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kW Example Calculations
Copy and paste where needed, these have no links to other cells
blue = inputs

BEST
from measured volts/phase/amps
Volts 208
Amps 4
Phase 3
Power Factor 85%
kW 1.2

BETTER Method 1 - Fans (know cfm, SP) Method 1 - Pumps (know flow, delta P)
CFM 36,040 GPM 500
SP 1.75 Pump Head 80
Fan Eff 70% Pump Eff 70%
Fan BHP 14.2 Pump BHP 14.4
Motor Eff 85.5% Motor Eff 85.5%
Fan kW 12.4 Pump kW 12.6

GOOD Method 2 (know Volts, phase, amps, assumed power factor)

Volts 208
Amps 4
Phase 3
Power Factor 85%
kW 1.2

OK Method 3 (know hp, assumed load factor)

Nominal hp 15
Load Factor 85%
Motor Eff 85.5% (can be assumed from lookup table if unknown)
kW 11.1
QUICK REFERENCE SHEET - Office Buildings
This information is approximate and provided without warranty. Use at your own risk.
We don't advocate using rules of thumb for design - these are strictly for approximation and to shed light on designs you may encounter.
Subject Rule of Thumb Notes/Source Formulas Notes
VAV 10% Box Leakage Flow Sensible Air Conditioning BTU/hr = 1.08 * ΔT * CFM
30-50% Min Flow Latent Air Conditioning BTU/hr = 4.5 * CFM * ΔH
Infiltration 0.5-1.5 Air Changes/hr without
building pressurization Water Heating/Cooling BTU/hr = 500 * GPM * ΔT
BTU/hr = GPM *ΔT * 8.34 BTU/gal-ΔT Derivation
Supply Air 6 air changes/hr * 60min/hr * 1k/1000
1 CFM/ft^2 Tons = GPM * ΔT / 24
Water hp = (ft head)*(GPM) / 3960
Air Flow
Building pressurization 0.1 cfm/sf To make up exfiltration Pump Motor Hp = (water hp) / [(pump eff) * (motor eff)]
Building pressurization 0.00 to 0.05 IWG Summer Pump Hydrolic HP = GPM * (ft w.c.) / 3960
Building pressurization 0.00 to -0.02 IWG Winter, cold climates Fan Motor Hp = (cfm) * (SP) / [6354 * (Motor Eff) * (Fan Eff)] 6354 cfm*in.H2O / hp
Clean Room Air Flow: kW = 0.746 * (hp) * (load factor) / (motor eff)
Typical 90 to 100 fpm EER = (Btu/h of Cooling Delivered) / (Watts Input)
More Efficient 70 fpm = (kBtu of Cooling Delivered) / (kWh Input)
HSPF = (kBtu of Heating Delivered) / (kWh Input) Seasonal Avg
CHW flow 2.4 GPM/ton 10F rise COP = EER / 3.412 = 3.516 / (kW/ton) = 1 / EIR
CW flow 3.0 GPM/ton 10F rise kW/ton = 12 / EER
Cooling coil face velocity 500 ft per min EIR = 1 / COP = (kW/ton) / 3.516
Cooling tower makeup water 3 gal/ton-hr Due to evaporation, etc
Cooling capacity 300 to 500 sf/ton
Chiller input- water cooled 0.7-0.8 kW/ton Units
Chiller/DX Input air cooled 1.0-1.3 kW/ton 1 kW 3.412 kBtu/h
Cooling Absorbers 18lbs steam/ton 1 kWh 3.412 kBtu
Chillers, Pumps & Towers 0.9-1.0 kW/ton 1 ton 12,000 Btu/h
VAV 55F Supply Air 1 therm 100,000 Btu
AHU air flow 400 cfm/ton For Bay Area or low humidity 1 lb H2O 7,000 grains
Grocery Stores: 1 psi 2.307 feet of water
Annual compressor use: 8400 kWh/ton-yr 1 ft^3 of H2O 62.4 lbm
PG&E Prescriptive express
Compressor demand: 1.7 kW/ton documentation
Material Properties
Occupant Load 250 BTU/hr Sens + 200 BTU/hr Lat Fuel oil Heat of Combustion 140 kBtu/gallon

ls
ta
Occupant Density 100-150 ft^2/person Steam Enthalpy of Vaporization 970 Btu/lb

en
Heat Transmission ma Water Density 8.34 lbm/gallon
nd
Fu

Glass 1 BTU/ft^2/F Specific Heat 1 Btu/(lbm-F)

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k

Heat Loads
oo

Good Wall 0.1 BTU/ft^2/F Propane Heat of Combustion 2500 Btu/ft^3

b
nd

Masonry Wall 0.15-0.3 BTU/ft^2/F Heat of Combustion 21560 Btu/lb

Ha
AE

Thin Poor Wall 0.25-0.5 BTU/ft^2/F Natural Gas Heat of Combustion 1000 Btu/ft^3
R
H
AS

Overall Building 0.15-0.5 BTU/ft^2/F Wood Heat of Combustion 8000 Btu/lb

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Se

Density 45 lb/ft^3
Boiler Horsepower (BHP) 1 BHP = 33,479 BTU/hr = 9.8kW
Reheat System Design 55F Supply Air
Heating
30F to 40F rise Reheat Coils
Dual Duct/Multizone 70-105F Supply Air With ODA Reset Schedule

Water use in office building 15 to 20 gallons/person-day Not including irrigation - EBMUD

1 psi = 2.307 feet of water
Water
1 ft^3 of H2O = 62.4 lbm