You are on page 1of 13

Confidential APRC/75-76/32

MANIFEST ANXIETY SCALE


Constructed and Standardised I>v :
Dr. D. N. Srivastava and Dr. Goviml Tiwari
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
Agra College, Agra

Name............................... .................... ......... .................... Date

Age......................... .. ........ Sex........................._ ...Occupation......

Address

INSTRUCTION
There are hundred questions related with your personality. You have to answer
these questions in positive or negative, whichever you think to be most suitable. Put
cross ( x ) mark In front of ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ as per vour selected answer. Your answer will
be kept absolutely confidential.

SCORING TABLE

PAGES 2 3 4 TOTAL

SCORES

Published by —
AGRA PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH CELL
TIWARI KOTHI, BELANGANJ, AGRA—282004
(Phor.e : 62964)
( 2 )

1. I get nervous when the elders discuss about


the family responsibilities. Yes No
2. I often feel nervous in meet in,!.' with others. Yes No
3. 1 am restless to meet with rny friends. Yes No
4. I am often lost in the imagination of my life partner. Yes No
5. I get restless to think that life as full of disappointments. Yes No
6. In nervousness I think that hie is useless Yes Na
7. Sometimes I do. not get sleep due to over excitation. Yes No
8. I get nervous to hear the shrill voice of others. Yes No
9. I feel shy in front of opposite-sex. Yes N»
10. I feel nervous at painful thoughts Yes No
11. Sometimes many thoughts cute-re rny mind willicit make me nervous Yes No
12. My heart palpitates whenever 1 listen the talks of war. Yes No
13. I fee! eneasv when ! am asked to pet form domestic duties, Yes No
14. I feel that people misunderstand me. Yes No
15. I get restless when 1 see my friends have difficulties. Yes No
16. I often feel worried that my life partner may not get a marry. Yes No
17. I feel nervous to think that fortune will not favour me. Yes No
18. I am worried to think about my progress. Yes No
19. Often I feel hcavyness in my head. Yes No
20. I think that 1 have criminal feelings. Yes No
21. I feel nervous to talk with young people of opposite sex. Yes No
22. I get nervous in doing any important work. Yes No
23. Often I lost in thoughts. Yes No
24. Whenever I quarrel with anybody 1 fee! rest-less and strained. Yes No
25. I often worry that mv family is getting into some trouble. Yes No
26. I often feel helpless. Yes No
27. I am worried that my friends will make fun of me. Yes No
28. When 1 wait for my partner i get restless Yes No
29. I am nervous to meet with people due to fear of criticism. Yes No
30. I feel difficulty to come a conclusion. Yes No
31. I am always worried that my body is becoming out of proportion. Yes No
32. I do not talk with young people of opposite sex for
the fear of being made fun oil'.
Yes No
33. Sometimes I do not like anything so I get disturbed.
Yes No
( 3 )

34. I am afraid of doing any crime. Yes No


35. Sometimes I do not remember myself because I am lost in thoughts. Yes No
36. What I quarrel with anybody I tremble with fear. Yes No
37. I am pained whenever any of my family member is sick. Yes No
38. When people criticize me, my face becomes red with anger. Yes No
39. I am sad to see my friends have difficulties. Yes No
40. I am disturbed when I think that people may not of my love. Yes No
41. Whatever I do, there is possibility of mistakes. Yes No
42. Often I think it is better to die. Yes No
43. I am very much worried that chest should be broad and
abdomen to be sunk. Yes No
44. I tremble at the sight of criminal actions. Yes No
45. Sometimes I blush clue to shyness. Yes No
46. Often I get tired without doing any work. Yes No
47. Often I feel that I have not slept enough. Yes No
48. Anger remains after quarrel but for tw'o or three days
the position is strained. Yes No
49. When any of old people in family get angiy I em very much afraid. Yes No
50. Often I am worried when I heard other’s trouble. Yes No
51. I am afraid of making many friends. Yes No
52. I am less worried about my invitations may not pow out my secrets. Yes No
53. I am afraid that my family members will not respect me
when I grow old. Yes No
54. I am worried to think of my weakness and life goal. Yes No
55. Often when I am free I think of my health. Yes No
56. I sleep late when I hear about some serious crime. Yes No
57. Sometimes I feel shy to meet my elders. Yes No
58. Often I think that I am also a sinner. Yes No
59. I feel sfammerred when talking with people of opposite sex. Yes No
60. I remain an distance with opposite sex. Yes No
61. Often my family members give pain to my feelings. Yes No
62. I weep to while seeing other’s weeping. Yes No
63. I am disturbed worring over the useless things of my friends. Yes No
64. I get worried when I see dream of the death of my family members. Yes No
65. Often I think, when I sleep that I may not fall, into some difficulty
in future. Yes No
66. Often I am worried due to any life-goal. Yes Nc
, 1

( 4 )

67. I get nervous when I saw dream that I am very sick. Yes No
68. Criminal feelings about sex create a war in mind. Yes No
69. I also see sex related dreams which I can not tell to others. Yes No
70. I get nervous to think of troubles of future. Yes No
71. Jam not sick but my palms perspire. Yes No
72. I get worried when 1 am not able to finish work in time. Yes No
73. I get worried when I think what will be apper in my
family after my death. Yes No
74. I feel nervous in meeting and talking with people. Yes No
75. Often I think that my importance is decreasing. Yes No
76. Often I get angry on myself and l am disturbed. Yes No
77. In dream I find myself encircled with difficulties
and when I get up feel nervous. Yes No
78. Often I think what will happen in my future. Yes No
79. Often I work during mentally strained conditions. Yes No
80. Often I am afraid of failure. Yes No
81. I feel a bit shy to sit and talk with many people. Yes No
82. Sometimes I think that I am not fit to show my face to others. Yes No
83. I get worried when I plan to go any where, Yes No
84. Often I feel sorrow to find other people quarrel at pretty things. Yes No
85. Usually I feel that some people do not like me. Yes No
86. Usually I feel that this life has no use for me. Yes No
87. Ofien I am worried about friends when I do not get sleep. Yes No
88. I am w>orried about my sexual weakness. Yes No
89. Suddenly I am pained to think of futures. Yes No
90. I am worried to get sucess. Yes No
91. I little like to eat of market things due to fear of sickness. Yes No
92. Due to mental tension, I feel shy to go infront of others. Yes No
93. Sometimes being shy I am not able to talk. Yes No
94. My heart pulpitates when I see people of other sex. Yes No
95. When I travel I reach the station much ahead of time. Yes No
96. Though I walk on left hand side on the road yet I am
afraid f may not collide with anything. Yes No
97. Often I am afraid that f riends may not leave me. Yes No
98. I get worried to think that in old age body is shattered. Yes No
99. My stomach is not in order due to indigestion. Yes No
100. In my free tin e usually I am worried on minor points. Yes No
APPENDIX C-l

MANUAL OF ANXIETY SCALE

INTRODUCTION

Ours is said to be the age of anxiety. Anxiety is a common

symptom which is found in almost every individual of the world and

specially in students of today. Anxiety can be defined as a 'state

of arousal’ caused by threat to well being (Spielberger, 1960).

'State1 means a condition involving the entire organism. 'Arousal'

means a condition of tension, unrest, or uneasiness or a readiness

to act the respond. 'Threat' means anticipation of pain or danger

or serious interference with goal seeking activities. Operationally,

anxiety can be defined as the automatic response pattern

characteristic of •:> particular individual organism after the

administration of a a noxious stimulus (Wolpe, 1952).

Anxiety is one of the most important problems in Psychology.

The investigations of 'Manifest Anxiety' begun at the Lowa University

by Spence and Taylor (1951, 1953, 1956). This research starts with

a set of items from MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality

Inventory), first appeared in 1940 and the manual in 1943) Which

have been judged to be indicative of overt anxiety symptoms (Taylor,

1951) . Taylor revised her inventory 'A personality scale of Manifest

Anxiety1 In 1953. These items together, with other buffer items,

are used to constitute a scale which is administered to introductory

psychology students. The top and bottom 10-20% are selected and
241

designated as high and low MAS subjects. Taylor's manifest anxiety

scale provides a quick and reliable measure of anxiety but it is

doubtful that it measures the same anxiety as assessed by the

Rorschach Test (Eichler, 1951). No doubt that these Iowa University

investigations stimulated a large volume of research on anxiety and

its correlates.

Sarason & Handler have developed their anxiety questionnaire

"Test Anxiety Questionnaire" in 1952. In 1957, Cattel introducted

his IPAT anxiety scale and in 1959, Martin developed a test on

anxiety. Jenkins and Lykken (1957) have pointed out that in some

cases high MAS subjects may show better performance that low MAS

subjects on the first conditioning trial i.e., before the CS and

the Us have paired. Standish & Champion (1960) confirmed that the

higher MAS subjects did relatively better than low MAS subjects on

the simple task but this relationship was reversed with the difficult

material. It was shown in many studies (Sinha, D. 1958, 1961, 1966,

1966) in India that anxiety is related to academic attainment and

performance. In one study academic ranks and the correlation of the

anxiety score was found to be significant at .01 level (Sinha, D.,

1961).

In India anxiety scale construction starts with the work of

S.D. Kapoor of Delhi. His test was published as Hindi adaptation

of Cattell's IPAT. Sinha W-A self-Analysis form' a anxiety test in


242

Hindi by Prof D. Sinha of Allahabad was published 1966 A Hindi

adaptation of Taylor's Anxiety Scale was developed in 1967 by BN

Singh and RC. Thakur of Muzzaffernagar Sinha's Comprehensive Anxiety

Test by A.K.P Sinha of Delhi and L.N. .K. Sinha of Patna was published

in 1973.

DEVELOPMENT OP THE TEST

The anxiety scale has been developed for use with school and

college students of India The preliminary from of the test has 150

'Yes-No' Type of items on the following areas: (1) Psychological

manifestations, (2) Ambition, (3) Future, (4) Family, (5) Relations,

(6) Friendship, (7) Love, (8) Health, (9) Virtue & War, (10) Shame,

and (11) Guilt. In the item-construction help was taken from most

of the test mentioned in the introduction of this manual.

After giving proper instructions to the subjects of the sample

the preliminary test was administered. Their age range was 16-24

years After calculating the number of examinees doing each item

correctly as well as incorrectly, use of extreme groups as described

by Anastasi (1968) was followed. Item-analysis was done with the

help of the method described by Anastasi (1968). 120 items were of

good discriminative value, so 20 items were eliminated. In the final

test there are 100 'Yes-No' type of items.. It has been prepared

both in Hindi and English. Ordinarily an examinee takes about 20

to 25 minutes time in answering the test.


243

RELIABILITY
The coefficient of reliability was determined by split-half

method and test-retest method. The test-retest reliability was

determined by administrating the test after two weeks time. The

following table shows the reliability coefficients determined by

above two methods.

Table 1 - Showing Reliability of the Test

Split-Half Male 200 . 93

Test-Retest Male 82 .91

VALIDITY

The validation criterion used for this test was to correlate

the scores of this present test with scores of other valid test on

manifest anxiety in Hindi. For this following two tests were selected;

(1) Sinha W-A self-Analysis from constructed and standrized

by Prof... D.. Sinha again on 100 male subjects correlation was found

to be .73

(2) Sinha's comprehensive Anxiety Test constructed by A.K.P.

Sinha and L.N.K. Sinha on 100 male subjects correlation was found

to .71.
244

ADMINISTRATION OF THE TEST


1. It is a self-administering inventory. The examiner should

read the instructions given on the over page of the inventory before

the examinees. The examinees should also read instructions silently

alongwith the examiner.

2. There is no time limit for the test. Ordinarily an examinee

takes about 20 to 25 minutes time in completing the whole inventory.

3. The examinees should interpret the questions himself. The

questions regarding the meaning or contents, if any, should be

answered by the examiner.

4. The examiner should make every effort to secure the frank

and sincere co-operation of the examinees. The examiner may assure

the examinees that the results would always remain strictly

confidential.

5. Questions from examinoos concerning the purpose and uso

of the inventory should be answered frankly.

Scoring of the Test


The inventory can be scored accurately by hand in three or

four minutes of time. For any answer checked as Yes should be given

the score of one. The total manifest anxiety score of every examinee

would be the sum of items checked as Yes.


Uses of the Test

The present test is a measure of manifest anxiety and is

useful for group administration. Like other tests of manifest anxiety

this test can also be used in research and survey purposes. With

the help of this test one can screen easily high or low manifest

anxiety score subjects.

NORMS

Percentile norms for the present inventory are given in

Table-2. Number of Units in the sample were 471 male and 502 were

female reading in graduate and post-graduate class. Percentile norms

were calculated for male and females and are given separately in

Table-2. The subject can be classified into five categories on the

basis of scores obtained on the inventory. The five categories are:

A+1 stands for very high level of anxiety or hyper anxiety person,

'A' stands for high anxiety, "B1 stands for normal range of anxiety,

'C' stands for low anxiety and, "C-'stands for very low level of

anxiety.
246

Table-2 showing percentile Norms.


Percent)les Boys Girls Categories Interpretation

99 72 72

95 53 64 A + Very High Level of Anxiety

90 47 59

80 45 50

75(03) 42 46 A High Anxiety

70 38 43

60 34 39

50 29 34 B normal Range of Anxiety

40 27 29

40 24 26 C Low Anxiety

25(01) 18 22

20 16 19 C- Very Low Level Anxiety

10 11 12
----- -- --- -- ---------
1 3 2

N=973 471 502


Mean 33.71 35.69
Median 28.69 33.62
S.D. 11.08 13.06

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Authors are highly indebted to their teacher Dr. N.S. Chauhan,

Reader-Head, Deptt. Of Psychology. Agra College, Agra for inspiration

REFERENCES

1. Anastasi, A. (1968) Psychological Testing, London, Macmillan

co. p. 160-175

2. Cattell, R. (1957) Personality and Motivation: Structure and

Measurement, New York, World Book Co.

3. Eichler, R.M. (1951) Experimental stress and alleged Rorschach

indices of Anxiety. J. Abnorm. soc. Psychol.


4. Jenkin, J. J. & Lykkens, D.T. (1957) individual Differences.

Ann. Rev. Psychol., 8, 79-112.

5. Martin, B. (1959) The Measurement of Anxiety, J Gen. Psychol,

61. 189-203.

6. Sarason, S.B. & Handler, G. (1952) Some Correlates of Test


Anxiety. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 47, 810-17.

7. Sinha, A.K.P. & Sinha, L.N.K. (1973) Sinha's comprehensive


Anxiety Test National Psychol. Corp. Agra.

8. Sinha, D & Singh, T.R. (1978) Manifest Anxiety and Performance

of Problem Solving Task. JU. Consult. Psychol, 23, 469.

9. Sinha, D. (1961) Anxiety and Academic Performance.

Psychologia, 4, 119-122.

10. Sinha, D. (1966) A Psychological Analysis of some factors

associated with success and failure in University education.

A summary of the findings, Ind ed. Rev., 1, 34-47.

11. Sinha, D. (1966) a Psychological Analysis of some factors


associated with Success and Failure in University Education,

Intelligence, Anxiety and Adjustment of Academic-achievers

and Nonachievers. Psychol. Studies, 11, 69-88.


243

12. Spence, K.W. & Taylor, J.A. (1951). Anxiety and Strength of
UCS as determinants of the amount of Eyelid conditioning.,

J. Exp. Psychol, 42, 183-88.

13. Spence, K.W. and Taylor, J.A. (1953) The Relation of

Conditioned Response strength to Anxiety in Normal Neurotic

and Psychotic Subjects. J. Exp. Psychol, 45, 265-72.

14. Spence, K.W. and Taylor, J.A. et al. (1956) Anxiety (drive)

level and Degree of competition in Paired Associates learning.

J. Exp. Psychol., 52, 306,10

15. Standish, R.R. and Champion R.A. (1960) Task difficulty and

Drive in Verbal Learning. J. Exp. Psychol., 59, 361-65.

16. Taylor, J.A. (1951) The relationship of Anxiety to the

conditioned Eyelid Response. J. Exp. Psychol. 41, 81-92.

17. Taylor, J.A. (1953) A personality Scale of Manifest Anxiety.

J. Abnorm Soc. Psychol., 48, 285-90.

18. Wolpe, J. (1952) Experimental Neuroses as learned Behavior,

J. Brit. Psychol., 43, 243-68.

You might also like