Information Technology

6. BASIC DATABASE CONCEPTS

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 Information Technology
6. BASIC DATABASE CONCEPTS

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

1. Any collection of related information grouped together as a single item is a database.
2. Data are collection of facts, unorganized but able to be organized into useful information.
3. Organized collection of related data is called Database.
4. Table is a collection of data organized into rows and columns.
5. Field is a single unit of information in a table.
6. Fields contains the actual data that describe the items maintained in a table.
7. Database is an application Where data is stored so that it can be retrieved by the user.
8. Database is used to collect, manipulate, filter and report on various kinds of data.
9. A form is a graphical representation of a table.
10. A form is a database object used to display a record on the screen for adding or editing.
11. Query is a request presented by the user to the database and the database displays its response.
12. To get specific information from a table Query is used.
13. Query is a request for information from one of more database tables.
14. A Query is used to search a database for a specific record.
15. A foreign key is a field that contains a value matching another table’s Primary Key.
16. Rows in a database table are called Records.
17. Record is a collection of fields.
18. Access is a Relational database.
19. A column in a datasheet or database table is called field.
20. Relational database management system supports multiuser.
21. RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
22. SQL is used to create, maintain and query a relational database and uses regular English words for its
commands.
23. RDBMS use SQL as database query language.
24. SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
25. SQL produces better security to the database compared to MS-Access.
26. DML stands for Data Manipulation Language.
27. DDL stands for Data Definition Language.
28. DCL stands for Data Control Language.
29. Whenever you want to obtain data from a table in your database, you need to use Select statement.
30. The DML is used for retrieval, insertion, deletion and modification of data.
31. SQL is a language that provides an interface to RDBMS.
32. SQL is a non-procedural language.
33. Commit saves database transactions.
34. Rollback undoes database transactions.
35. The Insert DML command is used to add new records.
36. The Update DML command is used to make. changes in the records.
37. The Delete DML command is used to delete one or more records.
Q2. State whether the following statements are true or false:
1. Any Collection of related information grouped together as a single item is database. True
2. Each column of table is related to other because they all contain same type of information. False
3. Access is one of the good application program for spreadsheet. False
4. Access is created for single user computer system. True
5. MS-Access is Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). True
6. In Access, properties of fields are set in the design view. True
7. MS-Access has limitation to store the number of fields. True
8. Rows in a database table are called fields. False

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 Information Technology
6. BASIC DATABASE CONCEPTS

9. Yes/No indicates True or False. True

10. A database does not allow data validation. True
11. Access automatically assigns a unique integer to the record when the datatype is number. False
12. Primary key is used to identify each table uniquely. False
13. Primary Key is compulsory in MS-Access. False
14. MS-ACCESS can support as developer tool. False
15. In database application, sorting is possible. True
16. Primary key allows redundant value. False
17. SQL stands for Stored Query Language. False
18. SQL is multiuser computer system. True
19. In SQL high level of security is provided. True
20. SQL provides a high level of security than MS-Access. True
21. SQL is designed for single user system. False
22. SQL used to create a view for multi-user system so that many users can see the output. True
23. In MS-ACCESS processing speed 15 high as Compare to SQL. False
24. DDL consist of set of commands to manipulate values, which are present in the table. False
25. SQL is a language that provides an interface to RDBMS. True
26. SQL is a procedural language. False
27. Rollback saves database transactions. False
28. Rollback undoes database transaction. True
29. The insert DML command is used to add new records. True
30. The insert DML command is used to add new records. False
31. The Create DML command is used to delete one or more records. False
Q3. Multiple Choice Questions (Single Correct answers)
1. __________are collection of facts, unorganized but able to be organized into useful information.
a) data b) information c) fields d) records
2. The processed data is called _______.
a) Data b) information c) fields d) records
3. Any collection of related information grouped together as a single item is a __________.
a) record b) field c) database d) table
4. ____________ is a collection of fields.
a) record b) column c) database d) table
5. MS-Access is ___________ DBMS.
a) relational b) hierarchical c) network d) none of these
6. Primary Key has importance of ______________.
a) Uniqueness b) deletion c) first preference d) none of these
7. Primary Keys are __________.
a) not necessary b) always used
c) only used in special circumstances d) none of the above
8. Primary Keys are _____________.
a) always set by Access b) never auto numbers
c) unique identifiers for each record d) none of the above
9. Normalizing a database will ___________.
a) help to prevent redundant data b) have no effect on the accuracy of the database
c) run queries automatically d) none of the above

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 Information Technology
6. BASIC DATABASE CONCEPTS

10. Primary Key fields _______________.

a) are assigned to only one field per table.
b) are not important in the creation of relationship between the tables.
c) Is more rigid than a relationship
d) are sometimes compound keys.
11. Tables are _______________.
a) always stored in the same database as their forms, reports and queries.
b) sometimes stored in a separate database
c) always available in a separate database
d) none of the above
12. In order to relate to tables and extract information from it, they can be linked using _________.
a) form b) report c) primary key d) secret key
13. To display records depending on condition, __________ is used.
a) forms b) query c) report d) macros
14. __________ is used to accept unique values and avoid null values.
a) unique key b) primary key c) foreign key d) composite key.
15. A row in relational database table is called _____________.
a) tuple b) record c) entity d) both a & b
16. SQL is _________________.
a) Simple Query Language b) Structured Query Language
c) Structured Quest Language d) Select Query Language
17. _____________ is generally used for multi-user computer systems.
a) SQL b) ACCESS c) ASP d) QBE
18. SQL statement are _____________.
a) used to query unrelated tables b) never used in Access
c) used to query only related tables d) none of the above
19. __________ is the popular query language for relational database management system.
a) MS-Access b) excel c) SQL d) visual Basic
20. __________ language enable to create and operate on relational database.
a) SQL b) VB c) ASP d) JavaScript
21. DDL stands for __________________.
a) Data Development Language b) Data Driven Language
c) Driven Definition Language d) Data Definition Language
22. DML stands for ____________.
a) Data Modification Language b) Definition Modification Language
c) Dynamic Manipulation Language d) Data Manipulation Language
23. Correct SQL statement is ______________.
a) It is the slowest database b) It cannot support as a developer tool
c) SQL is used with single-user computer system d) It provides security for the created tables structure
24. ____________ is a language that provides an interface to RDBMS.
a) DML b) FoxPro c) SQL d) DCL
25. ____________ is a non-procedural language
a) DML b) FoxPro c) SQL d) DCL
26. _________ saves database transactions.
a) Rollback b) Commit c) Delete d) Update
27. __________ undoes database transactions.
a) Rollback b) Commit c) Delete d) Update
28. The _________ DML command is used to add new records.
a) Insert b) Update c) Delete d) Create

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6. BASIC DATABASE CONCEPTS

29. The ____________ DML command is used to make changes in the records
a) Insert b) Update c) Delete d) Create

30. The ___________ DML command is used to delete one or more records.
a) Insert b) Update c) Delete d) Create
Q4. Multiple Choice Questions (Two Correct Answers)
1. ____________ are the parts of database.
a) Field b) dates c) record d) private Key e) Table
2. ____________ are used to create database.
a) MS-Access b) excel c) ASP d) SQL e) word
3. ____________ are database objects.
a) open b) design c) forms d) table e) close
4. In Access, _____________ following are the attributes of fields.
a) color b) alignment c) default value d) field Size e) design
5. To create a table ____________ components are a necessary requirement.
A) description b) data type c) alignment d) field name e) alignment
6. _____________ and ___________ keys are used in Relational Database Management System.
a) secondary b) primary c) foreign d) selected e) storage
7. Features of database are:
a) quick data analysis b) direct multiple sorting c) easy to add or delete record
d) difficult to update record e) difficult to modify record
8. Tables can be related in following ways ___________.
a) Many to Many b) one to One c) One to None
b) One to More e) Many to one
9. The most popular RDBMS are ________.
a) MS SQL server b) MYSQL c) FoxPro
d) Access e) Word
10. Following are the SQL commands:
a) DDL b) DML c) DLL d) DLD e) DLM
11. The SQL statements used are ____________.
a) modify b) update c) select d) add e) min
12. The SQL statements used are:
a) modify b) update c) select d) add e) create
13. Correct statements about SQL:
a) it can be used with multiuser system b) it has limitation to store number of fields
c) it stands for structured question language d) it has higher capacity to store data as compare to MS-Access
14. DMBS has several compilers:
a) DDL Complier b) DLL Complier c) DCL Compiler d) DLC complier e) LDL compiler
15. The most fundamental DDL includes ______________.
a) Create Table b) Alter Table c) Insert Table d) Delete Table e) Modify table
16. Transaction Control Commands are:
a) Alter b) Insert c) Commit d) Rollback e) create

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 Information Technology
6. BASIC DATABASE CONCEPTS

Q5. Multiple Choice Questions (Three Correct Answers)

1. The opening screen of MS-Access shows following options:
a) database Wizard b) blank Access database c) datasheet View
d) open an existing database e) MS – word f) MS – Excel
2. Select the objects of MS-Access:
a) Table b) Primary c) report d) Query e) View f) Table
3. MS-Access database includes following object:
a) Table b) macro c) worksheet d) view e) forms f) create
4. Tables can be related in following ways:
a) Many to Many b) One to One c) One to None
d) One to more e) One to Many f) no table
5. The most popular RDBMS are:
a) MS SQL server b) MYSQL c) FoxPro
d) Access e) Oracle f) Excel
6. Different Relational Database Management System are:
a) Excel b) Access c) word
d) oracle e) outlook express f) SQL
7. SQL commands can be categorized as ________.
a) DLL b) DDL c) DML
d) DNL e) DCL f) DMM
8. DMBS has several compilers____________.
a) DDL Complier b) DLL Complier c) DML Complier
d) DCL complier e) Processor
9. The major components in disk storage are__________.
a) data file b) data dictionary c) indices
d) query e) complier f) interpreter
10. RDMS data is structured in ______________.
a) database tables b) query c) fields
d) records e) compiler f) data file
11. The most fundamental DDL includes:
a) Create Table b) Alter Table c) Drop Table
d) Delete Table e) Update Table f) Modify Table
12. The three basic DML commands are ______________.
a) Create b) Insert c) Update
b) delete e) Drop f) Alter

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1. Define Data, Information, Database, Record, Field and Tables
1. Data : Data is collection of facts in unorganized manner.
For example : collection of personal information.
2. Information : The processed data is called information. Data is processed to results.
3. Database
a) A collection of a data fundamental to system.
b) An organized collection of related data, grouped together as a single item, stored in the
form of table in a file is a database.
c) A collection of data with a given structure for accepting, storing and providing demand
to multiple users
4. Record: A collection of related fields becomes record. Rows in database table are called
records.
eg. person Id, phone no. etc.
5. Field : A piece of information about a record is known as field. Fields are columns in a table.
6. Tables : A table is a collection of related data or records. Each table column represents a
field and each row represents a record. Access tables are not stored in separate files but are
all included in Access MDB file
2. What is Access?
1. Microsoft Access is a full-featured Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) which
can be used to create and modify database tables, data entry forms, reports and queries
2. In Access, database is a collection of data where data is organized into table consisting of
columns (called fields) and rows (called records)
3. The data stored in each column must be of single data type.
4. Different tables can have the same columns in common. This denotes the relationship among
two tables
5. Each table must have a special column called the key that is used to uniquely identify records
in table.
3. What are the advantages of database applications ?
A database application program has following advantages:
1. Quick search for a specific record.
2. Easy to add or delete a record.
3. Edit facility to update fields of a record.
4. Sorting of records according to different fields.
5. More tables having relations can provide adequate information for required task.
6. Quick data analysis.
7. Selection of records for specific criteria i.e. query
8. Report generation of very good quality.
9. Validation.
10. Elimination of duplicate records.

4. Explain following terms
a) Data Interface Language:
Data Definition Language (DDLJ- Data Definition Language defines conceptual and internal
schema.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)- Data Manipulation Language is used for retrieval,
insertion, deletion and modification of data.
Data Control Language- The Data Control Language (DCL) is a subset of the Structured
Query Language (SQL) that allows database administrators to configure security access to
relational databases.
b) Database Manager:
A database manager (DB manager) is a computer program, or a set of computer programs that
provide basic database management functionalities including creation and maintenance of
databases. Database managers have several capabilities including the ability to back up
and restore, attach and detach, create, clone, delete and rename the databases.
 c) File Manager.-
File Manager interacts with the secondary storage to change or to retrieve data from files
DBMS uses file manager which is ported.
d) Compliers and optimizers
DBMS has many compliers to translate the specification and programs into internal structure
The Compliers are:-
DDL Complier
DML Complier
Query Processor
DCL Complier
DBMS have optimizers that convert the queries of DML codes into efficient programs as the
query may access a huge volume of data its execution time may be large. Query optimization
leads to a reduction in the processing time.

5. Explain RDBMS?
1. RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System
2. RDBMS data is structured in database tables, fields and records
3. Each RDBMS table consists of database table rows. Each database table row consists of one
or more database table fields.
4. RDBMS store the data into collection of tables, which might be related by common fields
(database table columns)
5. RDBMS also provide relational operators to manipulate the data stored into the database
tables. Most RDBMS use SQL as database query language.
6. E.F Codd introduced the relational database model. Many modern DBMS do not conform to
the Codd's definition of a RDBMS, but nonetheless they are still considered to be RDBMS.
7. The most popular RDBMS are MS SQL Server, DB2, Oracle and MySQL.

6. Explain Database Administrators?
Database Administrator (DBA)
1. The people responsible for managing databases are called database administrators.
2. Each database administrator, dubbed DBA for the sake of brevity, may be engaged in
performing various database manipulation tasks such as archiving, testing, running,
security control etc., all related to the environmental side of the databases
3. Their job is very important, since in today's world, almost all of the information a company
uses is kept in databases.
4. Due to the fact that most databases use a different approach to storing and handling data,
there are different types of DBAs. Most of the major vendors who provide database
solutions also offer courses to certify the DBA
Functions of DBA
1. Defining of database schema
2. Specification of data dependency and verifying.
3. Definition of physical storage organization of actual data in a disk
4. Creating and testing backups.

7. What is an SQL? Explain the need of SQL
1. SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
2. It is a language that enables user to create and operate on relational databases, which are sets
related information stored in tables.
3. The commands in SQL can operate on entire groups of tables as single object and can treat any
quantity of information derived from them as a single unit
Need of SQL
1. SQL is needed to manage relatively large number of database records
2. SQL is used for high production data entry – environments
3. SQL consists of:
 Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Manipulation Language(DML) and
Data Control Language (DCL)
4. It eliminates redundant data from output automatically
5. User can reorder the columns of the tables or can eliminate them.
6. User can define a condition called predicates, which gives great precision in controlling which
rows are selected by a query
7. SQL deals with missing data by means of special operators like Null.
8. It also provides locks for accessing the data from the table to the users.

8. Explain features of SQL?
Features of SQL are:
1. Supports most administrative tasks for SQL Server.
2. A single, integrated environment for SQL Server Database Engine management and authoring.
3. Dialogs for managing objects in the SQL Server Database Engine, Analysis Services, and
Reporting Services, that allows you to execute your actions immediately, send them to a Code
Editor, or script them for later execution.
4. Non-modal and resizable dialogs allow access to multiple tools while a dialog is open.
5. A common scheduling dialog that allows you to perform action of the management dialogs at a
later time.
6. Exporting and importing SQL Server Management Studio server registration from one
Management Studio environment to another.
7. Integrated Database Mail interfaces.

9. What are the advantages of SQL over ACCESS?
Following are the advantages of SQL over ACCESS:
1. SQL uses client-server architecture.
2. SQL can be used with multiuser computer system.
3. It can be used to extract highly specific information from a table, for a particular condition and
giving ordered list, within a single command.
4. It provides security for the created tables structure.
5. SQL support to procedures and user defined functions.
6. SQL enables any number of users to access the data, but not to change it, by placing share locks.
7. Exclusive locks allow no one but the owner of the lock to access the data at all.
8. SQL can efficiently process high volumes of critical data as compared to MS-Access.
9. SQL server can be restored to the point of failure.

10. Write limitations of ACCESS
1. ACCESS may not display all fields if the total number exceeds 200 fields.
2. Accessing a database in Access through a webpage user need to make use of Structure
Query Language (SQL).
3. ACCESS is slowest database.
4. It is designed for single user system.
5. It can not be used while accessing server database.
6. ACCESS cannot support as a developer tool.

11. Explain the basic categories of commands used in SQL?
a) DML
DML is abbreviation of Data Manipulation Language. It is used to retrieve, store, modify, delete,
insert and update data in database.
Examples: SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT statements
b) DDL
DDL is abbreviation of Data Definition Language. It is used to create and modify the structure of
database objects in database. Examples: CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements
 c) DCL
DCL is abbreviation of Data Control Language. It is used to create roles, permissions, and
referential integrity as well it is used to control access to database by securing it.
Examples: GRANT, REVOKE statements
d) TCL
TCL is abbreviation of Transactional Control Language. It is used to manage different
transactions occurring within a database.
Examples: COMMIT, ROLLBACK statements


12. Explain TYPES OF QUERTES?
a) SELECT - Select query is used to retrieve (extract or display) records from table.
Syntax:- select fieldnames / * (all fields) from tablename
For eg: Select from products
Explanation:- This query will display all the columns and records of table.
b) INSERT: - Insert query is used to insert a new record in the table
Syntax: Insert into tablename (fieldnames) values (values).
For eg:- Insert into products (prodname, qty, rate)
c) DELETE: - Delete the existing record from the table.
Syntax:- Delete from tablename where condition.
For eg:- Delete from products where product name= “Tea”
d) UPDATE:- Update query is used to modify the existing record.
Syntax:- Update Tablename
Set fieldname= value
For eg:- Update products
Set rate 175
Where product name = “Tea”

13. Distinguish between Spread sheet & Database
Spreadsheet:-
a) A spreadsheet is an application for tabulating data
b) A spreadsheet stores less data as compared to database
c) The Data is stored in client machine
d) No control is needed over duplicate entries.
e) Only one user needs to access and change data at a given time
Database
a) A database is an application where data is stored so that it can be retrieved by user
b) A database stores more data than the database
c) The Data is stored on the web server
d) Control is needed over duplicate entries.
e) Multiple users may need to access and change data at a given time