Leaching example -Single stage leaching

Vegetable oil seeds containing 100 g insoluble solid and 10 g oil are contacted
with 200 g organic solvent in single stage leaching. Find the amount of oil left in
the seed after leaching. Equilibrium relation is N=-4y+8
x y N
0.02 0.26 6.96
Feed B= 100 g, A = 0 g, C= 10 g
0.04 0.28 6.88
0.06 0.31 6.76 F=A+C= 10 g, yF= C/(A+C)= 1 Solvent: A= 200 g, C= 0 g
0.08 0.34 6.64
M= F+R=10+200=210 g
yM= [F yF + RX]/M =[10(1)+200(0)]=10/210=0.0476

NM = B/M=100/210=0.476

From graph, x=0.03, y=0.3, N=6.9

B in feed appears in underflow i.e E

6.92 g of B is in 1 g (A+C), therefore 100 g of B is in 6.92/100 = 14.45 g of A+C

Oil in underflow is 14.45*0.3 = 4.335

Oil recovered = 10-4.335= 5.665
% recovery = [5.665/10]*100= 56%
 8

2 0.0476, 0.476
1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
 8

Ni
7

5
Trial I
4
Trial II
3

2
Xi Yi
1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
 8

1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
 Cross current leaching- Treybal Example

Caustic soda is manufactured from sodium carbonate and lime. The reuslting slurry consists of
particles of CaCo3 suspended in 10% solution of NaOH. 0.125 kg suspended solid /Kg solution
is present. This is settled and taken for two stage washing. The water used is equal to the
overflow withdrawn in the previous stage. Calculate the % unrecovered NaOH.

Given: B=0.125 kg/kg solution

Stage 1:Settling, Stage -2: Washing Stage 3: Washing

To locate M for settling process:

B 0.125
N Ms    0.125
AC 1
C
yMS   0.1
AC
Extrapolate the curve N vs. y till 0.1

-0.03 0.0155

0.1-0.0917=
(0.0083x0.03) / 0.0155  0.016 0.0083

For 0.1, N=0.495-0.016=0.479

Extend the N vs. y curve till point ( 0.1, 0.497). Draw a line form 0.1 (y) till it cuts the N vs. Y
curve. From the point it cuts the curve draw a line to origin. This is the line for settling
process.

The NM value is 0.125, draw a straight line parallel to x-axis from 0.125.

This cuts the E1R0 line at 0.125 straight line at M2. This is the line for first washing and the
operating line should be straight line through M2. Draw operating line for first washing using
trial and error method.

For settling:
N s  0.47
B  0.125
0.125
E1  Es   0.266 kg solution in undeflow
0.47
Therefore solution in overflow= 1-0.266=0.734 kg solution
For first washing
Water added as solvent= R 0 =0.734
B= 0.125
B 0.125
N M2 =   0.125
A  C 0.734  0.266
From op. line for washer 1,
N 2 =0.62
y 2 =0.027
0.125
E2   0.202 kg solution in undeflow from washer 1
0.62
Therefore solution in overflow from washer 1= 1-0.202=0.789 kg solution
From E2 draw a line to R0 and repeat the same procedure
Water added to the second washer 0.789 kg
B 0.125
N M3 =   0.125
A  C 0.789  0.202
From op. line for washer 2,
N3 =0.65
y 2 =0.019
0.125
E3   0.192kg solution in undeflow from washer 2
0.65
loss from washer 2= 0.192 X 0.019 = 0.00364 kg
% loss = (0.00364/0.1) x 100 = 3.648
Cross current leaching- Treybal Example
0.7

0.6

0.5 E1
0.4

0.3

0.2 M2 M1
0.125
0.1
R1
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
R0

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
 0.7
E2
0.62 0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2
0.027 0.125
0.1
0.031
0
0 R2 0.04
0.02 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14

Trial 1
Trial 2
0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
 0.7 E3
0.65 E2
0.6
E1
0.5

0.4
0.012
0.3

0.2
M3 M2 M1
0.019 0.125
0.1
0.031 R1
0 R3 R2
R0 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
 Countercurrent leaching

400 kg/h of NaOH is to be produced by reaction of soda ash with slaked lime. Overflow
from the thickener is desired to contain 10% NaOH. Determine the wastage if three
thickeners are used.
Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2------- 2NaOH +CaCO3 With 400 kg NaOH, 500 kg CaCO3 is produced

Start with assumption 1% is wasted, i.e 0.01 fraction from last stage-No 3

The corresponding N3 read from graph is 0.66

E3 N3  B  500 NaOH lost from stage 3,
500 E3 y3 =750 x 0.01= 7.5 kg /h
E3   750 kg/h
0.66 NaOH in overflow from stage 3: 400-7.5=392.5 kg/h
This ocrresponds to 0.1 wt fraction fo NaOH in overflow. Therefore
R  392.5 / 0.1  3925kg/h
1
overflow is

Fresh water sent = Water in underflow+ overflow

Water in overflow:3925-392.5=3532.5 kg/h
Water in undeflow:750-7.5=742.5
Water sent=3532.5+742.5=4275 kg/h
To verify that the assumption is correct plot the graph
F= 400 N F  B / F  500 / 400  1.25, yF  0.1
 Counter current leaching

0.7
E3
0.6

0.5
E1
0.4

0.3

0.2 R1
0.1
0.01 R2 Feed line
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 (1,1.25)
0.14
RNp+1 slope 1.35
0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
0.7
E2
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1 R3 R
2
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
 E3
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2
0.011 0.1
R3 R2
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Oil is to be extracted from seed in counter current extraction process(leaching). The un-
extracted solid contains 0.043 kg oil/kg solid. Final extract should contain 0.65 kg oil/kg
extract. Fresh solvent is used. How many kg solvent is needed /kg of solid. How many
extractors are needed. 90% recovery is desired. Basis 100 kg solid B
Kg solution/kg solid kg oil/kg solution
0.035 0 For feed:F Final overflow
0.042 0.1
0.05 0.2 C  0.043x100  4.3 kg
0.058 0.3
R1: 0.65 kg oil/kg solution
0.068 0.4
F= A+C= 0+4.3 kg= 4.3 kg [0,0.65]
0.081 0.5 B 100
0.099 0.6 NF =   23.26
0.12 0.68 A  C 4.3
C
yF  1
AC Final underflow ENP

For solvent RNp+1: Desired: 95 % recovery

Unrecovered: 5%
Fresh solvent : [NNp+1,xNp+1]=[0,0] Oil unrecovered= 4.3x0.05=0.215 kg
yNP= [0.215/A+0.215]

NNp = [100]/[A+0.215]

Slope = [100] / .215

=465
 30
ENP
25
F
20

15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
RNp+1
R1
 30
ENP
E7E
F Stages 8
25
6
E5
20 E4 Amount of solvent in
E3 underflow:
15 E2
E1 yNP= 0.06=C/A+C
10

5 A= 3.36
0
Total solvent used:
RNp+1 0 R7 0.2 R4 R30.4 R2 0.6 R 0.8 1 From overflow:
1
R5 0.65 kg solvent/kg solution
R6
C
x1   0.65
AC
C  4.3  0.215  4.085
4.085
x1   0.65
A  4.085
A  2.2 kg

Total solvent used= 2.2+3.36=5.56