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UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMAS

DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍAS
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
Asignatura: TERMODINÁMICA
L.M. ARIZA

TALLER SEGUNDA LEY


1. Determine the heat to be supplied to a Carnot engine operating between 400oC and 15oC and producing 200 kJ of
work

T
°C K
1 400 673
2 15 288

W = Q1 – Q2
Q1 = T1 ; Q2 = T2
673 (𝑄2)
Q1 =
288
Q1 – Q2 = 200 kJ
Q1 = 349.6 kJ
Q2 = 149.6 kJ

2. A refrigerator operates on reversed Carnot cycle. Determine the power required to drive refrigerator between
temperatures of 42oC and 4oC if heat at the rate of 2 kJ/s is extracted from the low temperature region

T
°C K
1 42 315
2 15 277

𝑄1 𝑇1
=
𝑄2 𝑇2
𝑄1 315
=
2 277
Q1 = 2.274 kJ/s
W = Q1 – Q2
W = 0.274 – 2 = 0.274 kW

3. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at 827oC and 27oC. Engine drives a Carnot refrigerator
maintaining –13oC and rejecting heat to reservoir at 27oC. Heat input to the engine is 2000 kJ and the net work
available is 300 kJ. How much heat is transferred to refrigerant and total heat rejected to reservoir at 27oC?

T
°C K
1 827 1100
2 27 300
3 -13 260
4 27 300

𝑄1 𝑇1
=
𝑄2 𝑇2
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UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMAS
DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍAS
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
Asignatura: TERMODINÁMICA
L.M. ARIZA

2000 1100
=
𝑄2 300
2000(300)
𝑄2 = = 545.45 𝑘𝐽
1100
W = Q1 – Q2 = 2000- 545.45 = 1454.55 kJ
𝑄3 260
=
𝑄4 300
W2 = Q4 – Q3
W – W2 = 300 kJ ⟶ W2 = 1454.55 kJ – 300 kJ = 1154.55 kJ
Q4 = 1154.55 kJ + Q3
𝑄3 260
=
1154.55 𝑘𝐽 + 𝑄3 300
Q3 = 7504.58 kJ
Q4 = 8659.13 kJ
Q2 + Q4 = 9204.7 kJ

4. In a winter season when outside temperature is –1 oC, the inside of house is to be maintained at 25oC. Estimate
the minimum power required to run the heat pump of maintaining the temperature. Assume heating load as 125
MJ/h.
T Q (MJ/h)
°C K
1 25 298 125
2 -1 272

𝑄1 1
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃 = =
𝑊 (1 − 𝑄2)
𝑄1
𝑄1 298
=
𝑄2 272
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃 = 11.47
𝑄1 125 𝑀𝐽
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃 = →𝑊= = 10.897 = 3.02 𝑘𝑊
𝑊 11.4 ℎ

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UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMAS
DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍAS
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
Asignatura: TERMODINÁMICA
L.M. ARIZA

5. A cold storage plant of 40 tons of refrigeration capacity runs with its performance just 1/4 th of its Carnot COP.
Inside temperature is –15oC and atmospheric temperature is 35oC. Determine the power required to run the plant

T Q (MJ/h)
°C K
1 35 308
2 -15 258 140.8

1
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = 5.18
308
(1 − )
258
5.18
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = 1.295
4
𝑄2
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = 108.73 𝑘𝑊
𝑊

6. A domestic refrigerator maintains temperature of – 8 oC when the atmospheric air temperature is 27oC. Assuming
the leakage of 7.5 kJ/min from outside to refrigerator determine power required to run this refrigerator. Consider
refrigerator as Carnot refrigerator.
T Q (kJ/min)
°C K
1 27 300
2 -8 268 7.5

0.125 265 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = = 0.0165
𝑊 300 − 265 𝑠

7. Three reversible engines of Carnot type are operating in series as shown between the limiting temperatures of
1100 K and 300 K. Determine the intermediate temperatures if the work output from engines is in proportion of 3
: 2 : 1.
𝑊1 𝑇2 1100𝑊1
= (1 − ) → 𝑄1 =
𝑄1 1100 1100 − 𝑇2
𝑊2 𝑇3
= (1 − )
𝑄2 𝑇2
𝑊3 300
= (1 − )
𝑄3 𝑇3
Q1 = W1 +Q2

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UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMAS
DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍAS
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
Asignatura: TERMODINÁMICA
L.M. ARIZA

1100 𝑊1 𝑇2
𝑄1 = (𝑊1 − ) = 𝑊1( )
1100 − 𝑇2 1100 − 𝑇2

𝑊2 𝑇3
= (1 − )
𝑇2 𝑇2
𝑊1 (1100 − 𝑇2)

𝑊2 𝑇2 𝑇3 𝑇3
= (𝑇2 − ) = 𝑇2 −
𝑊1 1100 − 𝑇2 𝑇2 1100 − 𝑇2
2 𝑇2 − 𝑇3
=
3 1100 − 𝑇2
2200 – 2T2 = 3T2 – 3T3
5 T2 – 3 T3 = 2200
Q2 = W2 + Q3
𝑊2 𝑇2 − 𝑇3
=
𝑊2 + 𝑄3 𝑇2
W2 T2 = (W2 + Q3) (T2 – T3)
𝑊2 𝑇3
𝑄3 =
𝑇2 − 𝑇3
𝑊3 𝑇3 − 300
=
𝑊2 𝑇3 𝑇3
𝑇2 − 𝑇3
𝑊3 𝑇3 𝑇3 − 300
=( )( )
𝑊2 𝑇2 − 𝑇3 𝑇3
1 𝑇3 − 300
=
2 𝑇2 − 𝑇2
3T3 – T2 = 600
T2 = 700 K
T3 = 433 K

8. A Carnot engine getting heat at 800 K is used to drive a Carnot refrigerator maintaining 280 K temperature. Both
engine and refrigerator reject heat at some temperature, T, when heat given to engine is equal to heat absorbed by
refrigerator. Determine efficiency of engine and C.O.P. of refrigerator

𝑊 800 − 𝑇
=( )
𝑄1 800
𝑄3 280
=
𝑊 𝑇 − 280

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UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMAS
DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍAS
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
Asignatura: TERMODINÁMICA
L.M. ARIZA

Q1 = Q3 = Q
𝑊 800 − 𝑇
=( )
𝑄 800
𝑄 280
=( )
𝑊 𝑇 − 280
280 800 − 𝑇
( )=( )
𝑇 − 280 800
T = 417. 82 K
800 − 417.82
( ) = 0.536
800
280
( ) = 2.127
417.82 − 280

9. 0.5 kg of air executes a Carnot power cycle having a thermal efficiency of 50%. The heat transfer to the air during
isothermal expansion is 40 kJ. At the beginning of the isothermal expansion the pressure is 7 bar and the volume is
0.12 m3 . Determine the maximum and minimum temperatures for the cycle in Kelvin, the volume at the end of
isothermal expansion in m3 , and the work and heat transfer for each of the four processes in kJ. For air cP = 1.008
kJ/kg. K, cv= 0.721 kJ/kg. K

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