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Speed, Distance & Time • If the Selling Price exceeds the Cost Price,
• Speed = distance/time then there is Profit.
• Time = distance/ Speed • Profit or gain = SP – CP
• Distance = (Speed * Time) • Profit % = Profit/(C P)×100
• Distance = Rate x Time • S P = (100+gain % )/100 ×C P
• Rate = Distance/Time • C P = 100/(100+gain %)×S P
• Convert from kph (km/h) to mps(m/sec): • If the overall Cost Price exceeds the selling
x km/hr=x∗(5/18) m/sec price of the buyer then he is said to have
• Convert from mps(m/sec) to kph(km/h): incurred loss.
x m/sec= X*(18/5) km/h • Loss = C P – S P
• If the ratio of the speeds of A and B is a : b, • Loss % = LOSS/(C P)×100
then the ratio of the times taken by then to • S P = (100-loss %)/100×C P
cover the same distance is :1/a : 1/b or b:a • C P = 100/(100-loss %)×S P
• Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x • Profit and Loss Based on Cost Price
km/hr and an equal distance at y km/hr. (i) To find the percent gain or loss, divide the amount
Then, gained or lost by the cost price & multiply it by 100.
the average speed during the whole journey (ii) To find the loss and the selling price when the
is :- 2xy/(x + y) cost and the percent loss are given, multiply the cost
• When speed is constant distance covered by by the percent & subtract the product from the cost.
the object is directly proportional to the time • Discount = M P – S P
taken. ie; If Sa=Sb then Da/Db = Ta/Tb • Discount %, D% = (Discount) / (M P) ×100
• When time is constant speed is directly Percentage
proportional to the distance travelled. ie; If • If we have to convert percentage into fraction
Ta=Tb then Sa/Sb=Da/Db then it is divide by 100.
• When distance is constant speed is inversely • If we have to convert fraction into percentage
proportional to the time taken ie if speed we have to multiple with 100.
increases then time taken to cover the
distance decreases. ie; If Da=Db then Sa/Sb
= Tb/Ta
• If the speeds given are in Harmonic
progression or HP then the corresponding
time taken will be in Arithmetic progression
or AP
• If the speeds given are in AP then the
corresponding time taken is in HP
• If two objects are moving in same direction
with speeds a and b then their relative speed
is |a-b|
• If two objects are moving is opposite direction
with speeds a and b then their relative speed
is (a+b)
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OR Area of rectangle = if one sides (l) The fixed point is known as center and the fixed
distance is called the radius.
and diagonal (d) are given.
(a) Circumference or perimeter of circle =
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is circumference
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at
circumference x radius 900
Area (a) of a rhombus
= a * h, i.e. base * height
(c) Radius of circle =
Product of its diagonals
Sector:
A sector is a figure enclosed by two radii and an
since d22
arc lying between them.
since d22
area=π(R2-r2)
Perimeter=2π(R+r)
Rhombus
Rhombus is a quadrilateral whose all sides are
equal. Area (a) of a parallelogram
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Area=(l+b+2x)2x
Perimeter=4(l+b+2x)
Inner Pathways
Area=(l+b-2x)2x
In a parallelogram, the sum of the squares of the Perimeter=4(l+b-2x)
diagonals = 2 • If there is a change of X% in defining
(the sum of the squares of the two adjacent sides). dimensions of the 2-d figure then its
i.e., perimeter will also change by X%
• If all the sides of a quadrilateral are changed
Perimeter (P) of a parallelogram by X% then its diagonal will also change by
= 2 (a+b), X%.
Where a and b are adjacent sides of the • The area of the largest triangle that can be
parallelogram. inscribed in a semicircle of radius r is r2.
Trapezium (Trapezoid) • The number of revolution made by a circular
A trapezoid is a 2-dimensional geometric figure with wheel of radius r in travelling distance d is
four sides, at least one set of which are parallel. The given by number of revolution =d/2πr
parallel sides are called the bases, while the other • If the length and breadth of the rectangle are
sides are called the legs. The term ‘trapezium,’ from increased by x% and y% then the area of the
which we got our word trapezoid has been in use in rectangle will be increased by.
the English language since the 1500s and is from the (x+y+xy/100)%
Latin meaning ‘little table.’ • If the length and breadth of a rectangle are
decreased by x% and y% respectively then
the area of the rectangle will decrease by:
(x+y-xy/100)%
• If the length of a rectangle is increased by
x%, then its breadth will have to be
decreased by (100x/100+x)% in order to
Area (a) of a trapezium maintain the same area of the rectangle.
1/2 x (sum of parallel sides) x perpendicular • If each of the defining dimensions or sides of
Distance between the parallel sides any 2-D figure is changed by x% its area
changes by :
i.e., x(2+x/100)%
where x=positive if increase and negative if
Pathways Running across the middle of a decreases.
rectangle: Cube
s = side
X is the width of the path Volume: V = s^3
Lateral surface area = 4a2
Area of path= (l+b-x)x
Surface Area: S = 6s^2
perimeter= 2(l+b-2x)
Diagonal (d) = s√3
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Cuboid r = radius
Volume: V = 4/3 πr^3
Surface Area: S = 4π^2
Hemisphere
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