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State They are solid. They can be solid, liquid or They can be solid, liquid
gas. or gas.
Behavior under tend to move from low to tend to move from low to tend to move from high
non-uniform high field region. high field region. to low region.
field
Behavior under They preserve the They do not preserve the They do not preserve
external field magnetic properties after magnetic properties once the magnetic properties
the external field is the external field is once the external field is
removed. removed. removed.
Permeability Very high Little greater than unity Little less than unity
Susceptibility Very high and positive Little greater than unity Little less than unity and
and positive negative
Series Circuit Current in all elements is same, but Same flux passes through all elements
voltage or emf is different across each in series and sum of MMF’s across the
element. elements equal to applied MMF.
Lines of Force Electric lines of flux are not closed in Magnetic lines of flux are closed in a
an electric circuit. magnetic circuit.
Parallel Circuit Voltage across all branches is same MMF of each branch is same and equal
and equal to applied voltage whereas to the applied MMF. Flux in each
current in the branches is different. branch is different and their sum equals
the resultant flux.
Insulation Insulation confines the current to a There is no perfect insulation for flux
definite path. lines. It is impossible to confine all lines
to the core path.
Energy Flow of an electric current in an Energy is only needed for creating the
electric circuit involves continuous flux initially and no energy is needed to
dissipation of energy. maintain it.
Insulating Materials There are certain materials which act Since there are no magnetic insulators
as an insulator and current cannot so flux can pass through any material.
flow through them
Current / Flux Unit Current is measured in Ampere (A). Flux is measured in Weber (Wb).
Electrons / Flux In electric circuits, current flows (which In magnetic circuits, flux sets up inside
is in fact the flow of electrons) the magnetic circuit.
Electric / Magnetic Electric lines start from a positive Magnetic lines start from a North pole
Lines of force charge and terminate to a negative and terminate to a South pole.
charge
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE ( EMF) IN MAGNETOMOTIVE FORCE (MMF) IN
CHARACTERISTICS
VOLTS AMPERE TURN
Representation
We can summarise this in the following table:
Number of
Three Terminals Two Terminals
Connections