ORAL COMMUNICATION REVIEWER
 Tendency to be disorganized
TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO:
PURPOSE
1. Informative – provides the audience
with a clear understanding of a
concept/idea
2. Entertainment – provides the
audience with amusement
3. Persuasive – provides the audience
with well-argued ideas that can
influence their own beliefs and
decisions
DELIVERY
1. Extemporaneous
➝speaking w/ limited
time/preparation
➝guided by notes/outline
➝delivered conversationally
⤳ when u r a candidate for a post in
a student government & u deliver ur
campaign speech before a voting
public
⤳ when u r assigned to report a
topic in class
 helps u look confident
 engages the audience
 inadequate time preparation to
plan, organize, & rehearse
create an outline
organize ur points logically
use facts & real-life experiences
manage ur time to rehearse,
rehearse, rehearse
2. Impromptu
➝speaking w/o advanced
preparation
➝unrehearsed speech
➝spoken conversationally
⤳ b-day party
⤳ 1st day at work/ in class or during
interview
 Spontaneous/natural speaking
 More focused & brief
 Lacks connection w/ audience
 Nerve-racking for inexperienced
speakers & beginners
Once u r requested to say
something, pause for a moment
to plan what to say
State ur main points
End by saying thank you
3. Manuscript
➝ speaking w/ advanced
preparation
➝ planned & rehearsed speech
➝ reading aloud a written message
⤳ news casting with a Tele
Prompter/autocue device
⤳ presenting the legal proceedings
& verdict in court
⤳ reading the rules & criteria in a
contest
 Exact repetition of written words
 Guided speech
 Boring & uninteresting
presentation
 Lacks audience rapport or
connection
Rehearse over and over again
until u sound natural
Observe accomplished news
anchors
4. Memorized
➝ speaking w/ advanced
preparation
➝ planned & rehearsed speech
➝ reciting a written message word-
for-word from memory
⤳ performing in a stage play
⤳ delivering a declamation,
oratorical, or literary piece
⤳ when an actor/actress performs a
script from memory in a scene
 Exact repetition of written words
from a memory
 Maintained eye-contact
  Free to move around the stage
 Gestures are used
 Speakers might end up speaking SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
in a monotone pattern 1. AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
 Speaker might have difficulty
remembering his/her memorized *Entails looking into the profile of your
speech when stage fright is target audience.
cannot be controlled
Rehearse over and over again *Profile includes the following information:
until u sound natural -Demography- Age range, gender ratio,
Observe actors/actresses educational background, nationality,
economic status, academic or corporate
DELIVERY FOR DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
designations
1. Speaking to a specific audience size
-Situation- Time, venue, occasion, size
2. Speaking in an open-air venue or
outside a building -Psychology- Values, belief, attitude
3. Speaking in different venues
4. Speaking with a microphone 2. PURPOSE
5. Speaking with a podium or lectern
-Informative
RECURSE/RECURSIVE - repetition
-Entertainment
PRE-WRITING
-Persuasive
~Conducting an audience analysis.
3. TOPIC (your main point)
~Determining the purpose of speech.
Narrowing down a topic means asking
~Selecting a topic. your main idea more specific and focused.

~Narrowing down a topic. -General Purpose

~Gathering data -Topic

DURING WRITING -Narrowing down a topic through listing

~Selecting a speech pattern. 4. DATA GATHERING

~Preparing an outline. ~browsing/researching net/libraries,

observation, survey
~Creating the body of the speech.
5. WRITING PATTERN - structures that will
~Preparing the introduction. help you organize the ideas related
~Preparing the conclusion to your topic

POST WRITING DIFFERENT WRITING PATTERNS

~Editing (minimal errors) and/or Revising 1) BIBLIOGRAPHICAL - description of

(rephrasing big chunks of info) your life
to inform / entertain
~Rehearsing
2) CATEGORICAL/ TOPICAL - categories
supporting your topic
to inform, entertain and persuade
3) CAUSAL - cause and effect
relationships
to inform, entertain and persuade
4) CHRONOLOGICAL - presents the
idea in an orderly manner
to inform
5) COMPARISON/ CONTRAST- contrast
and comparison of two or three
points
to inform and persuade
6) PROBLEM- SOLUTION - identified
problem, causes and recommended
solutions
to inform and persuade
6. OUTLINE - hierarchical list that shows
the relationship of your ideas
-use real-life experiences
-start w/ familiar or strong quotes
-tell a personal story
-focus or statistics
8. BODY OF THE SPEECH- provides an
explanation, examples, or any
details
9. CONCLUSION- restate the main idea
of your speech.
-encouraging words/lines/songs
-restatement of messages
-ask questions
10. EDITING/REVISING (Andrew Dlugan,
2013)
-edit for focus
-edit for clarity
-edit for conclusion
-edit for continuity
-edit for variety
-edit for impact&beauty

TWO TYPES OF OUTLINE

 LIST FORMAT
 TABLE FORMAT
SOME STRATEGIES TO HIGHLIGHT
MAIN IDEA
 Show statistics
 Present real-life or practical
examples
 Present comparisons
 Share ideas from the experts or
practitioners

7. INTRODUCTION- foundation of your

speech where your primary goal is to
get the attention of the audience.
Getting attention:
-use practical examples