ZAHID E NOTES

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Important Questions (Biology-12)

1. Define homeostasis with examples. (2)
2. What are heat shock proteins? (2)
3. What is hypertonic and hypotonic environment and what changes occur in cell in this
environment? (2)
4. Differentiate between osmoconformers and osmoregulators. (5)
5. Differentiate between active flight and passive flight. (2)
6. What are flame cells, give their role. (2)
7. Differentiate between shivering thermogenesis and non-shivering thermogenesis.
8. Define endotherms, ectotherms and heterotherms. (2)
9. Write four adaptations of xerophytes and hydrophytes and mesophytes. (3)
10.Write functions of photoreceptors and nociceptors.
11.Write structural formula of urea and uric acid. (2)
12.Differentiate between fibres and sclereides. (2)
13.Differentiate between afferent and efferent arterioles.
14.Define lithotripsy. (2)
15.What is haemodialysis? Give its importance.
16.What is foramen triosium? How is it formed?
17.Differentiate between photonasty and thermonasty.
18.Define phototactic and chemotactic movements with examples. (2)
19.Name the unpaired facial bones.
20.Differentiate between epical, lateral and intercalary meristems. (3)
21.What is blastoderm? Name its layers.
22.What is hematoma formation?
23.How callus is formed?
24.What is a synovial joint?
25.Give composition of exoskeleton in molluscs and arthropods. (2)
26.Differentiate between hyaline and fibro cartilage. (2)
27.What is sciatica and its causes?
28.Differentiate between effective and recovery strokes?
29.What is non-disjunction? Give its effects.
30.What is rickets? Give its causes and treatment. (2)
31.Differentiate between growth and development.
32.Explain testicular feminization syndromes.
33.What are the internal factors which affect the process of growth?
34.Define cell cycle. Give its phases.
35.How cytokinesis occur in animals and plants?
36.What is mitotic apparatus?
37.Explain homologous and analogous organs. (2)
38.Give importance of mitosis.
39.What is metastasis? Write its importance. (2)
40.Differentiate between apoptosis and necrosis. (2)
41.What is discoidal cleavage?
42.Write the symptoms and causes of Down’s syndrome? (3)
43.Define hardy Weinberg’s theorem. Give its formula. (4)
44.What are vestigial organs? Give two examples. (3)
45.Define apomixes. (2)
46.What is menupause and after birth? (2)
47.Differentiate between oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
48.Give role of hypothalamus as endocrine gland.
49.Describe oestrous cycle and menstrual cycle. (3)
50.What are effectors? Give their types.
51.Name only types of innate behaviour.
52.Differentiate between neurula and neurocoel.
53.Define primary organizer and primary induction.
54.Draw and label sensory neuron.
55.Define reflex arc. (3)
56.Differentiate between nerves and ganglia.
57.What is salutatory impulse?
58.What is effects of nicotine on coordination?
59.Give three possible ways to get the gene of interest. (2)
60.Give two goals of human genome project.
61.Define recombinant DNA. Role of lambda phage. (2)
62.What are transgenic plants? (3)
63.How artificial selection is different from natural selection.
64.Define genomic library.
65.State theory of special creation.
66.What is haploid and diploid parthenogenesis? Give one example. (3)
67.Name four common features to aquatic ecosystem.
68.Name two factors which influence life on land.
69.Define soil and give its basic constituents. (2)
70.How can we save energy? Give four ways. (2)
71.Define euchromatin. (2)
72.What is cretinism?
73.Describe gonorrhoea.
74.What is transformation? (2)
75.Sketch phosphodiester bond. Give example. (3)
76.What is allele and gene and gene pool and gene frequency? (4)
77.What is probe? Give its uses.
78.What is lactation? How is it controlled?
79.What is genetic drift? Genetic code. Fixed alleles (5)
80.Name any four animals declared extinct in Pakistan.
81.Define homozygous and heterozygous alleles. (4)
82.What is Epistasis? What is Bombay Phenotype? Dominance (3)
83.Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
84.Define neo Darwinism. (2)
85.What is true breeding variety? (2)
86.Define ecosystem.
87.What is predation? Give its significance. (2)
88.What is biosphere? (biome too) (3)
89.What is MODY? (3)
90.Define diurnal rhythms. How they are different from circannual rhythms and
biorhythms. (2)
91.What is hormone. Define anti diuretic hormone? (2)
92.What is seed dormancy? Give its importance. (2)
93.Write commercial application of cytokinins.
94. Differentiate between oviparous and viviparous and ovoviviparous animals. (3)
95.Differentiate between alpine and boreal forests. (2)
96.explain temperate deciduous forests? (2)
97.What are palindromic sequences? Give their significance. (2)
98.Write down the types of living organisms found in limnetic zone. (its life) (2)
99.Differentiate between climate and weather. (3)
100. Define renewable and non renewable resources. (5)
101. Define deforestation.
102. Write names of disease caused due to nutritional deficiency.
103. What is sickle cell anaemia?
104. Differentiate between heterochromatin and euchromatin. (3)
105. What are Okazaki fragments? Give their length. (2)
106. Name type of RNA. (2)
107. Differentiate between transcription and translation. (3)
108. What is law of segregation.
109. What are fraternal and identical twins? How they are produced. (3)
110. What are advantages of cloning? Tissue culture and cloning. (2)
111. Explain sex limited traits.
112. Define central dogma.
113. Give characteristic of profundal zone.
114. Give the sources and harmful effects of chlorofluorocarbons.
115. Define semi-conservative replication.
116. Differentiate between hydrosere and xerosere.
117. What is commensalism? Give example. (2)
118. Define population pressure. Give its effects on ecosystem.
119. Define point mutation and chromosomal aberration. (2)
120. Differentiate between monohybrid and dihybrids.
121. Differentiate between population and community.
122. Differentiate between consumers, producers and decomposers. (2)
123. Define anhydrobiosis with example. (2)
124. Define haptonastic movements. All types of nastic. Tropic movements. Give
examples. (4)
125. What is a tumour?
126. What is turner’s syndrome? Give its causes and feature. (2)
127. What are fossils? Where most of fossils found? (2)
128. Differentiate between dendrons and axons.
129. What is totipotent?
130. Write two measures to prevent aids.
131. What is acidic rain?
132. What is pleiotropy? Give example.
133. What is biodegradable plastic and its origin?
134. What are pyrogens?
135. Differentiate between sclerenchyma and collenchyma cells. (2)
136. What is herniation of discs?
137. What is habituation? Give examples.
138. Differentiate between homology and analogy.
139. Define parthenocarpy and example.
140. Write structure and functions of corpus luteum.
141. What is alkaptonuria and its causes.
142. Write characteristics of plant life in desert ecosystem.
143. What are poikilotherms? Give one example. (2)
144. What is the difference between CNS and PNS?
145. What is imprinting?
146. What is epilepsy?
147. Define vernalisation. Give example.
148. Define biogeochemical cycles.
149. What is parkinson’s disease?
150. What is test cross? Write its importance. (2)
151. Concept of incomplete dominance and codominance.
152. Define parasitism. Give examples.
153. Ozon depletion. Effects
154. Green house effect. (2)
155. Open growth. (2)
156. Define Nucleosomes
157. What are constituents of purines.
158. Give two adaptations for terrestrial ecosystem.
159. Write importance of photoperiodism in plants. (2)
160. What is mycorrhiza?
161. Why leaves are said to be excretophores?
162. Define regeneration.
163. What are restriction enzymes.

Long Questions
1. Discuss excretion in cockroach.
2. Discuss excretion in planaria.
3. Discuss excretion in plants. (3)
4. What is endoskeleton? Describe bone and cartilage.
5. Describe the significance of secondary growth in plants. Phases of plants growth. (2)
6. Write a note on paratonic movements in plants.
7. Explain osmoregulation in plants and marine animals.
8. Write a note on human appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton. (2)
9. Give a detailed note on sliding filament model.
10.Types of joints.
11.Write a note on deforestation and afforestation. (3)
12.Elaborate some major functions of skeleton system.
13.Explain endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotic cells.
14.Explain evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. (5)
15.Nervous system of hydra is better developed than that of planaria. Discuss. (2)
16.What are receptors? Describe their different types.
17.Write a note on adrenal gland.
18.Compare asexual reproduction with sexual reproduction.
19.How nerve impulse is produced and passed from one neuron to the other neuron.
Explain. (3)
20.Define the following terms: habitat, niche, food chain, food web, Climax community,
succession, habitat (6)
21.Explain female reproductive system in human.
22.Define modern synthesis.
23.Write a note on wildlife. (3)
24.Describe nitrogen cycle. (5)
25.Write a note on test tube babies and identical twins. (3)
26.What are chromosomes? What do you know about their types?
27.Write detailed note on regeneration. (2)
28.Explain sexually transmitted diseases in human with the help of examples. (2)
29.Sketch DNA replication fork and label (no description) all models. (3)
30.Analyze Darwin’s theory of natural selection as mechanism of natural selection.
31.Define and explain Mendel’s Law of segregation. (2)
32.Describe the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
33.Explain the phenomenon of gene linkage. Linkage groups. (3)
34.Write a note on aging. Explain causes and symptoms. (5)
35.Discuss genetics of colour blindness. (2)
36.Explain the phenomena of eutrophication. (2)
37.Define pollution. Describe the causes and effects of water pollution.
38.Cell cycle. (3)
39.Write a note on Tundra ecosystem.
40.What is abnormal development? Give various factors affecting abnormal
development.
41.Explain biotic components of ecosystem.
42.Discuss male reproductive system in human.
43.How energy is provided for muscle contraction. (3)