Important things to keep in mind when using nouns are which article to use and how to form the

plural and how to

form the possessive case.

Article
Direct article - the

example: the house

Indirect article a / an

a - if the first letter of the following word is pronounced like a consonant

example: a car, a university

an - if the first letter of the following word is pronounced like a vowel

example: an apple, an hour

Exercise on indirect articles

Exercise on direct articles

Plural
general rule: singular form + s

example: a car - two cars

after s, ch, x, z the plural is formed by adding es

example: a box - two boxes

y after a consonant is changed to ie before the plural s

example: a city - two cities

But: y after a vowel is not changed

example: a boy - two boys

After o the plural is usually formed by adding es (this is not the case, however, with words used for electric gadgets
and music: radio, video, disco)

example: a tomato - two tomatoes

Exercise - singular or plural?

Possessive Case of Nouns

 adding 's of phrase

usually used for people usually used for things

Ronny's brother the name of the school

If there is a relation to people when using the possessive case with unanimated things, often the s is added instead
of using an of phrase.

example: Germany's economy or the ecomony of Germany

When using the possessive case with a time, s is added.

example: a three week's holiday

Exercise on the possessive case of nouns

Simple Present - Form Level: elementary

be
Use:

 am with the personal pronoun II

 is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or with the singular form of nouns)
 are with the personal pronouns we, you or they (or with the plural form of nouns)

example: I am hungry.

affirmative negative question

I I am. I am not. Am I?

he/she/it He is. He is not. Is he?

you/we/they You are. You are not. Are you?

Exercise on simple present with 'be'

Exercise on Form with 'be'

Write down the missing sentences.

affirmative negative question

I I am hungry.

you You are Sam.

he He is not here.

she Is she loud?

it It is okay.

we Are we fine?

you You are not friendly.

they Are they happy?

Check Answ ers

have
 Use:

 have with the personal pronouns I, you, we und they (or with the plural form of nouns)
 has with the personal pronouns he, she, it (or with the singular form of nouns)

example: I have a dog. / I have got a dog.

'have got' is mainly used in British English. You can also use 'have' on its own (especially in American English). In
this case, however, you must form negative sentences and questions with the auxiliary verb 'do' (see 'All other
verbs').

positiv negativ question

I/you/we/they I have got. / I have. I have not got. / I do not have. Have I got? / Do I have?

he/she/it He has got. / He has. He has not got. / He does not Has he got? / Does he
have. have?

Exercise on simple present with 'have got'

Exercise on simple present with 'have' + 'do'

All other verbs

Use:

 the infinite verb (play) with the personal pronouns I, you, we and they (or with the plural form of nouns)
 the verb + s (plays) with the personal pronouns he, she, it (or with the singular form of nouns)

affirmative negative question

I/you/we/they I play. I do not play. Do I play?

he/she/it He plays. He does not play. Does he play?

Tips on how to form negative sentences and questions

Negative sentences and questions are formed with the auxiliary verb 'do'.
 Animation on negative sentences and questions

The 3rd person singular of 'do' is 'does'. This means that in negative sentences and questions the 's' of the main verb
is placed behind 'do'.

Exercise on simple present with the auxiliary verb 'do'

Exercise on affirmative sentences

Exercise on negative sentences

Exercise on questions

Exercise on questions with interrogatives