Using FastCGI

with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI
Using FastCGI with Apache HTTP Server 2.4
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing
Jeff Trawick
mod fcgid
http://emptyhammock.com/
mod proxy fcgi trawick@emptyhammock.com
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools
April 8, 2014
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

1/97
 Revisions

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI
2014-04-10
FastCGI with
Apache httpd Add Require expr ... to /www/tools/
2.4
configuration in More classic CGI configuration
Choosing

mod fcgid
slide to resolve a potential security hole. Thank
mod proxy fcgi
you Eric Covener!
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

2/97
 Get these slides...

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 http://emptyhammock.com/projects/info/slides.html
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

3/97
 Table of Contents

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server 1 The world of FastCGI
2.4

Jeff Trawick 2 FastCGI with Apache httpd 2.4

The world of
FastCGI 3 Choosing
FastCGI with
Apache httpd 4 mod fcgid
2.4

Choosing
5 mod proxy fcgi
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi 6 mod authnz fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools
7 Other tools
PHP
Applications 8 PHP Applications and FastCGI
and FastCGI

Future 9 Future

4/97
 Introduction — Who am I?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
I’ve worked at
several large corporations, for over two decades
The world of
FastCGI my own one-person company, Emptyhammock, for the
FastCGI with last two years
Apache httpd
2.4
I’ve worked on
Choosing
several products which were primarily based on or
mod fcgid
otherwise included Apache HTTP Server
mod proxy fcgi
lower-level networking products
mod authnz fcgi
web applications
Other tools

PHP I’ve developed or maintained some of the FastCGI

Applications
and FastCGI support in the Apache HTTP Server project.
Future

5/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 The world of FastCGI
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

6/97
 FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI A protocol for communicating between a web server and
FastCGI with persistent application processes which can handle any of
Apache httpd
2.4 several different phases of requests.
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

7/97
 FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI A protocol for communicating between a web server and
FastCGI with persistent application processes which can handle any of
Apache httpd
2.4 several different phases of requests.
Choosing
Implemented for most web servers.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

7/97
 FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI A protocol for communicating between a web server and
FastCGI with persistent application processes which can handle any of
Apache httpd
2.4 several different phases of requests.
Choosing
Implemented for most web servers.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

Implemented for most programming languages and a
mod authnz fcgi
number of frameworks.
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

7/97
 Fast CGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Inputs and outputs are similar to CGI:
The world of
FastCGI environment variables
FastCGI with CONTENT LENGTH, SCRIPT NAME, etc.
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

8/97
 Fast CGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Inputs and outputs are similar to CGI:
The world of
FastCGI environment variables
FastCGI with CONTENT LENGTH, SCRIPT NAME, etc.
Apache httpd
2.4
input stream for request body
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

8/97
 Fast CGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Inputs and outputs are similar to CGI:
The world of
FastCGI environment variables
FastCGI with CONTENT LENGTH, SCRIPT NAME, etc.
Apache httpd
2.4
input stream for request body
Choosing
output stream for response headers and body
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

8/97
 Fast CGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Inputs and outputs are similar to CGI:
The world of
FastCGI environment variables
FastCGI with CONTENT LENGTH, SCRIPT NAME, etc.
Apache httpd
2.4
input stream for request body
Choosing
output stream for response headers and body
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi output stream for log messages

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

8/97
 Fast CGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Inputs and outputs are similar to CGI:
The world of
FastCGI environment variables
FastCGI with CONTENT LENGTH, SCRIPT NAME, etc.
Apache httpd
2.4
input stream for request body
Choosing
output stream for response headers and body
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi output stream for log messages

mod authnz fcgi But binary encoded on a stream socket or pipe (Windows).
Other tools
FastCGI process waits repeatedly for new connections.
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

8/97
 Raw CGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
The world of extern char **environ;
FastCGI
/* environ is {"CONTENT_LENGTH=105",
FastCGI with "SCRIPT_NAME=/path/to/foo.fcgi", etc. } */
Apache httpd
2.4 const char *cl_str;
Choosing

mod fcgid
if ((cl_str = getenv("CONTENT_LENGTH")) {
read(FILENO_STDIN,,); /* request body */
mod proxy fcgi
}
mod authnz fcgi
write(STDOUT_FILENO,,); /* response headers
Other tools * and body */
PHP write(STDERR_FILENO,,); /* to web server log */
Applications
and FastCGI }
Future

9/97
 Raw FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache int main(int argc, char **argv)
HTTP Server
2.4
{
socket(); bind(); listen();
Jeff Trawick
while (1) {
The world of int cl = accept();
FastCGI
read(cl, buf);
FastCGI with |00000 0101000100080000 0001000000000000 ........ ........|
Apache httpd
2.4 |00010 0104000100190000 090e485454505f48 ........ ..HTTP_H|
Choosing
|00020 4f53543132372e30 2e302e313a383038 OST127.0 .0.1:808|
|00030 3101040001002000 000f0f485454505f 1..... . ...HTTP_|
mod fcgid
|00040 555345525f414745 4e54417061636865 USER_AGE NTApache|
mod proxy fcgi
|00050 42656e63682f322e 3301040001001000 Bench/2. 3.......|
mod authnz fcgi |00060 000b03485454505f 4143434550542a2f ...HTTP_ ACCEPT*/|
Other tools write(cl, buf);
PHP |00000 01060001041a0600 436f6e74656e742d ........ Content-|
Applications
and FastCGI
|00010 547970653a207465 78742f706c61696e Type: te xt/plain|
|00020 0a0a787878787878 7878787878787878 ..xxxxxx xxxxxxxx|
Future
|00030 7878787878787878 7878787878787878 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx|
close(cl);
10/97
 Raw FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server How the datastream is defined:
2.4

Jeff Trawick version — 1 byte, always 1

The world of type — 1 byte, stuff like begin-request, abort-request,
FastCGI
params, stdin-data, stdout-data, etc.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4
request id — 2 byte request identifier
Choosing content length — 2 byte length of bundled data
mod fcgid padding length — 1 byte length of padding data
mod proxy fcgi
the data (0–64k bytes)
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools the padding (0–255 bytes)

PHP
Applications |0101000100080000 0001000000000000 ........ ........|
and FastCGI
|0104000100190000 090e485454505f48 ........ ..HTTP_H|
Future

11/97
 Programming support

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
After all, nobody would want to reinvent that protocol.
The world of
FastCGI
FastCGI protocol libraries are available for use with Perl,
FastCGI with
Python, Ruby, C, etc., often based on the C library from
Apache httpd
2.4
Open Market.
Choosing
Code to the API to implement a FastCGI application.
mod fcgid With some APIs, a properly coded FastCGI app will also
mod proxy fcgi work as plain CGI.
mod authnz fcgi PHP supports it transparently.
Other tools
Some frameworks support it transparently.
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

12/97
 Perl example, moving from CGI to FastCGI

Using FastCGI CGI-only Perl script:

with Apache
HTTP Server use CGI;
2.4
my $q = CGI->new;
Jeff Trawick $mode = $q->param(’mode’);
print $q->header(-type => ’text/html’);
The world of
FastCGI print $q->start_html(’hello, world’),
$q->h1(’hello, world’),
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
$q->end_html;
2.4 }
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

13/97
 Perl example, moving from CGI to FastCGI

Using FastCGI CGI-only Perl script:

with Apache
HTTP Server use CGI;
2.4
my $q = CGI->new;
Jeff Trawick $mode = $q->param(’mode’);
print $q->header(-type => ’text/html’);
The world of
FastCGI print $q->start_html(’hello, world’),
$q->h1(’hello, world’),
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
$q->end_html;
2.4 }
Choosing
Dual-mode CGI/FastCGI Perl script:
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi use CGI::Fast;

while (my $q = CGI::Fast->new) {
mod authnz fcgi
$mode = $q->param(’mode’);
Other tools print $q->header(-type => ’text/html’);
PHP print $q->start_html(’hello, world’),
Applications $q->h1(’hello, world’),
and FastCGI $q->end_html;
Future }

13/97
 Perl example, moving from CGI to FastCGI

Using FastCGI CGI-only Perl script:

with Apache
HTTP Server use CGI;
2.4
my $q = CGI->new;
Jeff Trawick $mode = $q->param(’mode’);
print $q->header(-type => ’text/html’);
The world of
FastCGI print $q->start_html(’hello, world’),
$q->h1(’hello, world’),
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
$q->end_html;
2.4 }
Choosing
Dual-mode CGI/FastCGI Perl script:
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi use CGI::Fast;

while (my $q = CGI::Fast->new) {
mod authnz fcgi
$mode = $q->param(’mode’);
Other tools print $q->header(-type => ’text/html’);
PHP print $q->start_html(’hello, world’),
Applications $q->h1(’hello, world’),
and FastCGI $q->end_html;
Future }

But beware of unintentionally saved state. 13/97

 Web server support for FastCGI applications

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with Available for most web servers, including Apache httpd,
Apache httpd
2.4 IIS, Lighttpd, nginx, iPlanet, and others
Choosing Typically implemented as a shared library (plug-in
mod fcgid module) which can be loaded if the feature is desired
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

14/97
 History

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick The FastCGI protocol was originally developed in

The world of
1995–1996 for a web server from Open Market, perhaps
FastCGI in response to the NSAPI programming model which
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
allowed for C language plug-ins for the Netscape (now
2.4 iPlanet once again) web server.
Choosing

mod fcgid http://www.fastcgi.com/devkit/doc/fcgi-spec.html

mod proxy fcgi
One web server implementation of particular interest, also
mod authnz fcgi
from Open Market: mod fastcgi 1.0 for Apache 1.0 in
Other tools
1996
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI See the August 28, 1996 issue of Apache Week.
Future

15/97
 What happened after that?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick FastCGI was great for converting existing CGIs (often
Perl) and drastically improving performance.
The world of
FastCGI
But:
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4
Native web server APIs were exploited more and more,
Choosing either for existing scripting languages like Perl or new
mod fcgid languages like PHP.
mod proxy fcgi Apache httpd modules took off. Web developers and
mod authnz fcgi deployers became accustomed to native code plug-ins.
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

16/97
 What happened after that?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick FastCGI was great for converting existing CGIs (often
Perl) and drastically improving performance.
The world of
FastCGI
But:
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4
Native web server APIs were exploited more and more,
Choosing either for existing scripting languages like Perl or new
mod fcgid languages like PHP.
mod proxy fcgi Apache httpd modules took off. Web developers and
mod authnz fcgi deployers became accustomed to native code plug-ins.
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI (Surplus of C programmers?)
Future

16/97
 Native module drawbacks

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 Overall resource use often larger when app runs in the
Jeff Trawick web server, especially for prefork model
The world of
memory
FastCGI connections to database, LDAP, etc.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Resources are often left behind on any thread/process
2.4
that occasionally runs the application — underutilized.
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

17/97
 Native module drawbacks

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 Overall resource use often larger when app runs in the
Jeff Trawick web server, especially for prefork model
The world of
memory
FastCGI connections to database, LDAP, etc.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Resources are often left behind on any thread/process
2.4
that occasionally runs the application — underutilized.
Choosing

mod fcgid
Introduces instability into server (these modules can be
mod proxy fcgi
at least as complicated as the core server)
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

17/97
 Native module drawbacks

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 Overall resource use often larger when app runs in the
Jeff Trawick web server, especially for prefork model
The world of
memory
FastCGI connections to database, LDAP, etc.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Resources are often left behind on any thread/process
2.4
that occasionally runs the application — underutilized.
Choosing

mod fcgid
Introduces instability into server (these modules can be
mod proxy fcgi
at least as complicated as the core server)
mod authnz fcgi Collisions between requirements of different modules
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

17/97
 Native module drawbacks

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 Overall resource use often larger when app runs in the
Jeff Trawick web server, especially for prefork model
The world of
memory
FastCGI connections to database, LDAP, etc.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Resources are often left behind on any thread/process
2.4
that occasionally runs the application — underutilized.
Choosing

mod fcgid
Introduces instability into server (these modules can be
mod proxy fcgi
at least as complicated as the core server)
mod authnz fcgi Collisions between requirements of different modules
Other tools
Generally unable to support multiple script interpreter
PHP
Applications versions
and FastCGI

Future

17/97
 Native module drawbacks

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 Overall resource use often larger when app runs in the
Jeff Trawick web server, especially for prefork model
The world of
memory
FastCGI connections to database, LDAP, etc.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Resources are often left behind on any thread/process
2.4
that occasionally runs the application — underutilized.
Choosing

mod fcgid
Introduces instability into server (these modules can be
mod proxy fcgi
at least as complicated as the core server)
mod authnz fcgi Collisions between requirements of different modules
Other tools
Generally unable to support multiple script interpreter
PHP
Applications versions
and FastCGI
Potential lack of thread safety, or expensive locking
Future

17/97
 But with FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
Often the required application thread/process count is a
Jeff Trawick
fraction of that of the web server (so resources not left
The world of
FastCGI
behind on threads/processes occasionally used).
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

18/97
 But with FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
Often the required application thread/process count is a
Jeff Trawick
fraction of that of the web server (so resources not left
The world of
FastCGI
behind on threads/processes occasionally used).
FastCGI with A particular application usually can’t introduce instability
Apache httpd
2.4 into the server, so basic services and other applications
Choosing are unaffected.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

18/97
 But with FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
Often the required application thread/process count is a
Jeff Trawick
fraction of that of the web server (so resources not left
The world of
FastCGI
behind on threads/processes occasionally used).
FastCGI with A particular application usually can’t introduce instability
Apache httpd
2.4 into the server, so basic services and other applications
Choosing are unaffected.
mod fcgid
Different applications can use different libraries,
mod proxy fcgi
interpreter versions, framework versions, etc.
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

18/97
 But with FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
Often the required application thread/process count is a
Jeff Trawick
fraction of that of the web server (so resources not left
The world of
FastCGI
behind on threads/processes occasionally used).
FastCGI with A particular application usually can’t introduce instability
Apache httpd
2.4 into the server, so basic services and other applications
Choosing are unaffected.
mod fcgid
Different applications can use different libraries,
mod proxy fcgi
interpreter versions, framework versions, etc.
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools
Independent start/stop of web server and application
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

18/97
 But with FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
Often the required application thread/process count is a
Jeff Trawick
fraction of that of the web server (so resources not left
The world of
FastCGI
behind on threads/processes occasionally used).
FastCGI with A particular application usually can’t introduce instability
Apache httpd
2.4 into the server, so basic services and other applications
Choosing are unaffected.
mod fcgid
Different applications can use different libraries,
mod proxy fcgi
interpreter versions, framework versions, etc.
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools
Independent start/stop of web server and application
PHP Independent identity or chroot env vs. web server and
Applications
and FastCGI other applications
Future

18/97
 Relative cost of threads

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
Threads that serve application requests are more
FastCGI expensive than threads that service static files or proxy
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
requests elsewhere.
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

19/97
 Relative cost of threads

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
Threads that serve application requests are more
FastCGI expensive than threads that service static files or proxy
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
requests elsewhere.
2.4
If you run the application request on web server threads,
Choosing
you turn cheap threads into expensive threads.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

19/97
 Relative cost of threads

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
Threads that serve application requests are more
FastCGI expensive than threads that service static files or proxy
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
requests elsewhere.
2.4
If you run the application request on web server threads,
Choosing
you turn cheap threads into expensive threads.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi If you run the application request on threads in dedicated
mod authnz fcgi application processes, you have lower resource
Other tools consumption since you’ll have fewer expensive threads.
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

19/97
 Ummm, why are there fewer application threads?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Some requests don’t run the application (static files,
The world of
FastCGI pings, etc.)
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

20/97
 Ummm, why are there fewer application threads?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Some requests don’t run the application (static files,
The world of
FastCGI pings, etc.)
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
When the application thread isn’t a web server thread:
2.4 The application often isn’t invoked until after all or much
Choosing of the request is received by a server thread, and the
mod fcgid application is relinquished before all of the response is
mod proxy fcgi sent to the client.
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

20/97
 Ummm, why are there fewer application threads?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Some requests don’t run the application (static files,
The world of
FastCGI pings, etc.)
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
When the application thread isn’t a web server thread:
2.4 The application often isn’t invoked until after all or much
Choosing of the request is received by a server thread, and the
mod fcgid application is relinquished before all of the response is
mod proxy fcgi sent to the client.
mod authnz fcgi Some isolation from slower clients, for better utilization of
Other tools the expensive threads
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

20/97
 Criticisms of FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI generally troublesome implementations
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 just switch from mod fastcgi to mod fcgid or httpd to
Choosing Lighttpd or ...
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

21/97
 Criticisms of FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI generally troublesome implementations
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 just switch from mod fastcgi to mod fcgid or httpd to
Choosing Lighttpd or ...
mod fcgid
more or different configuration required for the
mod proxy fcgi
application
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

21/97
 Concerns for some special situations

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI
Protocol is complex enough that unsanitized input could
FastCGI with
expose bugs in non-mainstream protocol support in app
Apache httpd
2.4
but also in server
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

22/97
 Concerns for some special situations

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI
Protocol is complex enough that unsanitized input could
FastCGI with
expose bugs in non-mainstream protocol support in app
Apache httpd
2.4
but also in server
Choosing Care needed with TCP to protect access
mod fcgid Instant auth: Just set REMOTE USER
mod proxy fcgi Throw garbage at the TCP port, see what happens
mod authnz fcgi AF UNIX has filesystem permissions and is system-only.
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

22/97
 Competitors

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
HTTP — If you use HTTP you can interoperate with
The world of almost anything. But if you use HTTP you have a lot to
FastCGI
implement to be able to interoperate with what people
FastCGI with
Apache httpd will throw at you.
2.4

Choosing SCGI — http://python.ca/scgi/protocol.txt

mod fcgid about 100 lines, so easy to implement yourself if existing
mod proxy fcgi library support isn’t available or suitable
mod authnz fcgi commonly used FastCGI capabilities, plus sendfile
Other tools One unfortunate omission: doesn’t provide a way for
PHP routing stderr messages (integration into web server logs).
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

23/97
 Competitors

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
CGI — why not, if load isn’t an issue?
FastCGI
AJP — not just for Java application servers
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4
custom
Choosing These have varying infrastructure to help with process
mod fcgid management and protocol.
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools
(And of course mod foo and JVM or CLR-based interpreters.)
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

24/97
 Non-competitors

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI providers of APIs
FastCGI with
Apache httpd Modules such as mod wsgi or mod php provide an API
2.4
rather than implement a well-known wire protocol such as
Choosing
FastCGI, HTTP, or SCGI.
mod fcgid
This can use FastCGI or other protocols. IOW, WSGI and
mod proxy fcgi PSGI are not competitors to FastCGI.
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

25/97
 So when would I run the application inside httpd

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI Very lightweight interpreter (e.g., Lua)
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

26/97
 So when would I run the application inside httpd

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI Very lightweight interpreter (e.g., Lua)
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Very light load that isn’t expected to increase (e.g., some
2.4
non-Internet-facing special-purpose application)
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

26/97
 So when would I run the application inside httpd

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI Very lightweight interpreter (e.g., Lua)
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Very light load that isn’t expected to increase (e.g., some
2.4
non-Internet-facing special-purpose application)
Choosing
I know that I can continue to run the application inside
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

httpd even if the server as a whole scales up or switches
mod authnz fcgi
to a different MPM
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

26/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 FastCGI with Apache httpd 2.4
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

27/97
 Primary FastCGI modules for Apache httpd 2.4

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Several modules are available from the Apache HTTP Server
The world of
FastCGI project, and others are in use as well.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 These can be compared based on support for key features:
Choosing

mod fcgid
Application process management
mod proxy fcgi Communication mechanism
mod authnz fcgi
Supported FastCGI application roles
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

28/97
 Application process management support

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI
Can the module manage the lifecycle of FastCGI application
FastCGI with
processes, based on load and the web server lifecycle?
Apache httpd
2.4 A module might only interact with processes it created.
Choosing A module might only interact with sockets owned by
mod fcgid
processes it doesn’t know about,
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

A module might support both models.
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

29/97
 Communication mechanism support

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
What types of IPC are supported for communication with the
FastCGI
application?
FastCGI with
Apache httpd A module may or may not support TCP sockets.
2.4

Choosing
A module may or may not support Unix sockets (on Unix,
mod fcgid of course).
mod proxy fcgi A module may or may not support local pipes (only on
mod authnz fcgi Windows in practice).
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

30/97
 FastCGI role support

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server The FastCGI specification defines several different roles that a
2.4

Jeff Trawick
FastCGI application may implement:
responder role
The world of
FastCGI Generating the response body in a manner
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
similar to CGI (the typical requirement)
2.4
authorizer role
Choosing
Deciding whether or not the user is authorized
mod fcgid
to access the requested resource. This generally
mod proxy fcgi
is implemented with httpd-specific extensions for
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools
the three Apache httpd AAA phases.
PHP filter role
Applications
and FastCGI Generating the response body based on an extra
Future stream of input data.

31/97
 Primary FastCGI modules for Apache httpd 2.4

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 fcgid fastcgi proxy fcgi authnz fcgi
Jeff Trawick
Manages app Yes Yes No No
The world of processes?
FastCGI
Works with No Yes Yes Yes
FastCGI with
Apache httpd other processes?
2.4

Choosing
TCP? No Yes Yes Yes
mod fcgid
Local sockets Yes Yes Yes No
mod proxy fcgi
or pipes? (Unix)
mod authnz fcgi Responders? Yes Yes Yes No
Other tools AAA? Yes Yes No Yes (plus
PHP providers)
Applications
and FastCGI Filters? No No No No
Future

32/97
 Other FastCGI modules for Apache httpd 2.4

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI Kean Johnston has mentioned his work-in-progress,
FastCGI with mod extfcgi, a couple of times on the httpd developer
Apache httpd
2.4 mailing list, but it is not yet available.
Choosing The unique feature planned is support for the FastCGI
mod fcgid FILTER role.
mod proxy fcgi
your module here
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

33/97
 About mod authnz fcgi...

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
This is not currently part of 2.4 releases; it must be
The world of obtained from httpd trunk and built separately from
FastCGI
httpd.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/httpd/httpd/
2.4

Choosing
trunk/modules/aaa/mod_authnz_fcgi.c?view=co
mod fcgid apxs -ci mod authnz fcgi.c
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Is it production ready? It has been tested by multiple parties,
Other tools
but it has not been formally reviewed for merging into the
PHP
Applications 2.4.x branch. I requested that last week.
and FastCGI

Future

34/97
 About mod fastcgi...

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 http://www.fastcgi.com/
Jeff Trawick
The latest semi-official code is a snapshot created in
The world of 2009; the last release was 2.4.6 in 2007.
FastCGI

FastCGI with A reasonably-complete patch to add support for httpd

Apache httpd
2.4 2.4 is available from a third party at https://github.
Choosing com/ByteInternet/libapache-mod-fastcgi.
mod fcgid Why is mod fastcgi still interesting? Feature set /
mod proxy fcgi migration headaches...
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools We won’t mention mod fastcgi further.

PHP
Applications I hate that, but there hasn’t been a consolidation of patches different
and FastCGI
people are using for one issue or another, resulting in frustration and
Future
wasted effort.

35/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 Choosing among the contenders
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

36/97
 Choosing

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
After kicking mod fastcgi to the curb, choosing among
The world of
FastCGI
FastCGI implementations is very simple:
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4
If you want something to manage the application process
Choosing
lifecycle in conjunction with httpd, use mod fcgid.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

If you want different or more flexible application process
mod authnz fcgi
lifecycle management, use mod proxy fcgi for
Other tools responders and use mod authnz fcgi for authorizers.
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

37/97
 mod fcgid

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick mod fcgid has

The world of mostly nice facilities for managing processes
FastCGI

FastCGI with monitoring of processes via mod status reports

Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing mod fcgid is missing

mod fcgid load balancing to FastCGI processes in the usual sense
mod proxy fcgi
support for FastCGI apps which can handle multiple
mod authnz fcgi
concurrent requests or include their own process
Other tools

PHP
management
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

38/97
 mod proxy fcgi

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 Key considerations:
Jeff Trawick
Pair it with mod authnz fcgi if you need to support
The world of AUTHORIZER role
FastCGI

FastCGI with Does not currently support multiple requests per

Apache httpd
2.4 connection (i.e., you’ll have lots of connection
Choosing establishment, lots of sockets in certain states)
mod fcgid As a scheme handler for mod proxy, it shares many
mod proxy fcgi features with the rest of the mod proxy family, including
mod authnz fcgi Load balancing
Other tools I/O parameters
PHP Balancer manager
Applications
and FastCGI Unix socket support is a recent addition
Future

39/97
 mod authnz fcgi

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI Notable features beyond those typically implemented:
FastCGI with
Apache httpd Supports combined authn/authz like in the FastCGI spec
2.4

Choosing
Supports the modern provider configuration mechanism
mod fcgid Supports application delivery of the response body with a
mod proxy fcgi failed authn check
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

40/97
 mod authnz fcgi limitations

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI Notable limitations beyond those mentioned earlier:
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Does not share connections with mod proxy fcgi
2.4
Does not interoperate with mod authn socache
Choosing

mod fcgid Does not support multiple requests per connection

mod proxy fcgi Does not support the httpd access control phase
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

41/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 Configuration of ASF FastCGI modules
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

42/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 Configuration of ASF FastCGI modules — mod fcgid
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

43/97
 Simple CGI and FastCGI configuration

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 Start with CGI:
Jeff Trawick

The world of
Alias /fastcgi/ \
FastCGI /home/trawick/ApacheCon/inst/fastcgi/
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 <Location /fastcgi>
Choosing Options +ExecCGI
mod fcgid
SetHandler cgi-script
mod proxy fcgi
</Location>
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools IOW, enable the ExecCGI option and set the handler
PHP
Applications
appropriately. (ScriptAlias kind-of does that)
and FastCGI Change the handler name to fcgid-script (mod fcgid).
Future

44/97
 More classic CGI configuration

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server <Location /myapp/>
2.4
AddHandler prettify txt
Jeff Trawick
Action prettify /tools/prettify.pl
The world of </Location>
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd <Directory /www/tools/>
2.4
Require expr %{reqenv:REDIRECT_HANDLER} == ’prettify’
Choosing
Options +ExecCGI
mod fcgid
SetHandler cgi-script
mod proxy fcgi
</Directory>
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools
Again, change the handler name to fcgid-script (mod fcgid).
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI Note the check for the expected handler; this ensures
Future that scripts in that directory are not accessible except
via the action configured for resources in other locations.
45/97
 mod fcgid — Is that all?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
It might be, unless...
Jeff Trawick

The world of
default timeouts or other I/O settings aren’t okay
FastCGI connect timeout, read/write timeout, hang detection
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

46/97
 mod fcgid — Is that all?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
It might be, unless...
Jeff Trawick

The world of
default timeouts or other I/O settings aren’t okay
FastCGI connect timeout, read/write timeout, hang detection
FastCGI with
Apache httpd default process management isn’t okay
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

46/97
 mod fcgid — Is that all?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
It might be, unless...
Jeff Trawick

The world of
default timeouts or other I/O settings aren’t okay
FastCGI connect timeout, read/write timeout, hang detection
FastCGI with
Apache httpd default process management isn’t okay
2.4
limits on numbers of processes, rules for shrinking the
Choosing
pool
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

46/97
 mod fcgid — Is that all?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
It might be, unless...
Jeff Trawick

The world of
default timeouts or other I/O settings aren’t okay
FastCGI connect timeout, read/write timeout, hang detection
FastCGI with
Apache httpd default process management isn’t okay
2.4
limits on numbers of processes, rules for shrinking the
Choosing
pool
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi minor protocol adjustments, environment variables, etc.

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

46/97
 mod fcgid — Is that all?

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
It might be, unless...
Jeff Trawick

The world of
default timeouts or other I/O settings aren’t okay
FastCGI connect timeout, read/write timeout, hang detection
FastCGI with
Apache httpd default process management isn’t okay
2.4
limits on numbers of processes, rules for shrinking the
Choosing
pool
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi minor protocol adjustments, environment variables, etc.

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP Additional configuration is likely except for sites with only

Applications
and FastCGI relatively simple FastCGI applications.
Future

46/97
 Hung process detection

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
By default, if a request does not complete within five minutes
Jeff Trawick
the application will be terminated.
The world of
FastCGI
No way to disable. Fixme.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4
# my report generates output over a long period of
Choosing
# time; don’t kill it
mod fcgid
FcgidBusyTimeout 3600
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi # kill anything that doesn’t respond within 30

Other tools # seconds
PHP FcgidBusyTimeout 30
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

47/97
 I/O timeouts (hung process?)

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
By default, if no data can be read or written within 40
The world of seconds, the application will be terminated.
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd # my report generates output over a long period of
2.4
# time; don’t kill it
Choosing
FcgidBusyTimeout 3600
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

# oh, and there are long pauses between generation
mod authnz fcgi
# of any output
Other tools
FcgidIOTimeout 300
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

48/97
 Process management

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
Simple stuff:
Jeff Trawick

The world of
FcgidMaxProcesses — global limit on number of
FastCGI processes
FastCGI with
Apache httpd FcgidMaxProcessesPerClass — limit on number of
2.4
processes per application
Choosing

mod fcgid
FcgidIdleTimeout — termination after idle for this long
mod proxy fcgi FcgidMaxRequestsPerProcess — termination after
mod authnz fcgi handling this many requests
Other tools
FcgidProcessLifetime — termination after alive for this
PHP
Applications long
and FastCGI

Future

49/97
 Tuning of process management algorithms

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI
Spawn score: internal calculation which represents process
FastCGI with
activity for a FastCGI application; used to determine if a new
Apache httpd instance (process) can be created.
2.4

Choosing # Set this high. If actual score is higher for an app,

mod fcgid # more instances can’t be created.
mod proxy fcgi
FcgidSpawnScoreUpLimit 7000
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

50/97
 Tuning of process management algorithms

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
Spawn score: internal calculation which represents process
FastCGI activity for a FastCGI application; used to determine if a new
FastCGI with
instance (process) can be created.
Apache httpd
2.4 FcgidSpawnScoreUpLimit 7000
Choosing

mod fcgid # Default value. Each process creation adds this to the
mod proxy fcgi # score.
mod authnz fcgi
FcgidSpawnScore 1
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

51/97
 Tuning of process management algorithms

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Spawn score: internal calculation which represents process
The world of
activity for a FastCGI application; used to determine if a new
FastCGI instance (process) can be created.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd FcgidSpawnScoreUpLimit 7000
2.4
FcgidSpawnScore 1
Choosing

mod fcgid # By default, termination increases the score. But why?

mod proxy fcgi # If a process goes away, create additional headroom for
mod authnz fcgi # creating a replacement.
Other tools
FcgidTerminationScore -1
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

52/97
 Tuning of process management algorithms

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Spawn score: internal calculation which represents process
The world of activity for a FastCGI application; used to determine if a new
FastCGI
instance (process) can be created.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 FcgidSpawnScoreUpLimit 7000
Choosing
FcgidSpawnScore 1
FcgidTerminationScore -1
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

# Subtracted from the score each second.
mod authnz fcgi FcgidTimeScore 3
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

53/97
 Ugly tuning of process management algorithms

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI
mod fcgid scans for certain conditions at configurable
FastCGI with
intervals. The default values for the intervals are quite high
Apache httpd for some — 120 seconds.
2.4

Choosing # Scan for processes which have exceeded idle timeout every
mod fcgid # second.
mod proxy fcgi
FcgidIdleScanInterval 0
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

54/97
 Ugly tuning of process management algorithms

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of mod fcgid scans for certain conditions at configurable

FastCGI
intervals. The default values for the intervals are quite high
FastCGI with for some — 120 seconds.
Apache httpd
2.4
FcgidIdleScanInterval 0
Choosing

mod fcgid
# Scan for processes which need to be terminated every second.
mod proxy fcgi FcgidErrorScanInterval 0
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

55/97
 Ugly tuning of process management algorithms

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
mod fcgid scans for certain conditions at configurable
The world of
intervals. The default values for the intervals are quite high
FastCGI for some — 120 seconds.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd FcgidIdleScanInterval 0
2.4
FcgidErrorScanInterval 0
Choosing

mod fcgid # Scan for zombie processes every second.

mod proxy fcgi # (Why don’t we just call waitpid() to see if any children
mod authnz fcgi # exited?)
Other tools
FcgidZombieScanInterval 0
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

56/97
 Request body limits

Using FastCGI
with Apache mod fcgid is very aggressive in isolating the application
HTTP Server
2.4 from slow clients, to the extent that it will first read the
Jeff Trawick request body before sending to the application.
The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

57/97
 Request body limits

Using FastCGI
with Apache mod fcgid is very aggressive in isolating the application
HTTP Server
2.4 from slow clients, to the extent that it will first read the
Jeff Trawick request body before sending to the application.
The world of
FcgidMaxRequestLen limits the amount of body that
FastCGI will be spooled; the request fails (500) if the body
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
exceeds this amount.
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

57/97
 Request body limits

Using FastCGI
with Apache mod fcgid is very aggressive in isolating the application
HTTP Server
2.4 from slow clients, to the extent that it will first read the
Jeff Trawick request body before sending to the application.
The world of
FcgidMaxRequestLen limits the amount of body that
FastCGI will be spooled; the request fails (500) if the body
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
exceeds this amount.
2.4 The default limit is 128K.
Choosing
Set this lower if you can.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Don’t trust the common WordPress configuration instructions
Other tools
that tell you to increase this to the max (denial of service),
PHP
but be aware that you may need to increase it to handle larger
Applications
and FastCGI
uploads with WordPress or any other application.
Future
Unfortunately this is a strike against cheaper web server
threads. 57/97
 Wrappers

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 a command which will run for certain requests — by
Jeff Trawick
container or extension
The world of
FastCGI
typically is outside of the web space
FastCGI with typically is a script which encapsulates command-line
Apache httpd
2.4 parameters and environment settings such as envvars and
Choosing ulimits
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi <Location /phpapp/>

mod authnz fcgi AddHandler fcgid-script .php
Other tools Options +ExecCGI
PHP FcgidWrapper /usr/local/bin/php-wrapper .php
Applications
and FastCGI </Location>
Future

58/97
 Command-specific options

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick Most directives apply to every app in a certain container

(vhost or per-dir).
The world of
FastCGI FcgidCmdOptions allows many directives to be applied for a
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
single specific command.
2.4

Choosing FcgidCmdOptions /path/to/info.pl \

mod fcgid IdleTimeout 30 \
mod proxy fcgi InitialEnv VHOST=www2.example.com \
mod authnz fcgi
IOTimeout 5 \
Other tools
MaxRequestsPerProcess 10000
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

59/97
 mod fcgid’s server status support

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 Jeff, this is where you show the sample server-status page.
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

60/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 Configuration of ASF FastCGI modules — mod proxy fcgi
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

61/97
 Simplest mod proxy fcgi

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
2.4
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
Jeff Trawick

The world of ProxyPass /app/ fcgi://127.0.0.1:10080/

FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
Not so interesting; just replace “http” in the usual pattern
2.4 with “fcgi”. There’s no need for ProxyPassReverse.
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

62/97
 Add load balancing

Using FastCGI
with Apache LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
HTTP Server
2.4
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
Jeff Trawick
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
The world of
FastCGI ProxyPass /app/ balancer://app-pool/
<Proxy balancer://app-pool/>
FastCGI with
Apache httpd BalancerMember fcgi://127.0.0.1:10080
2.4 BalancerMember fcgi://127.0.0.1:10081
Choosing </Proxy>
mod fcgid
Again, just replace “http” with “fcgi”.
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

63/97
 Use Unix sockets instead

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
2.4 LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
Jeff Trawick

ProxyPass /app/ unix:/var/run/FCGI/hello|fcgi://127.0.0.1/

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

64/97
 Add load balancing (again)

Using FastCGI
with Apache LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
HTTP Server
2.4
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
Jeff Trawick
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
The world of
FastCGI ProxyPass /app/ balancer://app-pool/
<Proxy balancer://app-pool/>
FastCGI with
Apache httpd BalancerMember unix:/var/run/FCGI/hello1|fcgi://127.0.0.1/
2.4 BalancerMember unix:/var/run/FCGI/hello2|fcgi://127.0.0.1/
Choosing </Proxy>
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

65/97
 Proxy examples showing important protocol data

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
We’ll use this configuration with a Perl FastCGI script that
FastCGI spits out important variables:
FastCGI with
Apache httpd ProxyPass /app1/ fcgi://127.0.0.1:10101/
2.4
ProxyPass /app2/ unix:/tmp/app2|fcgi://127.0.0.1:10102/
Choosing ProxyPass /app1a/ fcgi://127.0.0.1:10101/
mod fcgid <Location /app1a/>
mod proxy fcgi SetEnvIf Request_URI "." proxy-fcgi-pathinfo
mod authnz fcgi
</Location>
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

66/97
 The script

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4
This is essentially printenv for FastCGI, that only prints
Jeff Trawick
certain variables.
The world of
FastCGI #!/usr/bin/perl
FastCGI with use CGI::Fast;
Apache httpd
2.4 my %dumpme = ("SCRIPT_NAME" => 1, ...);
Choosing while (my $q = CGI::Fast->new) {
mod fcgid print "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n";
mod proxy fcgi foreach my $env (keys %ENV) {
mod authnz fcgi print "env $env = $ENV{$env}\n"
Other tools if $dumpme{$env};
PHP
Applications
}
and FastCGI
}
Future

67/97
 Running the script

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI $ spawn-fcgi -n -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10101 ./showenv.pl
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
...
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

$ spawn-fcgi -n -s /tmp/app2 ./showenv.pl
mod authnz fcgi
...
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

68/97
 http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/a/b/c?a=true

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
env SCRIPT_NAME = /app1/a/b/c
The world of
FastCGI env FCGI_ROLE = RESPONDER
FastCGI with env GATEWAY_INTERFACE = CGI/1.1
Apache httpd
2.4 env SERVER_PORT = 8080
Choosing env REQUEST_URI = /app1/a/b/c?a=true
mod fcgid env SERVER_ADDR = 127.0.0.1
mod proxy fcgi
env HTTP_HOST = 127.0.0.1:8080
mod authnz fcgi
env REQUEST_SCHEME = http
Other tools
env QUERY_STRING = a=true
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

69/97
 http://127.0.0.1:8080/app2/a/b/c?a=true

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
env SCRIPT_NAME = /app2/a/b/c
The world of
FastCGI env FCGI_ROLE = RESPONDER
FastCGI with env GATEWAY_INTERFACE = CGI/1.1
Apache httpd
2.4 env SERVER_PORT = 8080
Choosing env REQUEST_URI = /app2/a/b/c?a=true
mod fcgid env SERVER_ADDR = 127.0.0.1
mod proxy fcgi
env HTTP_HOST = 127.0.0.1:8080
mod authnz fcgi
env REQUEST_SCHEME = http
Other tools
env QUERY_STRING = a=true
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

70/97
 http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1a/a/b/c?a=true

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
env SCRIPT_NAME = /app1a
The world of env FCGI_ROLE = RESPONDER
FastCGI

FastCGI with
env GATEWAY_INTERFACE = CGI/1.1
Apache httpd
2.4
env SERVER_PORT = 8080
Choosing
env REQUEST_URI = /app1a/a/b/c?a=true
mod fcgid
env SERVER_ADDR = 127.0.0.1
mod proxy fcgi env HTTP_HOST = 127.0.0.1:8080
mod authnz fcgi env PATH_INFO = /a/b/c
Other tools env REQUEST_SCHEME = http
PHP env QUERY_STRING = a=true
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

71/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 Configuration of ASF FastCGI modules — mod authnz fcgi
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

72/97
 FastCGI AUTHORIZER

Using FastCGI
with Apache
This example uses the provider interface for collaboration with
HTTP Server other providers in more complex configurations.
2.4

Jeff Trawick
This is for a standard AUTHORIZER that will perform the
The world of
FastCGI
equivalent of authentication and authorization. (It will not see
FastCGI with
FCGI APACHE ROLE.)
Apache httpd
2.4
AuthnzFcgiDefineProvider authnz FooAuthnz fcgi://localhost:10103/
Choosing <Location /protected/>
mod fcgid AuthType Basic
mod proxy fcgi AuthName "Restricted"
mod authnz fcgi
AuthBasicProvider FooAuthnz
Require FooAuthnz
Other tools
</Location>
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI The mod authnz fcgi documentation has extensive examples, including
Future
FastCGI script source code which shows what information will be
available.
73/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with Managing external processes

Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid
(if you’re not using mod fcgid)
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

74/97
 Types of tools

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of A couple of tools shown here only get the application
FastCGI
processes started. They aren’t any help by themselves if the
FastCGI with
Apache httpd processes terminate unexpectedly.
2.4

Choosing A couple of other tools shown here can be used to control

mod fcgid lifecycle (potentially with the system lifecycle) and ensure
mod proxy fcgi
availability by reacting when the processes terminate
mod authnz fcgi
unexpectedly.
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

75/97
 fcgistarter

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick It only supports TCP/IP sockets, and only on Unix.

The world of In general this implements a rather basic subset of
FastCGI
features in spawn-fcgi (from the Lighttpd folks).
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4
On the bright side, it is bundled with httpd 2.4, and is
Choosing
thus always available for testing.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

$ fcgistarter -c $PWD/TestAuthn.pl -p 10000
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP The path to the application is resolved after changing

Applications
and FastCGI directory to /, so a fully-qualified path is required.
Future

76/97
 spawn-fcgi

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4 Notable features beyond fcgistarter:
Jeff Trawick
Unix socket support
The world of
FastCGI pid file support
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
no-fork mode for use with higher-level programs like
2.4 daemontools
Choosing
chroot, set user, set group, and other identity-related
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

features
mod authnz fcgi and better diagnostics messages
Other tools

PHP
$ spawn-fcgi -p 10000 TestAuthn.pl
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

77/97
 daemontools

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
Relatively popular for managing FastCGI applications
2.4
Create a service script for the application that
Jeff Trawick
daemontools can use to up application and
The world of
FastCGI
framework-specific envvars and start the application.
FastCGI with Use svc command to handle lifecycle (-u for up, -d for
Apache httpd
2.4 down).
Choosing

mod fcgid Example /etc/service/SERVICE-NAME/run:

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

#!/bin/sh
export PERL5LIB=/home/trawick/perl5/lib/perl5
Other tools
cd /tmp
PHP
Applications exec 2>&1
and FastCGI exec spawn-fcgi -p 10000 -u trawick -n \
Future /home/trawick/bin/TestAuthn.pl

78/97
 supervisor a.k.a. supervisord

Using FastCGI
with Apache Broadly similar to daemontools
HTTP Server
2.4 Can create sockets
Jeff Trawick
Knows about FastCGI in particular and groups of
The world of processes listening on the same socket
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd Example VIRTUALENV-ROOT/etc/supervisord.conf:
2.4

Choosing
[supervisord]
mod fcgid
[fcgi-program:testauthn]
mod proxy fcgi
command=/home/trawick/bin/TestAuthn.pl
mod authnz fcgi socket=tcp://localhost:10001
Other tools process_name=%(program_name)s_%(process_num)02d
PHP numprocs=4
Applications
and FastCGI
user=trawick
environment=PERL5LIB=/home/trawick/perl5/lib/perl5
Future
directory=/tmp

79/97
 PHP-FPM

Using FastCGI
with Apache Part of modern PHP distributions
HTTP Server
2.4 Configurable management of PHP FastCGI processes
Jeff Trawick php-fpm is alternative to php-cgi
The world of
FastCGI
pid = /var/log/httpd/php-fpm.pid
FastCGI with error_log = /var/log/httpd/php_error_log
Apache httpd
2.4
log_level = debug
Choosing listen = 127.0.0.1:8081
mod fcgid pm = dynamic
mod proxy fcgi pm.max_children = 20
mod authnz fcgi pm.min_spare_servers = 5
Other tools pm.max_spare_servers = 20
PHP
Applications
pm.max_requests = 0
and FastCGI user = george
Future group = ringo
80/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 API/protocol adapters
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

81/97
 API/protocol adapters

Using FastCGI Web applications written to some standard API may need an adapter
with Apache
HTTP Server to create a FastCGI protocol endpoint.
2.4

Jeff Trawick
A Django example, using flup for WSGI under the covers:
The world of
FastCGI $ ./manage.py runfcgi host=127.0.0.1 port=8000
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing
A Perl example, using plackup for PSGI:
mod fcgid
$ plackup -s FCGI --listen /var/run/FCGI/hello hello.psgi
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools You’ll probably need to use this in conjunction with a more
PHP general process management tool for reliability and lifecycle
Applications management.
and FastCGI

Future

82/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 PHP Applications and FastCGI
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

83/97
 PHP and FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Not at all uncommon...
The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
FastCGI has long been required or recommended for PHP with
Apache httpd
2.4 nginx
Choosing
Lighttpd
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

Zeus
mod authnz fcgi IIS
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

84/97
 PHP and FastCGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Not at all uncommon...
The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
FastCGI has long been required or recommended for PHP with
Apache httpd
2.4 nginx
Choosing
Lighttpd
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

Zeus
mod authnz fcgi IIS
Other tools

PHP
Can work fine with Apache httpd too
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

84/97
 PHP with mod fcgid

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server PHP FastCGI processes did exit after 500 requests
2.4

Jeff Trawick Now that is disabled by default with PHP-FPM

The world of
If you need to use the feature:
FastCGI

FastCGI with Synchronize mod fcgid and PHP limits to avoid 500 error.
Apache httpd
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

85/97
 PHP with mod fcgid

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server PHP FastCGI processes did exit after 500 requests
2.4

Jeff Trawick Now that is disabled by default with PHP-FPM

The world of
If you need to use the feature:
FastCGI

FastCGI with Synchronize mod fcgid and PHP limits to avoid 500 error.
Apache httpd
2.4
In PHP wrapper:
Choosing

mod fcgid PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=10000

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

85/97
 PHP with mod fcgid

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server PHP FastCGI processes did exit after 500 requests
2.4

Jeff Trawick Now that is disabled by default with PHP-FPM

The world of
If you need to use the feature:
FastCGI

FastCGI with Synchronize mod fcgid and PHP limits to avoid 500 error.
Apache httpd
2.4
In PHP wrapper:
Choosing

mod fcgid PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=10000

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi In PHP-FPM configuration:

Other tools
pm.max_requests = 10000
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

85/97
 PHP with mod fcgid

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server PHP FastCGI processes did exit after 500 requests
2.4

Jeff Trawick Now that is disabled by default with PHP-FPM

The world of
If you need to use the feature:
FastCGI

FastCGI with Synchronize mod fcgid and PHP limits to avoid 500 error.
Apache httpd
2.4
In PHP wrapper:
Choosing

mod fcgid PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=10000

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi In PHP-FPM configuration:

Other tools
pm.max_requests = 10000
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI
In fcgid configuration:
Future
FcgidMaxRequestsPerProcess 10000
85/97
 mod fcgid PHP limitation

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick PHP FastCGI process management ineffective (wasted)

with mod fcgid, which routes only single concurrent
The world of
FastCGI requests to the socket of a process which it has spawned.
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 PHP-FPM: If you need to use this for other reasons,
Choosing leave PHP child process management disabled:
mod fcgid pm static
mod proxy fcgi
pm.max_children 0
mod authnz fcgi

Other tools
PHP-CGI:
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI
PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=0
Future

86/97
 mod fcgid PHP limitation

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of But:

FastCGI

FastCGI with
With PHP process management, single cache can be
Apache httpd used concurrently by many processes.
2.4

Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

87/97
 mod fcgid PHP limitation

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of But:

FastCGI

FastCGI with
With PHP process management, single cache can be
Apache httpd used concurrently by many processes.
2.4

Choosing Without PHP child process management, PHP opcode

mod fcgid caches are not very effective. Cache is serially reused
mod proxy fcgi within single process when the same fcgid-spawned
mod authnz fcgi process handles another request.
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

87/97
 mod fcgid PHP difference

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with PHP flags in .htaccess files — no longer respected when

Apache httpd
2.4 you move from mod php to FastCGI
Choosing on Windows, mod php strips the drive letter from
mod fcgid SCRIPT NAME; mod fcgid doesn’t
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

88/97
 mod fcgid PHP example with PHP-CGI

Using FastCGI .conf:

with Apache
HTTP Server LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so
2.4

Jeff Trawick FcgidMaxRequestsPerProcess 5000

The world of
FastCGI
# Uncomment the following line if cgi.fix_pathinfo is set to 1 in
# php.ini:
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
# FcgidFixPathinfo 1
2.4

Choosing
Alias /php/ /home/trawick/myhg/apache/documents/AC2012EU/php/
<Directory /home/trawick/myhg/apache/documents/AC2012EU/php/>
mod fcgid
Options +ExecCGI
mod proxy fcgi AddHandler fcgid-script .php
mod authnz fcgi FcgidWrapper /home/trawick/myhg/apache/documents/AC2012EU/php-wrapper.sh
Require all granted
Other tools
</Directory>
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

89/97
 mod fcgid PHP example with PHP-CGI

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
Wrapper script:
The world of
FastCGI
#!/bin/sh
FastCGI with
Apache httpd export PHPRC=/home/trawick/myhg/\
2.4
apache/documents/AC2012EU/
Choosing
export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=5000
mod fcgid
export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=0
mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

exec /usr/bin/php-cgi
Other tools
and be sure to make this script executable
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

90/97
 PHP and mod proxy fcgi

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
General considerations:
The world of
FastCGI Use PHP-FPM — no limitations like you have with
FastCGI with mod fcgid.
Apache httpd
2.4 With most recent httpd 2.4.x on Unix, use Unix sockets
Choosing for better speed.
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Details of configuration:
Other tools

PHP
http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/PHP-FPM.
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

91/97
Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of
FastCGI

FastCGI with
Apache httpd
2.4 The future
Choosing

mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

mod authnz fcgi

Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

92/97
 Concern about mod fcgid

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick
My 2¢...
The world of
FastCGI mod fcgid’s inability to route more than one concurrent
FastCGI with
Apache httpd
request per spawned process affects its viability for PHP
2.4
deployments, a traditional area of strength.
Choosing
mod fcgid is not currently getting sufficient love to keep
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

up with bug reports, or resolve long-standing limitations.
mod authnz fcgi
A couple of more interested developers is required to keep
Other tools mod fcgid moving forward.
PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

93/97
 A potentially interesting path...

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick Hypothetical mod XXX that can manage application

processes
The world of
FastCGI Process lifetime fits within that of httpd
FastCGI with Configured in .conf
Apache httpd
2.4 Sets up listening sockets or pipes if needed
Choosing Same implementation, same configuration mechanism for
mod fcgid
command-line, ports, envvars, etc. regardless of protocol
mod proxy fcgi Other modules, such as mod proxy, should be able to
mod authnz fcgi symbolically reference the addresses of applications
Other tools managed by mod XXX to avoid duplicating that aspect
PHP
Applications
of the configuration.
and FastCGI

Future

94/97
 A potentially interesting path...

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick Or...

The world of mod XXX can issue commands to a more general
FastCGI
purpose process manager like daemontools or supervisord
FastCGI with
Apache httpd to bring up the application processes with server startup
2.4
and vice versa on server termination.
Choosing

mod fcgid
Since in this case mod XXX would not own the
mod proxy fcgi configuration for the application processes, other
mod authnz fcgi mod proxy or other httpd modules probably wouldn’t be
Other tools able to symbolically reference aspects of the
PHP configuration.
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

95/97
 More information about the ASF modules

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
Documentation:
2.4
http://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/mod/mod_
Jeff Trawick
fcgid.html
The world of
FastCGI http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_
FastCGI with proxy_fcgi.html
Apache httpd
2.4 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/mod/mod_
Choosing
authnz_fcgi.html
mod fcgid

mod proxy fcgi

http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/PHP-FPM
mod authnz fcgi Mailing lists:
Other tools User support:
PHP
Applications
http://httpd.apache.org/userslist.html
and FastCGI
Development:
Future
http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html#http-dev
96/97
 More general information

Using FastCGI
with Apache
HTTP Server
2.4

Jeff Trawick

The world of ApacheCon NA 2010 preso with more information on

FastCGI

FastCGI with
mod fcgid and (versus) mod fastcgi: http://people.
Apache httpd
2.4
apache.org/~trawick/AC2010-FastCGI.pdf
Choosing ApacheCon EU 2012 preso with information on
mod fcgid interfacing with more types of external application
mod proxy fcgi processes: http://people.apache.org/~trawick/
mod authnz fcgi AC2012EU-Apps.pdf
Other tools

PHP
Applications
and FastCGI

Future

97/97