1967).
These ostentatious mode of using and disposing of mobile phones especially, the internet

enabled phones at will, in order to be abreast of current trends may inhibits the student from

focusing on their academics and allowing them to do better in their studies which is

their primary target as students in the secondary schools. Their academic performance is a

fulcrum for their future roles and the roles that will be vested upon them by their predecessors as

the new generations.

In an attempt to discuss about the issue of this topic on mobile phones and its impact on

students performance, personal observations has been seen among student using the phones for

visiting social platform, such as the Facebook, Twitter, 2go, Myspace and instant messengers

(yahoo messengers, msn messengers and blackberry pinging instant messengers) especially the

internet enabled ones, during academic periods and off academic periods indicating that

the internet phones have a strong effect on the students. Calling to mind the judicious gap which

has been mended by technology, it should be noted that the usage of phones are not intended for

negative purpose and influence; however, the attitude and time channeled towards these devices

has enslaved the student, thereby making them addicts, Also, they affirmed that young people

between 15 and 19 admitted being addicted to their cell phones (Naval, Sádaba and Brigué,

(2004). Also, British scientists noted that more and more people are getting addicted to their cell

phones, causing stress and irritability (BBC, 2006). While specialists indicate that the abuse of

the use of cell phones could be typified as ‘a disorder of addiction that has to be stopped as

soon as possible’ (Paniagua, 2005). Reawakening, to the recalcitrant mode of the student

academic prowess in the academic ‘world’ there is a need to address the students prerogative

in the society which serves as issues in empowering them towards helping to the
development of the society which also address the issue of gender equality, if we are

looking towards positive changes in the society and development.

RELATED STUDIES

Foreign

Litchfield (2010) has tried to define smartphone from its functional perspective as

a device that has an operating system (OS) essential for being operated by the users and

permanent internet connection. On the other hand, Prensky (2011)has pointed out some other

features and facilities of smartphone like as messaging option in different formats (i.e.,

voice, text, image, MMS, etc.), email, internet browsing, geo-positioning, downloading and

uploading. Furthermore, smartphones can act as mobile entertainment units where a user can

watch videos, listen to music, update blogs, as well as audio and video blogging (Kibona &

Mgaya, 2015). However, there are plenty of literary works done on this discipline depicting both

negative and positive consequences of smartphone usage on education and the users’ behavioral

pattern. But, from the methodological point of view those literary works were not scientific and

constructive enough to use as an empirical evidence for getting into a conclusion. Along with

this, the context was also different from Bangladesh. However, a quick snapshot of the

findings of those research works is given on the following section. In addition of the other

features of smartphones, O’Malley, et al. (2011)has emphasized the smartphone based learning

process, whereas the learning process is not confined only to a certain geographical

location, because anyone can access to the study materials from anywhere and anytime.

Smartphone (also termed as mobile phone) is an anytime and anywhere device which is

assisting its users to get available services discreetly and randomly. Moreover, smartphones and
other mobile technologies are affecting student’s learning methods and pedagogy (Buck,

McInnis, & Randolph, 2013).The contribution of smartphones in distance learning and

making students socially interactive and communicative is undeniable (Ketheeswaran &

Mukunthan, 2016). Sung (2005) and Shongwe (2009) have conceded smartphone as a tool

that is mitigating the digital divide. Besides smartphones, other technologies are also blessing

us through revolutionizing the teaching and learning process by eliminating the distance

barriers and facilitating smooth interaction among teachers and learners (Maiye & McGrath,

2010; McFarlane & Sakellariou, 2002). As the youngsters are being much more exposed to

smartphones (one of many other blessings of ICT), Evans (2009) has termed them as digital

natives and their parents/teachers as digital immigrants. Based on a survey of 124 students

Morphituo (2014) has found that there is a significant transformation in terms of using

smartphones instead of using laptops and this has substantial impact on the student’s

education, grades and study approach. Pange & Lekka (2015) have rated smartphone as the most

useful and popular technological device. More precisely, Spachos, et. al. (2014) has

indicated the importance of mobile applications in continuing medical education. Similarly, a

structured questionnaire based survey on 361 medical students of University of Birmingham,

UK has revealed that 59% students have their own smartphones; among which 37% students are

really using this device as a learning tool (Robinson, et al., 2013). Moreover, 84% students

believe that it can be useful for them also, but 64% thinks that it will be expensive for them to

possess a smartphone and 62% students don’t get this device useful for their medical

education (Robinson, et al., 2013). Another study on 83 respondents shows that 54% respondents

use mobile phone based internet, whereas rest of the respondents has reported the cost of using

mobile phone based internet as the reason for not using (Molnar, 2014). However, a prominent
research initiative has found that how smartphone or mobile based learning can help the students

on their laboratory classes, more specifically on realizing administrative and safety instructions

of the labs and knowledge related to their interested experiments (Shi, Sun, Xu, & Huan,

2016). Nevertheless, the authors have pointed out that the male students have more exposures to

mobile learning rather than the female students (Shi, Sun, Xu, & Huan, 2016). 30 faculty

members and 40 students of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania were gone through an

in-depth interview, where it was found that most of them were using their smartphones for

learning and teaching purposes and some of them also had m-learning applications

(Mtega,Bernard, Msungu, & Sanare, 2012). Bomhold (2013) has found that 35 (76%)

respondents (students) of the total number of 46 respondents use smartphone apps mostly for

finding their academic contents on the internet. Although, 7% of the 403 Japanese university

students are using smartphones for educational purposes. (White & Mills, 2012) Therefore, it

is predicted that smartphone would be widely used learning device for the students by 2020

(Caverly, Ward, & Caverly, 2009).

Local

Excessive use of mobile phones causes students to fare poorly in elementary, junior high and high

school, not only because it makes them lose their concentration due to a lack of sleep, but also because it

apparently compromises what they have studied, researchers say.Students who spend several hours each

day staring into mobile phones or smartphones tend to change their sleeping habits and stay up late to use

the devices, education ministry research published last week showed. The research was conducted last

November with 23,139 participants from the fifth grade of primary school up to the third year of high

school, at 771 public schools nationwide. It showed, for instance, that 53.5 percent of junior high students
who said they use a mobile phone for more than four hours a day to talk, send email or surf the Net,

habitually do not get to sleep until after midnight. That ratio was much lower, at 14.9 percent, for those

who don’t use mobile phones at all. The research also found that overusing mobile phones affects the

quality of students’ sleep. Asked if they find it hard to get up in the morning, 78.1 percent of junior high

respondents who often watch or use electronic devices, including TVs, game consoles, mobile phones and

computers, immediately before bedtime said they sometimes or frequently do have trouble the next

morning. That compared with 60.9 percent among those who don’t use gadgets at all. The research,

published in March, looked into the correlation between studying enthusiasm and smartphone usage. It

found that using a mobile phone for an extended time even affects students who habitually study a lot.

That implies a lack of sleep or reduced study time as a result of mobile phone usage is not the only way

these devices affect performance at school. The study revealed that students who spent over two hours

every day both studying and using messaging apps, especially the popular Line, scored worse on a math

exam than those who spent less than 30 minutes a day studying but didn’t use a smartphone at all. “When

people talk about children using smartphones in a negative sense, their main concern seems to be about

their criminal use, but this study calls the attention of parents and students to the risk that excessive use of

smartphones can compromise students’ effort to study,” Sato said. Sato advises the use of smartphones

and other mobile devices be limited to just an hour a day.

RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign

Tindell (2012), research suggests that college students frequently use the cell

phone during class time despite rules against doing. As cell phone technology continues its

rapid development, the device appears capable of contributing to student learning and

improved academic performance.


According to Tao (2013). Conversely, recent research suggests that many college

students perceive the cell phone primarily as a leisure device, and most commonly use

cell phones for social networking, surfing the Internet, watching videos, and playing games.

According to Kipp Bentley (2012) This is certainly only a starter list for smartphones in

classrooms. Many teachers and students are already using them in other, untold interesting

ways. But that s the point: Smartphones are compelling tools in the hands of students and

savvy educators, and they will only become more so over time. And using them in classrooms

presents new opportunities for teachers and students to work together on leveraging these

devices. Because, let’s face it, resistance is futile. Eventual futility of such bans, and how

educators are overlooking the computing power of these devices.And though there are many

schools and teachers that don t allow classroom smartphones, there are a growing number who

have established the necessary ground rules for their use and made smartphones an integral

part of their classrooms. Below is an introductory list of some ways these teachers are

leveraging their students smartphones for good.

LOCAL

During the State of Provincial Address, Governor Crescencio Pacalso have noted the

distraction of the use of the electronic gadget during class hours.

"With the technology, it could be a big help but at times also, it could be a distraction if this is

used during classes. It would be a distraction not only to the students themselves but also to the

whole class," the governor said.


"But this is also a big help, in terms of what the school division superintendent is saying if they

are using it for research in relation to their studies, makakatulong ito but outside that I think it

would be detrimental totheeducationsystem,"Pacalsoadded.

Department of Education (DepEd) Benguet Schools Division Superintendent Marie Carolyn

Verano said with the prohibition of the gadgets they are collecting comments from the different

schools prior to schools who have also activities using the gadgets.
CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides a description of the methodology that was used in thestudy.

Specifically, this chapter briefly discusses the research design, sources ofdata, instrumentation

and data collection, and tools for data analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study will use descriptive research method that will utilize quantitative technique to

assess the impacts of smartphones on the academic performance of Grade 11 ICT Students of

AMACC Lipa Campus. Thisresearch design helped the researchers to collect and analyze the

responses ofthe respondents to the checklist designed by the researchers and to obtain theirviews,

opinions, and perceptions to the subject.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers will distribute survey questionnaires to the target respondents that will be

selected randomly. A consent letter will be first given and will be signed by the respondents prior

answering the questionnaire. The respondents will have the right to refuse to the study if the will

wish to. The information and identity of the respondents will be held at most confidentiality.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The target population of the study will be the Grade 11 ICT Students of AMACC Lipa

Campus.

DATA ANALYSIS PLAN

The gathered data will be tallied and analyze quantitatively.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

Structured questionnaire was used to gather information from the respondents.

The questionnaire is a close ended one, whereby respondents were only allowed to choose their

answers from the boxes provided.

You might also like