Winter 2017: ECE666 Power Systems Operation

Assignment-3
Submission due: Wednesday 4th April 2018, 4:30 PM
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Question-1: A 4-area inter-connected power system is shown below. A transaction of 1000 MW
takes place between two parties, injecting in area-1 and extracting in area-4. In each area, the
flows on the “limiting facilities”, arising from this transaction, are shown in the parenthesis.
10
00
M
W

Area-1 Area-3
80%
(5%) (14%)

20

90
% %
15

%
Area-2 Area-4
10%
(10%) (11%)

10
00
M
W
The available loading capacity (ALC) on each limiting facilities are given as under:
Facility ALC Facility ALC
Area-1 70 MW Tie 1-2 400 MW
Area-2 200 MW Tie 1-3 1200 MW
Area-3 130 MW Tie 2-3 250 MW
Area-4 175 MW Tie 2-4 200 MW
Tie 3-4 900 MW
a. Determine if the above transaction is feasible.
b. Otherwise determine the ATC for the interconnection, and which facility determines the
ATC value in this case.

Question-2:
Area-A Area-B

Load = 3,500 MW Load = 6,000 MW

Generation = 3,000 MW Generation = 6,500 MW

Consider a 2-area, 60 Hz system shown in the figure above. Area-A has a total load of 3500 MW
and a generation of 3000 MW, and a total spinning reserve of 700 MW. Area-B has a total load
of 6,000 MW, total generation of 6,500 MW and a total spinning reserve of 1000 MW. The
following parameters are given:
D1 = 1%, D2 = 1.5%, R1 = 6%, R2 = 5%, B1 = 120 MW/0.1Hz, B2 = 200 MW/0.1Hz.
Find the steady state frequency, generation and load in each area and tie-line power for the
following cases:
i. A sudden decrease of 100 MW load in Area-A when the system is only on primary regulation.
ii. Loss of 100 MW load in Area-A. The units carrying spinning reserve in each area are on AGC.

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Question-3: Consider the 3-area, 60 Hz system, shown below.
a. Find the scheduled interchange between the three areas.
b. There is a sudden load interruption of 500 MW in Area-1. All the three systems are on
primary regulation only. Find the operating condition of each area (tie line flows, steady-
state frequency, generation and load condition) after the disturbance.

Area-1 Area-2
Load = 5,000 MW Load = 9,600 MW
Generation = 5,700 MW Generation = 9,200 MW
Spinning Reserve = 500 MW Spinning Reserve = 600 MW
R = 5%, D = 1% R = 6%, D = 2%

Area-3
Load = 7,600 MW
Generation = 7,300 MW
Spinning Reserve = 400 MW
R = 6%, D = 1.5%

Question-4: Utility-A has there generators Gen-1, Gen-2 and Gen-3 whose generating capacity
and forced outage rates (FOR) are given as under:

Capacity, FOR Innage

MW
Gen-1 200 0.05 0.95
Gen-2 250 0.03 0.97
Gen-3 400 0.04 0.96

Determine the cumulative outage probability table and hence the LOLP using the convolution
algorithm for a load of (i) 700 MW (ii) 600 MW and (iii) 550 MW.

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