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Abstract—In this paper we will see how wireless networking very essential to maintain a great health. Health can also get
technologies like 5G and other emerging technologies like Big Data, spoilt due to them inculcating bad habits like smoking,
IoT, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Cloud computing and consuming alcohol and can also go up to the addiction of drugs.
others will play a major role in health care and health monitoring
All these harmful habits have humungous impact on their
system world-wide. These technologies will also help people to
maintain healthy lifestyle and also in curing chronic diseases like health. Few reasons why there is drawback in the current
diabetes. 5G offer availability of high-throughput low-latency healthcare system:
wireless connectivity. Big Data, on the other hand, will be used to [1] The current healthcare systems are not convenient for
collect, analyse and process large amount of data that will be patients as they are not patient centric.
generated and received from sensors and other such devices. It is said [2] The current healthcare systems are not personalised
that these technologies will transform the global health care system according to the individual patient. So it may seem difficult to
in near future. We will highlight the existing deficiencies in the them in long-term health monitoring.
current healthcare system and then put light on how the new
emerging technologies are going to create revolutionary effects on the [3] The current healthcare systems are not accessible because
healthcare system in the future. We will also highlight the major the patients won’t be able to access them as they are utilized by
drawbacks, open technical research challenges, the potential pitfalls, a certain group of people only based on few factors like their
the security aspects, which may hinder the development of such a social status, economic status and their residential area.
technology-oriented healthcare system. [4] The current healthcare systems are not data driven because
most of the data are maintained for short-term only.
Keywords—Health care, 5G, Big Data, Diabetes, predictive It does not mean that the healthcare should function precisely
method, deep learning, internet of things, machine learning, e-health, like other industries. All industries are different from each other.
IoT, capsule endoscopy.
But we mean to say that just like any other industries, ranging
I. INTRODUCTION (HEADING 1) from banking, automobile industry, construction, retail store,
flight safety, public utilities and personal services and few
As we all know, Good health has a great impact on human life others have developed best practices in terms of quality
and also his social well-being. This includes his personal assurance, accountability, and others which should also be
happiness, contentment, constructive nature, productivity in incorporated by health care industries also. [1]
work and also his economic growth. In order to perform better
every day, health is the most important factor in his life. As the
quote goes, “HEALTH is WEALTH”. It indeed is. For a human
to increase his productivity, it is necessary for him to take good
care of his health. In the words of the Nobel Laureate Amartya
Sen, “Health is critically significant constituent of human
capabilities which have reason to value”. It means that if there
is something that every human being must value and treasure,
it’s his health itself. Even though it has been shown that
investment in healthcare pays huge dividends. But despite the
core role of human health in human development, today’s
healthcare systems are largely dysfunctional and are in need of
a major upgrade. The reasons for younger generations for not
Figure.1 Generations of wireless network
maintaining a healthy lifestyle can be due to craze like junk
foods and the electronic gadgets with current technologies
making them lazy. It also results in lack of exercise which is
LIST OF TECHNOLOGIES and gives the services that requires little amount of data and long
battery life. For the IoT system to be provided, it must have
5G: either 5G network or devices connectivity along with power.
Data requirement and frequency spectrum should be available
The 5G (from “5th Generation”) is the latest Generation of for it. Hence IoMT cannot exist without 5G connectivity. Here,
cellular mobile communications. It succeeds the 4G, 3G and 2G 5G is needed to provide high availability and low latency.
systems. To user, it may appear that driving force behind 5G is
the speed, but it’s the data carrying capacity which has
increased. It is said to carry 40 times more data when compared
to 4G. Now-a-days most challenging problems is to focus on the
latency which means how much time a service takes or how
much time it responds to request. The new 5G communication
system is said to offer great speed, enormous capacity, IoT
capability, low latency and much more features. 5G that has the II. ROLE OF 5G ALONG WITH IOMT IN HEALTHCARE
capability of increased computing and connectivity will provide
much more help to what is called as Internet of Things (IoT). It
is in its early development stages and a number of universities As mentioned earlier, 5G is very much essential for IoMT to
have been set up 5G research units which are focusing on the work. The patient is supposed to have a valid identity during the
development of 5G technologies. The researchers have decided registration process. The most essential element in the
to commercialize the 5G networks up to 2020. development of IoT is the evolution in mobile technology. The
IoMT requires fast connectivity that is provided by 5G, which
is required for imaging, diagnosis and treatment. The devices
Big Data: used here maybe a wearable device with sensors attached to it
that grab the information of the patient. These sensors transmit
Big Data plays a very important role in health care and other the medical data which helps in diagnosis process and treatment
fields which deal with large amount of data. Accurate diagnosis of the patient. It also provides video that is of high resolution.
of disease is a challenging task in medicinal field and is often All these things are possible with the help of 5G network. [5]
delayed due to many factors complicating disease diagnosis. All the important data of the patient has to private one and
Significant life savings can be achieved if a precise diagnosis also secure and can be accessed by multiple doctors for proper
can be made. Hence, evolution of the big data is defined using diagnosis and better treatment. It also helps in the process of
the 'three V's', i.e., velocity, volume and variety. Here decision making. All the data gets transferred electronically to
particularly, volume is the key attribute of big data as some of improve cost efficiency. There are few applications where the
organizations produce terabyte of data from devices and users. data must be having low latency along with high reliability and
Big data will thus help to analyse and process the data that are availability. All these parameters area taken by 5G in medical
collected by the sensors and various devices involved in health healthcare system. The patients then will get the results
monitoring. Here, data mining and data warehousing also regarding their health on their own smart phone. 5G helps in
becomes the role of big data. Hence collecting the individual connecting many different mobile and medical devices together.
[6]
medical data sets using big data algorithms provide the patients,
physicians and other medical professionals to classify value and Hence, 5G forms the backbone of the IoMT, and it is said that
identify diseases. [2] Electronic health data sets are very large IoMT cannot exist without 5G network.
and complex and they are also difficult (or we can say,
impossible) to manage by using traditional hardware or/and
software. Also the methodology used for technology has made
medical devices found in hospitals to replace thousands of wires
which are connected to these devices. This technology also
provides the reliability in addition to enhanced mobility in the
system. Inaccurate and delayed clinical decisions can lead to
catastrophic results. Even the most technologically advanced
hospitals in many countries have no such automated systems
that predict a disease through processing enormous amount of
clinical data. A quality service implies diagnosing the disease
correctly and treating them effectively. The advances in
networking field by using the wireless sensor have opened up
new opportunities in healthcare systems. [3]
The outcome of this will be better and improved patient care
which will result in less cost and time. [4]
IoMT:
Internet of things (IoT) deals with the electronic devices like cell
phones, smart wearable devices and sensors are connected to
each other and to communicate with each other by the means of
exchanging messages which are required for the necessary
services. The IoMT needs great speed and reliable connection Figure.2 IoMT system in Healthcare
But it’s better to consider both the Diagnosis and Prognosis
III. TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH CARE for better results.
This section we shall discuss more about how the 5G, Big Generally a large amount of data is generated from a single
Data and other related algorithms play important role in treating patient record and if we are able to manage and analyse such
chronic diseases like Diabetes. huge amount of data, we are able to solve problems dealing
with identifying the pattern which will help in diagnosis and
Different fields in Big Data and Machine Learning is used in
the diagnosis and in the treatment of the diseases. prognosis of cancer. With the help of Hadoop and Genetic
algorithm, we can analyse the data of cancer patient.
Let us understand the use of new technologies in curing Genetic Algorithms are the type of heuristic search algorithm
chronic diseases like Diabetes. which is based on the idea of natural selection and genetics.
The data cannot be random but it must be a historical data for
Diabetes is one among the most common chronic diseases. the genetic algorithm to be successful.
Around 8.5 percent of the world population suffers from it and The basic techniques of this algorithm are designed to simulate
around 422 million people struggle with it. Almost 90% of the
the processes in natural systems which is necessary for
cases are due to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes can be caused
evolution to occur. The principles were laid down by Charles
due to unhealthy lifestyle or improper diet. Also stress from
work or society and also the emotional status of the person can Darwin called the "survival of the fittest". [8]
add up to the disease.
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS OF GENETIC ALGORITHM
It is based on Natural Selection. Once after initial population is
generated randomly, the GA evolves the through three
1. DIABETES BIG DATA ANALYSIS USING DEEP processes:
LEARNING: 1. Selection that deals with the survival of the fittest
Deep Learning is used to get accurate prediction and in 2. Crossover that represents the mating between individuals
modelling a complex behaviour. 3. Mutation that introduces few changes and some random
modifications.
A deep learning platform is developed for the purpose of
biomedical analysis and its applicability is demonstrated by Hence we use GA along with Hadoop to deal with large amount
making use of a diabetes dataset. Various parameters can of data that is generated.
be set by the user manually on UI like number of neurons,
number of layers, activation function, cost function,
iterations, etc. These parameters are chosen based on the
specific task.
This is a comfortable and user-friendly deep-learning
platform developed for a clinical biomedical analysis. A
person with little knowledge or minimal expertise in Data
Science can build their own model, train the system with
dataset, update the model and also deploy the same. [7]
It achieved acceptable results when tested with diabetes
dataset.
Type 3-
Advantages of Diabetes 2.0: Coming to cognitive radio, in this network, the users are
classified into primary user and secondary user.
• It is a wearable device that monitors the blood glucose
level without the intervention of the doctor. The network is said to operate in two modes:
In this mode, secondary users can transmit simultaneously with Usually physicians employ Gastrointestinal (GI)
primary users. But, the transmission power of secondary users Endoscopy to examine the inner linings of the digestive
is limited in such a way that the interference in primary users is tract. An endoscope consists of a flexible fibre optic tube
kept below a given threshold. with a video camera attached at the end, which is inserted
into the tract and images of affected areas are retrieved by
2. Spectrum Underlay the problems such as ulcers, abnormal growths in the
intestine, and gastrointestinal bleeding. As small intestine
gives rise to many serious health conditions, this organ is a
frequent imaging target during the diagnosis process.
In this mode, the secondary users can actually use white spaces
Considering an example, Crohn’s disease that causes
in the spectrum allocated to a primary network using dynamic
inflammation of the lower part of the small intestine. It can
spectrum access opportunistically.
lead to severe intestinal blockage. So to prevent this disease
from progressing, early imaging of the small intestine is
required.
Two types of endoscopy used to image the small intestine
are: push enteroscopy (PE) and colonoscopy. The upper
parts of the small intestine, namely the duodenum and
jejunum, are examined by PE, with the endoscope being
inserted through the mouth. While the lower part of the
small intestine, namely the ileum, is often seen during
colonoscopy, after the instrument passes through the
rectum and the colon. The terminology capsule endoscopy
(CE) is used that refers to the use of the mouth-to-anus
(M2A) capsule to image and diagnose conditions associated
with the GI tract. This M2A capsule is 26-mm long, 11-mm
wide, and weighs under 4 g. The capsule is made of a
specially sealed biocompatible material which is resistant
to stomach acid and powerful digestive enzymes. It is about
the size of a large vitamin. This capsule contains a colour
video camera with a viewing angle of 140◦, a wireless
Figure 7. Dynamic spectrum access in underlay cognitive
radio network radiofrequency transmitter, four LED lights, and enough
battery power to take 57,000 colour images at a rate of 2
frames/s during an 8 h journey through the digestive tract.
As the capsule travels through the GI tract, it transmits
video signals using ultrahigh frequency band telemetry to
eight sensors that are attached to frontal part of the patient’s
Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WSBN):
body. [14]
Data Privacy: Data privacy deals with the confidentiality and D. Hacking:
privacy of stored data. The users will be giving more importance
to mobile networks as compared with traditional internet based Since 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), the telecommunication
services as the advancement in 5G mobile networks is rapid and networks are converted to an IP-based open architecture. But,
concrete. 5G mobile networks are expected to have high data recent telecommunication networks which includes 5G
speed and also low latency, which will eventually result in huge networks are now vulnerable to the full range of IP and web-
volume of data. based attacks that includes even hacking. Moreover, high
dependency of cloud technologies in 5G networks can further
Location Privacy: With the introduction of 5G technology,
increase the vulnerability to hacking attacks which will [8] Venkat Reddy Korupally, Subba Rao Pinnamaneni “Big data analytics for
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer using Genetic Algorithm”,
eventually cause serious privacy concerns to the users. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies,
Vol. 7 (3) , 2016, 1251-1253
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