Quiz 3

Question 1

NOTE: To get the correct rounding, work with three decimal places only for the calculation.

(Items highlighted change with each problem and are noted in the spreadsheet)

Consider an L shaped wall to wall connection of 2 off 100mm CLT walls as shown below. This
connection needs to transfer F = 10 kN/m pulling the walls apart.

kmod = 0.8 ρCLT = 500 kg/m3 ftens,k = 20 kN My,Rk= 0.02 kNm

Using 8mm x 180mm FT CH Screws

a) Calculate the 𝐹𝑎𝑥,𝑘,𝑅𝑑

b) At what centres do the screws need to be?

Calculation:

Effective Length Lef = L1 – 100mm

Characteristic Withdrawal Strength of Timber: Timber 2 governs

−0.1 0.8
𝑓𝑎𝑥,𝑘,2 = 0.52𝑑−0.5 𝑙𝑒𝑓,2 𝜌1
𝑑 8𝑚𝑚
Dimension Factor: 𝑘𝑑 = = 8𝑚𝑚 = 1
8𝑚𝑚

Angle of Screw to Grain: 𝛼 = 0°

𝑓𝑎𝑥,𝑘,2𝑑𝑙𝑒𝑓,2𝑘𝑑
Screw Pull Out 𝐹𝑎𝑥,𝑘,𝑅𝑘,2 =
1.2 cos2 𝛼1+sin2 𝛼1

Tensile Failure of Screw: 𝐹𝑎𝑥,𝑘,𝑅𝑘 = 𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠,𝑘 = 20 𝑘𝑁

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑥,𝑘,𝑅𝑘
Axial Capacity: 𝐹𝑎𝑥,𝑘,𝑅𝑑 = 𝛾𝑚

Centres: c/c = F / 𝐹𝑎𝑥,𝑘,𝑅𝑑

 Unit 1 2 3 4 5
Force F kN/m 10 20 30 25 15
Screw Length L1 mm 180 160 140 160 180
Distance between screws a mm 50 50 50 50 50
Modification Factor kmod 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Material Factor γM 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
CLT Density ρ kg/m3 500 500 500 500 500
Screw Diameter d mm 8 8 8 8 8
Tensile Strength of Screw Ftens,k kN 20 20 20 20 20
Moment Capacity of Screw My,Rk kNm 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Effective Length lef,2 mm 80 60 40 60 80
Characteristic Withdrawal fax,k,2 MPa 17.113 17.612 18.341 17.612 17.113
Strength
Dimension Factor kd 1 1 1 1 1
Angle of Screw to the Grain α 0 0 0 0 0
Screw Pull Out Fax,k,Rk,2 kN 9.127 7.045 4.891 7.045 9.127
Tensile Failure of Screw Fax,k,Rk kN 20 20 20 20 20
Axial Capacity Fax,k,Rd kN 5.617 4.335 3.01 4.335 5.617

Marks will be given if you either round down or round to the nearest 100 mm for the centre
Question 2

Consider an L shaped wall to wall connection of 2 off 100mm CLT walls as shown below. This
connection needs to transfer F = 10 kN/m pulling the walls apart.

kmod = 0.8 ρCLT = 500 kg/m3 ftens,k = 20 kN My,Rk= 0.02 kNm

Using 4mm thick bracket with 2 off 8 x 40 FT CS Screws 50mm apart into each side of the timber,
assume the capacity of the bracket is governed by the design of the screws.

a) Calculate the 𝐹𝑣,𝑅𝑑

b) At what centres do the screws need to be?

Calculation:

Lateral Capacity Governs

Effective Length Lef = L2 – 4mm

Characteristic Withdrawal Strength of Timber:

−0.1 0.8
𝑓𝑎𝑥,𝑘 = 0.52𝑑−0.5 𝑙𝑒𝑓 𝜌𝑘
𝑑 8𝑚𝑚
Dimension Factor: 𝑘𝑑 = 8𝑚𝑚 = 8𝑚𝑚 = 1

Angle of Screw to Grain: 𝛼 = 90°

𝑓𝑎𝑥,𝑘 𝑑𝑙𝑒𝑓 𝑘𝑑
Screw Pull Out: 𝐹𝑎𝑥,𝑘,𝑅𝑘 = 1.2 cos2 𝛼+sin2 𝛼

Lateral Capacity
Effective Length Lef = L2 – 4mm

Now Element is Thin: 0.5d = 4mm

Embedment Strength: 𝑓ℎ,𝑘 = 60𝑑−0.5 = 60(8)−0.5 = 21.213 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Thin Steel Plate in Single Shear

Thin Failure of Embedment: 𝐹𝑣,𝑅𝑘,1 = 0.4𝑓ℎ,𝑘 𝑙𝑒𝑓 𝑑

𝐹𝑎𝑥,𝑅𝑘
Plastic Failure of Screw: 𝐹𝑣,𝑅𝑘,2 = 1.15√2𝑀𝑦𝑅𝑘 𝑓ℎ,𝑘 𝑑 +
4

4 𝑎
Effective Number of Screws nef = min (2, (20.9 ) √13𝑑 )

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐹𝑣,𝑅𝑘
Thin Capacity: 𝐹𝑣,𝑅𝑑 = 𝛾𝑚

Centres: c/c = F / 𝐹𝑣,𝑅𝑑

 Unit 1 2 3 4 5
Force F kN/m 10 20 30 25 15
Screw Length L2 mm 40 60 100 80 60
Distance between screws a mm 50 50 50 50 50
Modification Factor kmod 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Material Factor γM 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
3
CLT Density ρ kg/m 500 500 500 500 500
Screw Diameter d mm 8 8 8 8 8
Tensile Strength of Screw Ftens,k kN 20 20 20 20 20
Moment Capacity of Screw My,Rk kNm 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Effective Length lef,2 mm 36 56 96 76 56
Characteristic Withdrawal fax,k,2 MPa 18.535 17.734 16.804 17.201 17.734
Strength
Dimension Factor kd 1 1 1 1 1
Angle of Screw to the Grain α 90 90 90 90 90
Screw Pull Out - Axial Capacity Fax,k,Rk,2 kN 5.338 7.945 12.905 10.458 7.945
Embedment Strength fh,k MPa 21.213 21.213 21.213 21.213 21.213
Thin Failure Embedment Fv,Rk,1 kN 2.444 3.801 6.517 5.159 3.801
Plastic Failure of Screw Fv,Rk,2 kN 4.331 4.982 6.222 5.611 4.982
Effective Number of Screws nef kN 1.554 1.554 1.554 1.554 1.554
Thin Lateral Capacity Fv,Rd kN 2.337 3.635 5.95 4.934 3.635

Marks will be given if you either round down or round to the nearest 100 mm for the centre
Question 3

NOTE: To get the correct rounding, work with three decimal places only for the calculation.

(Items highlighted change with each problem and are noted in the spreadsheet)

You have 100 180mm x 7.5m x 2.35m CLT panels (density = 500 kg/m3) to fit into a high cube
container (maximum height = 2650mm, maximum width = 2.5m, maximum length = 12m, maximum
weight 24 tonne). How many containers do you need?

Calculation:

Weight of 1 panel = thickness x length x width

Maximum panels per container by weight = 24 tonne / weight of 1 panel

Number of panels per length = max length / length of panel

Number of panels per width = max width / width of panel

Number of panels in height = max height / thickness of panel

Maximum panels per container by volume = per length x per width x in height

Maximum panels per container = min(by weight, by volume)

Number of containers = number of panels / maximum panels per container

 Unit 1 2 3 4 5

Number of Containers 100 110 120 130 140

Thickness of Panel mm 180 220 140 100 260
Length of Panel m 7.5 6.5 8.5 4.5 5.5
Width of Panel m 2.35 2.25 2.45 2.15 2.05
CLT Density kg/m3 500 500 500 500 500
Max Container Height mm 2650 2650 2650 2650 2650
Max Container Length m 12 12 12 12 12
Max Container Width m 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Max Container Weight tonne 24 24 24 24 24
Weight of 1 panel kg 1586.25 1608.75 1457.75 483.75 1465.75
Max Panels by Weight 15 14 16 49 16
# of panels per length 1 1 1 2 2
# of panels per width 1 1 1 1 1
# of panel in height 14 12 19 27 10
Max Panels by Area 14 12 19 54 20
Max Panels per 14 12 16 49 16
Container
Number of Containers 8 10 8 3 9
Week 12 Question
NOTE: removed from the quiz. The question is presented here for your preparation for the final exam

Determine if a 160 (40/20/60/20/40) C24 wall that is 3.0m high and protected with two
layers of 13mm FGPB on each side is appropriate for the below load exposed to fire on both
sides for an FRL of 60 minutes. (Assume outer layers are spanning vertically, consider 1m
strip, GR = 50 MPa).
G (incl. SW) = 40 kN/m
Q = 40 kN/m

a) What is the fire limit state load? (## kN/m)

b) What is the residual cross section? (##/##/##/##/##)

c) What is the fire limit state compression capacity? (## kN/m)

d) Is the wall appropriate? (Yes / No)

Determine Load and Actions

G + 0.4Q AS1170.0

kmod = 1.0 kfi = 1.15 γm = 1.0

Determine Residual Cross Section

hp = 1.8 / 2 x tFGPB
tch = 2.8 x hp – 14
tf = 2.2 x hp + 4
Hence no char before failure
dchar,FRL-tf = k2β0 (FRL – tf)
Therefore total depth of char
dchar = dchar,FRL-tf + k0d0
Therefore the residual cross section is
(h1,fi = h1 - dchar / h2 / h3 / h4 / h5,fi = h5 - dchar)

Determine Section Properties

E0.05 = 7,400 MPa Emean = 11,000 MPa fc,0,k = 21 MPa

𝐴𝑐 = (h1,fi + h3 + h5,fi) 1m

A1 = A5 = h1,fi x 1m

I1 = I5 = h1,fi3 x 1m / 12

A3 = h3 x 1m

I3 = h33 x 1m / 12

Major axis L = 3.0m, b = 1.0m

Given the similarity and symmetry: 𝛾3 = 1 𝑎3 = 0

𝐺𝑅 𝑏
̅̅̅
𝐾1 = ̅̅̅
𝐾5 =
ℎ2
 1
𝛾1 = 𝛾5 = 𝜋2 𝐸0,𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝐴1
1+ ̅ 𝐿2
𝐾

ℎ1 ℎ3
𝑎1 = 𝑎5 = + ℎ2 + − 𝑎3
2 2

(𝐸𝐼)𝑒𝑓 = ∑ 𝐸𝑖 𝐼𝑖 + 𝛾𝑖 𝐸𝑖 𝐴𝑖 𝑎𝑖2 = (𝐸0 𝐼1 + 𝐼3 + 𝐼5 ) + 𝛾1 𝐸0 𝐴1 𝑎12 + 𝛾5 𝐸0 𝐴5 𝑎52

𝑖

Determine reduction factor

(𝐸𝐼)𝑒𝑓
Modulus of Inertia 𝐼𝑒𝑓 = 𝐸
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛

Effective Length Lef = 0.7 x L

𝐿𝑒𝑓
𝜆=
√𝐼𝑒𝑓,0 /𝐴𝑒𝑓,0

𝜆 𝑓𝑐,0,𝑘
𝜆𝑟𝑒𝑙 = √
𝜋 𝐸0.05

𝑘 = 0.5(1 + 𝛽𝑐 (𝜆𝑟𝑒𝑙 − 0.3) + 𝜆2𝑟𝑒𝑙 )

1
𝑘𝑐 =
𝑘 + √𝑘 2 − 𝜆2𝑟𝑒𝑙

Determine Compression capacity

N
Design Stress 𝜎𝑐,0,𝑑 = 𝐴
𝑒𝑓,0

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑘𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑘𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑐,0,𝑘

Compression Strength 𝑘𝑐 𝑓𝑐,0,𝑑 = 𝑘𝑐 𝛾𝑚

Therefore CLT wall OKAY for compression.