NAME : Salman Ayassy Bin Razman CLASS

: M 10 L

SUBJECT : Biology HL (Lab Report) ASSES : DCP

TITLE : Estimating Glucose Concentration In a Solution

AIM

To investigate the concentration of glucose in a solution by using potassium

permanganate.

RESEARCH QUESTION

Does different concentration of glucose affect the time taken for the solution
added with potassium permanganate to turn colourless?

INTRODUCTION

Glucose (C6H12O6) is a monosaccharide reducing sugar. In this reaction the

glucose readily donates electron which are accepted by the permanganate
causing it to change colour.

The purple pink solution of potassium permanganate (MnO4-) is reduced to a

colourless solution of manganese ions (Mn2+).

MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O

Purple pink in solution Colourless in solution

As a result of this reaction the glucose is oxidised.

The time taken for the loss of colour from a standardised solution of
permanganate is directly related to the concentration of glucose present in
solution.

It is very important to time everything accurately and to use clean syringes and
boiling tubes for each different glucose concentration.

For this practical, the glucose solution of known concentrations and a graph of
the result shall be drawn.This will be known as a standard curve. This graph will
then be used to estimate the glucose concentration of unknown solutions.This
,ethod was used in labs to measure the glucose level in blood samples. The time
taken for pink colour of potassium permanganate solution to disappear will be
measured.

[ MARA COLLEGE BANTING IB STUDENT HANDBOOK BIOLOGY HL 2010 EDITION]

HYPOTHESIS

The higher the concentration of glucose in a solution, the shorter the time taken
for the solution to change from purplish pink to colourless. This is because more
glucose is present in the solution, thus more Permanganate ions can be reduced
to manganate ions in at a single time. This reduces the time taken for the
solution to change colour from purplish pink to colourless.

VARIABLES

VARIABLES METHOD TO CONTROL VARIABLES

INDEPENDENT -By using known concentration of
– Concentration of glucose glucose of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%,
and 30% of glucose solution in each
boiling tube plus additional 3 unknown
concentration of glucose in each
solution of A, B and C.

DEPENDENT -As soon as all the Potassium

– Time taken for the Potassium Permanganate solution has entered the
Permanganate solution to turn boiling tube, the time is recorded using
from purplish pink to colorless. a stopwatch until the solution changes
from purplish pink to colourless.

VARIABLES METHOD TO CONTROL VARIABLES

CONSTANT
I. Volume of solution tested.
II. Volume of potassium
permanganate solution used
in each boiling tube.
III. Volume of sulphuric acid used
in each boiling tube.
IV.
I. For each known concentration of
glucose solution and unknown
glucose concentration, only use
10cm3 of each solution to be
placed into each boiling tube for
the test by using a syringe.
II. For each boiling tube, add only
2cm3 of potassium
permanganate solution by using
a syringe.
III. For each boiling tube, use only
5cm3 of sulphuric acid for each
solution as a catalyst.
IV.
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

No APPARATUS AND MATERIALS QUANTITY VOLUME/SIZE

.
01 Glucose solution 5% 1 1 reagent bottle
02 Glucose solution 10% 1 1 reagent bottle
03 Glucose solution 15% 1 1 reagent bottle
04 Glucose solution 20% 1 1 reagent bottle
05 Glucose solution 25% 1 1 reagent bottle
06 Glucose solution 30% 1 1 reagent bottle
07 Unknown solution A 1 1 reagent bottle
08 Unknown solution B 1 1 reagent bottle
09 Unknown solution C 1 1 reagent bottle
10 1M Sulphuric Acid 1 1 reagent bottle
11 Potassium Permanganate 1 1 reagent bottle
12 Syringes 3 10cm3
13 Boiling tube 9 -
14 Eye protection 1 -
15 Stopwatch 1 -
16 Boiling tube rack 1 -
17 Labels 14 -
18 Glass rod 1 -
19 Beakers 2 100ml

METHOD

1. Label 2 beakers with: S – for sulphuric acid and PP – for Potassium

permanganate.

2. Label 3 syringes with: S – for sulphuric acid, PP – for Potassium

permanganate and G – for glucose.

3. Label 9 boiling tubes with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, A, B and C for
the different type of solution that are going to be tested.

4. About 45cm3 of Sulphuric acid and Potassium permanganate into the

beakers respectively. This is the stock to be used for the whole
experiment.

5. Using the correct syringe, place 10cm3 of the first glucose solution into the
correct boiling tube.

6. 5cm3 of sulphuric acid is added using the correct syringe.

7. 2cm3 of potassium permanganate is added and the stopwatch is started.

 8. Stir the solution with a glass rod and stop the time as soon as pink colour
disappears.

9. Record the time and the glucose solution used.

10.Rinse the glucose syringe thoroughly.

11.Repeat the experiment with each solution.

DATA COLLECTING

Qualitative Data

Type of solution Appearance of solution

Glucose 5% Clear
Glucose 10% Clear
Glucose 15% Clear
Glucose 20% Clear
Glucose 25% Clear
Glucose 30% Clear
Unknown solution A Cloudy, and sweet 100-plus smelling
solution
Unknown solution B

Unknown solution C Brown, murky and pulp-smelling

solution
Table 1 : shows the qualitative data of the solution present for the experiment

Quantitative Data

Boiling Concentratio Time taken for the colour of solution to change

tube n of from pink to colourless, (s)
glucose in Class group readings
solution 1 2 3 4
5% 5% 75.30 79.70 61.00 67.40
10% 10% 51.25 53.30 51.00 53.80
15% 15% 60.00 48.40 54.80 51.40
20% 20% 42.40 41.60 41.80 37.00
25% 25% 29.25 32.50 31.40 29.40
30% 30% 22.20 30.70 30.40 28.60
A Unknown 159.00 176.00 165.20 166.00
B Unknown 250.80 166.60 73.20 910.00
C Unknown 1.00 0.60 2.00 3.20

Table 2 : shows the time taken for each different group experiment to change from
purplish pink to colourless.
DATA PROCESSING

Boiling Average time Uncertainty of Rate of change of Standard

tube taken for average time colour (s-1) error of rate
colour change, taken for of change of
(±0.025s) colour change colour
5% 70.85 8.31 0.01411 0.001655
10% 52.34 1.42 0.01911 0.000518
15% 53.65 4.98 0.01865 0.001731
20% 40.70 2.49 0.02457 0.001503
25% 30.64 1.58 0.03264 0.001683
30% 27.98 3.96 0.03574 0.005058
A 166.55 7.03 0.00600 0.000253
B 350.15 380.22 0.00285 0.003095
C 1.70 1.16 0.58824 0.401387
Table 3 : Shows the processed raw data for the time taken of colour change.

Calculation 1 : Average time taken for colour change

Formula :

Average time taken = 1st reading+2nd reading+3rd reading+4th

reading4

Example :

Calculation for average time taken for solution in boiling tube 5%.

Average difference in length = 75.30+79.70+61.00+67.404

= 70.85 s

*For other data, the same means of calculation is used.

Calculation 2 : Uncertainties of average time taken for colour change

Formula:

Standard error = (x1-x)2+ (x2- x)2+(x3-x)2+(x4-x)2n-1

Where x = Average time taken for colour change , s

n = Number of trials

Example :

Calculation of uncertainties for average time taken for solution in boiling tube
5%.

Standard error = 75.30-70.852+79.70-70.852+61.00-70.852+(67.40-

70.85)24-1

= 19.80+78.32+97.02+11.903

= ± 8.31 s

*For other data, the same means of calculation is used.

Calculation 3 : Rate of change of colour, s-1

Formula :

Rate of change of colour = 1t

Where t = average time taken for colour change

Example :

Calculation for average time taken for solution in boiling tube 5%.

Rate of colour change = 170.85

= 0.01411 s-1

*For other data, the same means of calculation is used.

Calculation 4 : Standard error of rate of colour change

Formula:

Standard error= ∆tt×Rate of colur change

Where : Δt = uncertainty of average time taken

t = Average time taken for colour change

Example;

Calculation for average time taken for solution in boiling tube 5%.

Standard error= 8.3170.85×0.01411

= 0.001655.

*For other data, the same means of calculation is used.

DISCUSSION
1) From the 1st graph, we can see that as the concentration of glucose
increseas, the average time taken for the colour of potassium
permanganate solution to change from purplish pink to colourless
decreases. The average time taken for colour change is greatest at 5% and
lowest at 30%.
2) From the 2nd graph, as the concentration of glucose increases, the rate of
colour change of potassium permanganate solution from purplish pink to
Unknown
colourless increases. The rate of colour change is highest when at glucose
Solution C
concentration of 30% and lowest at 5%.
3) This is because, as the concentration of glucose increases, more glucose
molecules per cm3 exist in the solution. Thus, the rate of collision between
the molecules of glucose and ions of manganate increases, the number of
effective collision also increases as a result of this. Hence, the rate of
colour change increases.
4) Based on the graph, The concentration of glucose unknown solution A is
-2%, for unknown solution B is -6% and unknown solution C is 660%.

EVALUATION

Limitations Suggestions
During the experiment, parallax error My suggestion is that, we should take
for most of the instrument tends to extra precaution in taking the
occur because of human factor.This measurement of the solution. Place the
limits the accuracy of the measurement instrument on a flat plane and ensure
taken. the reading is taken from the meniscus
and also take note of any zero errors of
the instrument.
Glucose solution tend to oxidise when Reduse the time of contact of glucose
in contact with air as they are the
Unknown Solution A,solution
- 2% with air by covering the
reducing agents for the experiment. glucose solution with a stopper or a
cap.
Unknown
In the experiment an analog Solution B,We
stopwatch - 6%
could use instead a digital
was being used. This prevents an stopwatch to reduce the inaccurate
inaccurate and a not so precise time reading of the analog stopwatch.
taken.
In the experiment, the colour for the My suggestion is that, we prepare a
colour change is sometimes not standard colourless solution that we
consistent due to the subjective view of can use as a contrast to determine
the term colourless. whether the colour has fully changed.

660
%
CONCLUSION

The higher the concentration of glucose in a solution, the shorter the time taken
for the solution to change from purplish pink to colourless. This is because more
glucose is present in the solution, thus more Permanganate ions can be reduced
to manganate ions in at a single time. This reduces the time taken for the
solution to change colour from purplish pink to colourless.

Solution A has the highest concentration of glucose and solution B has the lowest
concentration of glucose comparative between the 3 unknown solution.

The hypothesis is accepted.

REFERENCE

MARA COLLEGE BANTING, IB STUDENTS HANBOOK FOR BIOLOGY HL, YEAR 1,

2010 EDITION.