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INTRODUCTION
Transportation plays an important role in human life. Think there are no transportation
then what will happen. Human life will be halted and stacked in a place. If we look back the
civilization and the rapid development of civilization all it started rapidly after the invention of
wheel. Wheels are the first step of making transportation easy and the door steps to the
mechanized transportation.
Transportation makes human life easy in many fields like transportation brings the
opportunity to know the world and around the world. It saves time and makes human life faster
moving. If no transportation how people can go to the job in far place from home. Transportation
developed the economy by making business faster with making it worldwide. It is facilitating
There is no advancement or development that does not have any disadvantages. Similarly
the development of transportation was no disadvantage until it adopts the technology and
became mechanized. Modern vehicles have been brought a lot of advantages but it cannot avoid
the air pollution, sound pollution and the garbage of the vehicles are bringing the vulnerability
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Transportation is important because it facilitates trade, exchange and travel. Without
effective transportation, regions are largely isolated from each other. Effective, affordable
The beginning of the 21st century made the world stop and think about the major
problems and concerns of the modern society with the environmental pollution being one of the
most acute ones. Being one of the most burning issues of the present-day world, ecologic disaster
troubles a lot of ordinary people and famous scientists, who are trying to invent products less
harmful to the nature. Air pollution and greenhouse effect became a concern for many countries,
who are now trying to find ways out in order to improve the situation. Though air is being polluted
with great variety of harmful substances, the pollution of it with exhaust fumes coming from
automobiles contributes a lot to the creation of greenhouse effect. For this reason many
researches have been conducted to find out ways to prevent the air from being polluted even
more.
There is no secret that automobiles are major contributors to the air pollution. Every day
millions of cars all over the world serve millions of people, who later suffer incurable diseases
resulted from polluted environment they live in. Having realized the problem, scientist offered
an alternative to an automobile working without the help of fuel. They created a car, which could
work by means of electricity. To be exact, such cars already existed in the early 1900s; however,
they were replaced by gasoline powered vehicles, which stay very popular nowadays. With the
increasing prices for gasoline and harm that is done to environment by the usage of gasoline
powered vehicles major automobile makers started to think about producing electric vehicles.
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An electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, is a vehicle which uses
one or more electric motors for propulsion. Depending on the type of vehicle, motion may be
provided by wheels or propellers driven by rotary motors, or in the case of tracked vehicles, by
linear motors. Electric vehicles can include electric cars, electric trains, electric trucks, electric
Lorries, electric airplanes, electric boats, electric motorcycles and scooters, and electric
spacecraft.
On the other hand, to be practical for transportation, we need carriers that are energy-
dense, inexpensive and easy to handle. These are called Alternative Fuel Vehicle. Alternative Fuel
Vehicle refers to a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than traditional gasoline or diesel; any method
of powering an engine that does not involve petroleum. These requires a wide range of
maintenance, from frequent oil changes, filter replacements, periodic tune ups, and exhaust
system repairs, to the less frequent component replacement, such as the water pump, fuel pump,
alternator, etc.
In the Philippines, commuting is very much a part of the Filipino lifestyle but unlike in
other countries, walking is hardly a part of it. A typical Filipino commuter does not expect to
tolerate the heat of the sun or to drench in a heavy pour of rain that is why all sorts of PUV’s
(public utility vehicles) are just around the block. There are buses traveling the big roads in the
metro, speeding jeepneys, and passing cabs along the avenues, and motorized tricycles just at
Philippines, except on busy major highways and very busy city streets. The tricycle is the most
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popular means of transport in small towns and cities, especially in the rural areas (Boracay Budget
Travel, 2012). Most motorized tricycles in the Philippines are used to service as a kind of taxi.
These can be seen in many different forms and length and its engines range from 50cc up to
about 125cc. These are motorcycles with a sidecar (passenger-cabin) attached on the third wheel
and are often utilized on roads where jeepneys or buses are not supposed to operate.
The Department of Transportation and Communications reported that more than 60% of
passengers use public utility vehicles as opposed to private vehicles. 'Land-based vehicles for
public use include jeepneys, buses, trains, mini-buses, and tricycles. Tricycles, in particular, have
been occupying a larger role in the public commuter's life. In a study conducted by the Asian
Development Bank on the transport industry in Quezon City and Palawan with particular focus
on the tricycle sub-sector (1999), it was found that jeepneys and buses dominate the primary
roads of Quezon City; on the other hand, tricycles ply within the inner areas and communities.
Most of the time, tricycles provide supplementary services by transporting the commuting public
from tertiary roads to the primary roads, and vice versa, where four-wheeled vehicles operate.
Furthermore, many commuters were found to have preferred the use of tricycles for the
following reasons, such as (i) high accessibility; (ii) availability; (iii) affordability; (iv) no waiting
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Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to determine commuter patronization of E-Tricycle and Fuelled
1. Which of the two types of tricycle (E-Tricycle and Fuelled Tricycle) meets the expectation
of the commuters?
2. Which of the two types of tricycle (E-Tricycle and Fuelled Tricycle) is preferred by the
commuters?
The coverage of this research is focusing on determining which of the two types (E-
tricycle and fuelled tricycle) meets the expectation of the commuters and which of the two is
preferred by the commuters. The data that will be gathered is focused mainly on the
This study will be helpful to the students, employees and other commuters. This will
help them recognize the characteristics of E-Tricycle and Fuelled Tricycle. It will also serve as
The Department of Energy’s E-Trike Project aims to (1) deploy 100,000 e-trikes
nationwide to replace the same number of traditional gasoline-fed tricycles; (2) reduce the
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transport sector’s annual petroleum consumption by 2.8% (equivalent to 89.2 million liters) per
year; and (3) achieve 79% carbon dioxide (CO2) footprint avoidance.
The US$504-million project is being implemented for five years. Largely financed by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB) and the Clean Technology Fund (CTF), the project seeks to help ensure
energy security through the promotion of energy efficient and clean technologies.
Specifically in the Philippines, it started with the deployment of the first electric jeepneys
and tricycles about 5 years ago. Today, electric vehicles are the rage in the Philippines with public
transport being the main application of the e-vehicles. Makati already has 3 operational e-
jeepney routes including the first e-vehicles to be registered and the first franchise for public
transport. E-trikes have been operating in Bonifacio Global City in Taguig as well as in limited
numbers in Puerto Princesa, Surigao and Boracay. During the 2nd Electric Vehicle Summit held
last May 24-25, 2012 at the Meralco grounds, models of various electric vehicles for private and
public transport use were on display for people to inspect and appreciate. These included cars,
motorcycles, tricycles, jeepneys and a bus. Special mention goes to the Segway booth and its
clone, which featured more personalized modes that are not really in the same category as most
Currently, there are 28 firms engaged in the manufacturing of various electric vehicles.
Complementing these companies are 11 parts and component manufacturers and seven
government continues to support the use of electric vehicles, the industry is expected to grow
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With sustainable development as one its main thrusts, the Philippine government has
been promoting the use of electric vehicles across the country, including as a form of public
transportation. Executive Order 488 (s. 2006) was issued to support the manufacturing of e-
vehicles, as well as to further reduce the country’s fossil fuel consumption. This issuance
reduced the tariff rate for e-vehicle components to zero, thereby allowing e-vehicle
In Metro Manila, major cities have started to make use of e-vehicles to transport local
residents and transient workers. Electric jeeps and electric tricycles are also getting more and
more common in the country’s major business districts and urban areas. The establishment
of “green cities” is also expected to generate higher demand for e-vehicles for public
transportation.
The steady increase in the number of tourist arrivals in the Philippines has led to an
increased demand for environmentally sound transport services. Resorts and local
government units have started to invest in e-vehicles, such as electric tricycles and electric
jeeps, to reduce carbon emission, to preserve the natural beauty of the environment, and to
provide transportation to the growing number of tourists. This trend is now gaining
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Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined operationally to give their natural meaning in this study.
Electronic vehicle. It is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using
electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device. They are also
Fuelled vehicle. It is a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (petrol or
Diesel fuel) and also refers to any technology of powering an engine that does not involve solely
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CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study makes use of the descriptive survey method approach. This method is
considered appropriate because to get the most accurate data, the respondents needs to be as
Research Instrument
A self-structured survey questionnaire will be used to gather data needed in this study.
Part 1 will collect personal data and information of the respondents. Part 2 is intended to gather
6. Which of the two types of vehicles (E-Tricycle and Fuelled Vehicle) is preferred by the
commuters?
The questionnaire is constructed with the help and suggestions of advisers and experts in
questionnaire construction. The revision and improvement will be made according to the result
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of the analysis and suggestions of these experts. The final form of the questionnaire will be
Research Locale
Research Respondents
The research respondents of the study will include 50 people including students,
After the necessary permission is secured from the respective commuters in the locale,
where the study will be conducted, the researcher will personally administer the
questionnaires and conduct interviews to the respondents. After the respondents answer
immediately.
Method of Scoring
After the survey, the data will be gathered and is now ready to be analysed.
Analysis of the data for this research were carried out using descriptive statistical
analysis.
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Survey Questions E-Tricycle Fuelled Tricycle Undecided
more comfortable?
approachable or accommodating?
prefer?
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CHAPTER III
Based from the findings on the survey, the researchers come up with the following analysis and
interpretation.
5, 10%
E-tricycle
13, 26%
Fuelled Tricycle
Undecided
32, 64%
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In Item 1 of the survey questionnaire, 32 out of 50 respondents chose E-tricycle as more
4, 8%
19, 39%
E-Tricycle
Fuelled Tricycle
Undecided
26, 53%
one who runs smoothly, 19 respondents chose E-tricycle and 4 respondents were undecided.
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3, 6%
15, 29%
E-Tricycle
Fuelled Tricycle
Undecided
33, 65%
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4, 8%
E-Tricycle
Fuelled Tricycle
19, 38% 27, 54%
Undecided
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7, 14%
20, 40%
E-Tricycle
Fuelled Tricycle
Undecided
23, 46%
undecided.
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0%
15, 30%
E-Tricycle
Fuelled Tricycle
Undecided
35, 70%
Fig. 6 Which of the two types of vehicle (E-Tricycle and Fuelled Tricycle) do you prefer?
their preferred vehicle, 15 respondents chose E-tricycle and 0 respondents were undecided.
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CHAPTER IV
Summary
This research studied the Commuter’s Patronization of E-tricycle and Fuelled tricycle at
Downtown area.
Based from the data gathered from the 50 respondents which includes students,
respondents chose Fuelled tricycle and 5 respondents were undecided. This implies that, 64% of
the commuters think that E-Tricycle is more eco-friendly than Fuelled tricycle. On the other hand,
26 out of 50 respondents chose Fuelled tricycle as one who runs smoothly, 19 respondents chose
E-tricycle and 4 respondents were undecided. This implies that, 53% of the commuters think that
Fuelled tricycle runs smoothly than E-Tricycle. Then, 33 out of 50 respondents chose Fuelled
undecided. This implies that, 65% of the commuters thinks that Fuelled Tricycle is more
ventilated, 19 respondents chose Fuelled tricycle and 4 respondents were undecided. This
implies that, 54% of the commuters thinks that E-tricycle is more ventilated than Fuelled tricycle/
implies that, 46% of the commuters thinks that Fuelled tricycle is more approachable or
accommodating than E-tricycle. Lastly, 35 out of 50 respondents chose Fuelled tricycle as their
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preferred vehicle, 15 respondents chose E-tricycle and 0 respondents were undecided. This
implies that, 70% of the respondents prefer Fuelled Tricycle than E-Tricycle.
Conclusion
This section of the research paper simply answer the objectives of the study. The
conclusion enumerates the findings and categorizes regarding to what objective of the study is
justifiable. After this study was conducted the objective was obtained. The core of these objective
is to determine which of the two types of vehicle (E-Tricycle and Fuelled Tricycle) meets the
The researcher was able to arrive at these conclusions based on the findings of the study.
1. Based from the data gathered from the study, commuters think that E-Tricycle is more
2. On the other hand, fuelled tricycle run smoothly, more comfortable and
Recommendation
1. The result of the study suggest that the government should aim to have a nation where the
use of electric vehicles and fuelled vehicles are highly promoted, encouraged and supported
by its government and society in order to develop a transportation landscape that is one with
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2. Local government should be sensitive to the environment and the growing population in the
City, a combination of the two vehicle concept should be the next move.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTERNET REFERENCES:
https://www.reference.com/world-view/importance-transportation-899f57cba0b1de67#
http://samples.professay.com/research-paper-on-electric-vehicles/
https://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-consumer-survey
http://industry.gov.ph/industry/e-vehicles/
https://d0ctrine.com/2012/05/30/electric-vehicle-revolution-in-the-philippines/
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APPENDICES
Direction: Please fill the blanks provided for each item or check the appropriate information.
Socio-Economic Status:
3000php-5000php
6000php-10000php
11000php and up
Others
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Based on your experience which of them is more
comfortable
Which is more ventilated
Which of the two tricycle is more approachable or
accommodating
Which of the two types of vehicle (E-Tricycle and Fuelled
Vehicle) do you prefer?
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THE COMMUNICATION LETTER
College of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department
Ma’am/Sir:
Greetings!
The following undersigned students of Eastern Visayas State University, Tacloban City
taking up Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering is conducting a research study on
“Commuter Patronization of E-Tricycle and Fuelled Tricycle at Downtown Area Tacloban City” as
a partial requirement for the subject IE 343 (Industrial Psychology).
In view of this, we would like to ask permission to conduct a survey to you for being a
commuter of E-Tricycle and Fuelled Tricycle at Downtown Area, Tacloban City in line with this
study. If the request is granted, all the data result of the survey will be treated with utmost
confidentiality and will be solely used for our study.
Hoping for your kind consideration and approval. Thank You and god bless!
Respectfully yours,
BSIE-3A
Noted by:
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ENGR. ZAIRA MARIE P. VERUNQUE
Instructor, IE 343 (Industrial Psychology)
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