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governing DE around.
§13.5 presents the element equation from a variational perspective.
Note:
We include in our 2-D analysis convection off of any of the edges
(boundaries) as well as over the top and bottom surfaces.
The top and bottom surface convection creates an additional
stiffness matrix. Similar to how convection off of the perimeter of
the 1-D element created a new stiffness matrix.
Your textbook neglects convection off of the top and bottom
surface. Rather the stiffness matrix is just used to get the edge
(boundary) convection terms.
When we evaluate the convective stiffness we will see why the
book neglects this topic.
S ≡ surface area.
Ay ≡ cross sectional area of y face.
qh (off bottom surface)
MECH 420: Finite Element Applications
Lecture 24: 2-D – Heat Transfer with Convection
Once again we use the energy balance as the means to derive the
governing differential equation…
Again for a steady state problem the time differentials are zero:
∂ ⎛ ∂T ⎞ ∂ ⎛ ∂T ⎞ 2h
⎜ K xx ⎟ + ⎜ K yy ⎟+Q = (T − T∞ )
∂x ⎝ ∂x ⎠ ∂y ⎝ ∂y ⎠ b
convective load on the system.
∂T ∂T
q y = − K yy and qx = − K xx
∂y ∂x
Lettering scheme Tˆ ( x, y ) = a0 + a1 x + a2 y
⎧ Ti ⎫
⎪ ⎪
Tˆ = ⎡⎣ N i Nj N m ⎤⎦ ⎨ T j ⎬
⎪ ⎪
⎩Tm ⎭
⎢⎣ S ( e ) ∂x ∂x S(e)
∂y ∂y ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ b S ( e ) ⎥⎦
2h T G G
∫( e ) N Q ⋅ dS + b ∫( e ) N T∞ ⋅ dS − v∫( e ) N ( q ⋅ n ) ⋅ dP
T T
S S P
N = ⎡⎣ N i Nj N m ⎤⎦
∂N i β i ∂N i γ i
= and =
∂x 2 S ∂y 2 S
⎡ βi γi ⎤
1 ⎢ ⎥ ⎡ K xx 0 ⎤ ⎡ βi βj βm ⎤
[ K ]C = ⎢ βj γj ⎥⎢
0 K yy ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ γ i γj γ m ⎥⎦
4S
⎢⎣ β m γ m ⎥⎦ ⎣
⎡1⎤
1 ⎢1⎥
∫( e ) ⋅ =
T
N Q dS QS ⎢⎥
3
S
⎢⎣1⎥⎦
⎡1⎤
2h 2hT∞ S ⎢ ⎥
∫ ⋅ =
T
N T∞ dS ⎢ 1⎥
b S(e) 3b
⎢⎣1⎥⎦
P( e ) P( e )
j m i
− v∫ N T qn ⋅ dP = − ∫ N T qnij dP − ∫ N T qn jm dP − ∫ N T qnmi dP
P( e ) i j m
At this point we assume that these boundary heat fluxes are conductive.
This is consistent with an element that is inside an assembly. As in 1-D
heat flow we will assume that the heat flux across the face is constant.
So, over any edge of the element there is a constant heat flux (a
boundary ‘load’) that must be expressed as an equivalent nodal
load vector:
j m i
− v∫ N qn ⋅ dP = − ∫ N qnij dP − ∫ N qn jm dP − ∫ N T qnmi dP
T T T
P( e ) i j m
⎡ 2h ⎤
⎢ ∫ N N ⋅ dS ⎥ T
T
⎢⎣ b S ( e ) ⎥⎦
[ K ]H
⎡ 2h +1 +1 T ⎤
K H = ⎢ ∫ ∫ N N J ⋅ dsdt ⎥
⎣ b −1 −1 ⎦
⎧1.0 ( N T N J ) + 1.0 ( N T N J ) ⎫
2h ⎪ s1 ,t1 s2 ,t1 ⎪
= ⎨ ⎬
b ⎪+1.0 ( N N J ) + 1.0 ( N N J ) ⎪
T T
⎩ s2 ,t2 s1 ,t2 ⎭
where:
s1 = − s2 = −0.57735
t1 = −t2 = −0.57735