STARTER

WESTERN PHILOSPHERS
1. Nature of Greek Political Thought: Socrates, Plato Aristotle.

2. Conflict between Church & State; The Conciliary theory of Church Government.

3. Political thought of Machiavelli, Bodin, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, Montesqieu

Hume, Burke.

4. Utilitarians: Bentham, J.S. Mill.

5. Kant, Hegel and T.H. Green

6. Rise of Democratic Socialism.

7. Communism: Karl Marx: Development of Communism after Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Mao Tse-Tung.

8. Faccism and National Socialism.

9. The Revolution of Democratic Liberalism

(a) Theories of constitutional Government in Europe during 19th century; Rise of

democratic socialism – Liberal concept of authority; Growth of democratic ideas in

America.

(b) The Area of Liberal – Conservative disagreement in English and American Political

Thought. Liberalism and liberal Political culture today. Ideology as a secular religion.

10. Revolutionary Collectivism

(a) Fascism and National Socialism – their roots and origin, The Nazi version of

modernity.

(b) Communism: Marxism with special reference to Communist modernity in the Soviet

Union and China. Theory and practice from Lenin to Khrushchev and Mao-ze-Tung.

The social and psychological background of Marxist appeal.

11. Modern Political Theories

Syndicalism; Guild Socialism; Anarchism; Utopian Socialism; Fabianism.

12. A new focus of political unity.

Origin and development of Nationalism in the West. Nationalism and revolution in 19th
century. The nature of Soviet and Chinese nationalism. Development of Nationalism in Asia and
Africa.

MUSLIM PHILOSPHERS
1. Political Concepts of Islam:

(a) Islamic Concept of State: Nature of Islamic Polity-Sphere of Islamic State-Islam and

Theocracy-Democratic Ideals of Islamic Polity.

(b) Concept of Sovereignty and its implication.

(c) Islamic Law-its sources-place of Ijtihad in Islamic Law-Constitutional law-Personal

Law. Muslim International Law-Sources and Characteristics.

(d) Concept of Millat and position of religious minorities in Islamic State.

(e) Concept of Liberty and Fundamental Human Rights in Islam.

(f) Principles of Social and economic justice in Islam – A comparative view with reference

to modern secular ideologies

2. Traditional Institutions and their Organization and Procedural form in a Modern Environment:

(a) Khilafat – Theory and Practice, Principles underlying the institution. Grounds of

Political obligations – Form of Government in Modern Islamic State.

(b) As Shura – its significance – views regarding its god in form; organizational and

procedural.

(c) Al-Qaza-Judiciary as the guardian of fundamental rights. Judical Review to judge the
 validity of laws in the light of Quran and Sunna.

3. Thinkers:

(a) Al-Fauabi (b) Al-Mawardi (c) Al-Ghazzali

(d) Ibn Khaldum (e) Shah Waliullah (f) Iqbal

4. General trends, of Muslim Political and social thought during 19th and early 20th

century, with special reference to the work of Jamal ud Din Afghani, Muhammad

Abduh and Rashid Rida.

5. Political and ideological movements in the Muslim World:

(a) Rise Arab Nationalism.

(b) Reformation movement of Ikhwan ul Muslameen in the Middle East.

(c) Development of Muslim Nationalism in India.

(d) Modernization in Turkey after the abolition of Khilafat; Islam in Turkish secularism.

(e) Revival of Islamic order under Aiyat Ullah Khumini.

6. Contribution of Allama Muhammad Iqbal as a Thinker and reformer with emphasis on

the following aspects of his thought; political significance of Khudi. Momin and Millat;

His dynamic views regarding Islamic polity and Islamic Law.

7. Abul Ala Maudoodi as a thinker. His views against secular basis of nationalism; His

views regarding Islamic polity.

8. Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah – His contribution to the ideological foundations

of Pakistan. (A study of his speeches and statements is to be made to understand his

views about the socio-economic and political bases of Pakistan.

BOLD = IR, Underlined = PA + CA

SYLLABUS
 • INTRODUCTION TO IR
• Meaning, definition, nature and scope of IR. (1.1)

• Evolution and development of IR. ( 1.2 Evolution of International society)

• –

• –

• International system and subsystems (1.3 The Nation State system)

• Foreign policy(3.4), National interest and Diplomacy-(7.1) (3.6)

• Power and balance of power (3.2-3.3 Power, Elements of power, Balance of Power)

• Regionalism and globalization

• State and non-state actors

• Human rights in IR.

• Religion, ethics, morality and justice in IR

• The role of political economy in IR.

• The concept of war and peace in IR

EXTRA: Sovereignty 3.5

• THEORIES OF IR
• Introduction to theories, paradigms and concepts in IR (Definition, nature and scope).

• Theories

• Realism (2.1)

• Historical/philosophical basis of Realism

• Essentials of IR: State, survival and self help

• Kinds of realism: Structural realism, Historical and practical realism, liberal

realism

• Neo-realism (2.3)
 • Liberalism (2.1)

• Liberal debates

• Varieties of liberalism: Idealism, liberal institutionalism and liberal

internationalism

• Crisis of liberalism and neo liberalism (2.3)

Constructivism (2.4)

• Marxist theories - MT

• Essential elements of MT

• World system theory

• Dependensia

• Gramscianism

• Critical theory (2.4)

• Neo-Marxism

• Feminist theory – FT (2.4)

• Liberal feminism

• Marxist/Socialist feminism

• Stand-point feminism

• Post-modernism (2.4)

• Historical sociology

• Social constructivism

• The Scientific revolution – Behavioral approach and system approach (2.2)

• Contemporary global system and various features of contemporary global system

• IR since 1945
 • East-West relations

• Impact of the WWII on the structure of the world politics (WWII 9.1)

• Emergence of superpowers, bipolarity, east-west confrontation, cold war. (Rise of US

and Soviet Union 10.2)

• Sino-Soviet split, sino-american rapprochement

• Détente, east-west cooperation, peaceful coexistence

EXTRA: Era of tight Bipolarity, Détente and Loose Bipolarity, Revival of cold war) 10.3

• Post-cold war era and new world order

• United nations in the unipolar order

• The disintegrating of the soviet union

• Eastern Europe after the cold war

• Russia in the post-soviet setting (Russian Revolution 9.1)

• Emerging regionalism, economic organization: EU (Extra: EU Foreign Policy 13.1),

SCO,ASEAN,NAFTA & APEC

EXTRA: End of History, Clash of Civilization, Terrorism, Globalization, Unipolarity (New World
Order) and revival of multi-polarity. (11.1)

• New poles of international power and influence

• Rise of china as major power

• Emergence of japan and Germany as economic power

• Emergence of united Europe

• Rise of asia pacific region

• EXTRA: Contemporary issue (Euro-Atlantic VS Asia Pacific: Great Power Policies

) (16.1)

• EXTRA: Fascism (9.1)

• The third world

 • Decolonization (Cold war: Decolonization in Asia and Africa 10.1)

• Nonaligned movement in the new world order

• Muslim world order and OIC

• North-South dialogue

• Selected regional and international issues: the gulf war, the Bosnia tragedy, the Kashmir dispute,
the Islamic revivalism and the west, the Muslim world and the new world order, the Palestinian
issue (16.3), the afghan crisis, the Iraq war, the new role and expansion of NATO.

• Selected global issues;

• Population

• Issues and concerns

• Features

• Reasons for increase in population

• Human rights

• Historical perspective

• Kinds of rights

• Reasons, why human rights have become a matter of international interest and
concern

• Enforcing human rights

• Environment

• Nature and issue

• Various international concerns/issues of environment i.e. global warming,

ozone depletion, acid rain, desertification and deforestation.

• Efforts towards the protection of environment

• Proliferation of weapons (Proliferation of nuclear weapons 15.1) (Nuclear

Proliferation and nuclear security)

• Nature o problem
 • Arms control and disarmament (7.3)

• Reasons for arms control (7.3)

• Obstacles to arms control (7.3)

• Major steps/efforts towards arms control and disarmament (7.3)

• Politics of international resources (food, security (Conceptualization of security in 21st

century – 3.1), minerals etc), environment and ecology, population, human rights, terrorism
(terrorism and counter terrorism), nonproliferation and weapons of mass destruction. (Global
Energy Politics)

(Middle eastern crisis)

• Foreign policy analysis

(FP: Determinants, Decision making and analysis 3.4)

• Importance of foreign policy in IR

• Principles and objectives of foreign policy

• Determinants of foreign policy

• Foreign policy making: internal and external inputs/pressures and limitations in the formulation
of foreign policy

• Foreign policy formulation: approaches to the study of foreign policy formation

• Foreign policy making process

• Leaders, institutions ad process

• Foreign policy, media, public opinion and domestic politics

• Foreign policy; national and transnational actors

• Various strategies for the achievement of the aims and objectives of foreign policy; foreign
policy implementation-opportunities and obstacles.

• Foreign policy formulation and the political systems

• Foreign policy formulation in USA and Chia (13.1)

(Extra: UK Foreign Policy 13.1)

• International and regional organizations

• Origin and development of international organization

• Origin of the league of the nations, structure, nature, functioning, successes & failures,
(9.1,12.1)

• Establishment of the United Nations, principles, objectives and organizational framework,

reforms (8.1, 12.1)

• Issues and problems; membership, voting, domestic jurisdiction and the role of the general
Assembly.

• Veto in the united nations &collective security

• Pacific settlement of disputes, preventive diplomacy (7.1)/peacekeeping operations

• Regional organizations: OAS,OAU,EU,ECO,SAARC,ASEAN, Arab League, NAFTA,

SCO, OIC, WTO (12.1) (Regional Cooperation Organizations(SAARC,ECO,SCO) and the
Role of Pakistan)

• International political economy

• Introduction

• Definition

• Evolution

• Scope

• Theories of IPE

• Relationship between political economy and international politics

• Economic internationalism/liberalism (economic liberalism) (5.1)

• Economic nationalism/mercantilism (5.1)

• Marxism/structuralism/dependency theories (dependence, interdependence

discourse) (5.2)
 • Theory of dual political economy

• Theory of structural change

• Theory of hegemonic sustainability

• Neo-Marxism (5.1)

• Imperialism (5.2)

• Politics of international trade (Doha development round and Bali Package): multilateral
trade system

• Nature

• Evolution

• Role and impact of trade institutions: GATT &WTO

• Politics of international finance: monetary system

• Nature

• Evolution

• Role and impact of financial institutions: Bretton woods system, WB & IMF(8.2-8.3)
(Reforms in WB & IMF 12.2)

• Role of dollar and fate of Bretton woods system

• International investment: Role of multinational corporations

• Nature

• Evolution

• Influence of MNC’s in IR

• Issues of development

• North –south dialogues

• South-south dialogue

• Foreign aid: advantages and disadvantages

• EU,ASEAN,SAARC,OIC
 • Recent developments in IPE

• Economic integration

• Revival of economic nationalism (nationalism) (6.1)

• Neo-imperialism

• Globalization and its impact (globalization) (6.3)

• Environmental impacts

• Emergence and evolution of global phenomena

• Internationalism (6.2)

(Cooperation and competition in Arabia Sea, Indian and Pacific Ocean)

(Millennium development goals, current status)

• International law (complete in 7.2)

• Introduction, definition, nature and scopes of international law

• Origin, structure and sources of international law (2. Article 38 of the Statute of International
Court of Justice, Primary Sources of International Law, Subsidiary Sources of International
Law, International Soft Law), particularly methods of determining the rules of international law
and municipal law and nature of Muslim international law.

• The Emergence of International Law, Early European Authors, The Nation-State System,
The Enforcement of International Law, The Effectiveness of International Law, The
Weakness of International Law, The Juridical Basis of International law, The Future of
International law and Material Sources of International Law.)

• Subjects of international law (3. Personality and Statehood in International Law, The
Subjects of International Law, Recognition of State and Government in International Law,
Recognition of State and Government in National Law.); requisites of statehood, individuals in
relation to I law, recognition of state & government, various kinds of recognition and its
methods.

4. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.

5. Negotiation, Mediation and Good Offices, Inquiry, Settlement by the United

 Nations, Conciliation, Arbitration, The International Court of Justice.

• State succession and consequences; intervention; kinds and grounds for intervention; methods of
acquisition and leasing state territory; law of sea and recent development with respect to states.

• International waterways; high sea and deep sea

• Territorial jurisdiction of states on the high seas, national vessels, foreign vessels in territorial
waters; fisheries in the open and contiguous zone, continental shelf.

• Piracy and hijacking in I law, aerial jurisdiction and jurisdiction over space and outer space;
extraterritorially; rights and immunities of states and state instrumentalities of courts of other
states.

• Law of armed conflict; legal constraints of the use of force (7. The Law before the UN Charter,
The Law after the Charter, The Collective Use of Force, The Right of Self-Defence.);
international humanitarian law (6. International and Non-International Armed Conflicts, Non-
International Armed Conflict, ‘Combatant’ and ‘Protected Persons’, Protection of Wounded,
Sick and Ship-Wrecked Persons, POWs, Civilians, Limitations on the Conduct of War,
Limits on the Choice of Methods and Means of Warfare) and neutrality.

• International Institutions

• State Territorial Sovereignty.

• State Responsibility.

• State Jurisdiction.

• Succession to Rights and Obligations.

• The State and the Individual.

• The State and the Economic Interest.

• Diplomatic Envoys, Counsels and other Representatives.

• War, Armed Conflicts and other Hostilities.

• Neutrality.

• EXTRA – International court of justice (8.4)

• Foreign policy of Pakistan (13.1)

 • Determinants, principles, aims and objectives of FPP.

• Actors in foreign policy making process.

• Pakistan and its neighbors (In alphabetical order).

• Afghanistan

• China

• India (Extra: Indian Foreign Policy 13.1)

• Iran

• Kashmir issue (16.2)

• Pakistan and the Muslim world (including the various organizations)

• Pak-US relations (Extra: Pakistan and US War on Terror)

• Pak-Russia and CARs relations. (Extra: Russian Foreign Policy 13.1)

• Pakistan’s relations with Japan and South East Asia

• Pakistan and the third world

• Pakistan and the western world

• Pakistan’s role and experience in the international and regional organizations

• Pakistan’s nuclear policy (Nuclear Program of Pakistan,its Safety and Security;

International Concerns)

• Latest developments in Pakistan’s foreign policy (Foreign Policy of Pakistan Post 9/11)

• Defense and strategic studies

• Definition, importance, scope and basic assumptions of DSS

• Major thinkers:

• Sun TZU, Karl Von Clausewitz, Henry Jomoni, Alfred T. Mahen, Mackinder, Galio
Douhet, Mao Tse-Tung, Lidell hart, Thomas Schilling, Henry Kissinger

• Evolution and development of modern warfare

 • War as an instrument of national policy

• Nuclear parity/deterrence (deterrence: theory and practice with special reference to

India and Pakistan) (4.3)

• Low intensity conflict

• Mutual assured destruction

• Massive retaliation and flexible response

• Countervailing strategies

• Impact of technology on strategic thinking

• War avoidance and strategy of prevention

• Confidence and security building measures

• Conflict and crisis management

• Nonproliferation and Arms control strategies

• No-kinetic warfare

• Media, Propaganda and cyber warfare

• Psychological warfare

• Asymmetric warfare (War: Causation of war, total war, limited war, Asymmetric warfare, civil
war, guerrilla war) (4.1)

• Contemporary issues and Emerging trends in DSS

(EXTRA: 15.2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

• Nuclear Weapon States- Programs and Postures: Indian-Pakistan Nuclear Doctrines

• Nuclear Non –Proliferation Regime (7.3): International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear
Non- Proliferation Treaty; Nuclear Supplier Group; Partial Test Ban Treaty;
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty

• Challenges of Non-Proliferation, Cooperation for Nuclear Energy

• The Missile Defence Systems and their impact on global strategic environment
 • Militarization and Weaponization of Space

(EXTRA: 4.2)

• Strategic culture: determinants of Pakistani strategic culture

• Area Focused Study of South Asia (14)

• South Asia: An Overview

• Individual states, geography, demography, fundamental features of politics and

economics (Pakistan’s Domestic affairs – Political, economic, social)

• Bilateral relations, regional interactions, role of external actors

(India and Pakistan: Overview of agreements and accords, Indus Water

Treaty; Composite Dialogue; Sir Creek & Siachen border, Visa and People to
peoplecontact; Trade; and Role of civil society 14.2)

(Afghanistan: Cold war theatre; Soviet Invasion and Mujahedeen; Geneva

Accord; Post Cold War situation---Rise of Taliban, AL-Qeada & 9/11; Operation
Enduring Freedom; The Bonn Process-Withdrawal 14.3)

• Political development

• Evolution of political systems in the South Asian countries; a comparative

perspective

• Ethic issues

• The problems of nation-building and ethnic challenges

• Dynamics of conflict

• The issue of Kashmir and continuing tensions between India and Pakistan and
the implications of the nuclearization of the subcontinent will be discussed.
(nuclear politics in South Asia)

• Dynamics of cooperation

• The performance of SAARC and the impact of globalization

(Extra: Peace-making and Peace-Building in South Asia: Analytical overview of peace processes
between/among the states of South Asia especially between India and Pakistan) (13.1)

SOUTH ASIA -PAKISTAN

Ideology of Pakistan-----definition and elucidation, historical aspects:
Muslim rule in
the Sub-Continent, its downfall and efforts for Renaissance.
Movements for
reforms-- Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sayyid Ahmad
Shaheed,
Aligarh, Deoband, Nadwah, and other educational institutions-------
Sindh
Madrassah and Islamia College Peshawar. Ideology of Pakistan in the
light of
Speeches and statements of Allama Iqbal and Quaid- i Azam
Muhammad Ali
Jinnah
Land and people of Pakistan------- Geography, Society, Natural
resources,
Agriculture, Industry and education with reference to characteristics,
trends and
problems.
Pakistan and Changing Regional Apparatus
Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan
Economic Challenges in Pakistan
Non-Traditional Security Threats in Pakistan: Role of Non-State Actors
Pakistan’s Role in the Region
Changing Security Dynamics for Pakistan: Challenges to National
Security of
Pakistan
Political Evolution Since 1971
Evolution of Democratic System in Pakistan
Ethnic Issues and National Integration
Hydro Politics ; Water Issues in Domestic and Regional Context
Pakistan’s National Interest
Challenges to Sovereignty
Pakistan’s Energy Problems and their Effects
The war in Afghanistan since 1979 and its impact on,and challenges to
Pakistan in the Post 2014 era.
Proxy Wars: Role of External Elements
Economic Conditions of Pakistan, the Most Recent Economic Survey, the
Previous and Current Budgets, and the Problems and Performance of
Major Sectors of Economy.

The Recent Constitutional and Legal Debates, the Latest Constitutional

Amendments and Important Legislations, Legal Cases and the Role of
Higher Courts.

The Prevailing Social Problems of Pakistan and the Strategies to Deal with
Them, Poverty, Education, Health and Sanitation.