ĐẠI HỌC ĐÀ NẴNG

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM

KHOA VẬT LÝ

BÀI TẬP VẬT LÝ 3 CLC

(DAO ĐỘNG, QUANG,
VÀ VẬT LÝ HIỆN ĐẠI)

DÙNG CHO SINH VIÊN KHỐI CLC

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA

LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ

Đà Nẵng, 2017-2018

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2
 Translate to Vietnamese and solve following problems

CHAPTER 1: WAVE MOTION

(No problem)
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CHAPTER 2: SUPERPOSITION AND STANDING WAVES

2.1. A transverse wave of frequency 40 Hz propagates down a string. Two points 5cm
apart are out of phase by π/6.
a) What is the wavelength of the wave?
b) At a given point, what is the phase difference between two displacements for
times 5ms apart?
c) What is the wave velocity?
Ans: a) λ = 60cm; b) Δ = 0,4πrad: c) 24m/s.
2.2. The normal range of hearing is about 20 to 20000Hz. What is the greatest length of
an organ pipe that would have its fundamental mode in this range if:
a) It is closed at one end?
b) It is open at both ends?
Ans: a) L = 4,25m; b) L = 8,5m.
2.3 Two speakers separated by some distance emit sound waves of the same frequency,
but the speakers are out of phase by 900.Let r1 be the distance from some point to
speaker 1 and r2 be the distance from that point to speaker 2. Find the smallest value of r2
- r1 such that the sound at that point will be
a) Maximum.
b) Minimum. (Express your answers in term of the wavelength)
Ans: a) Δr = λ/4; b) Δr = 3λ/4.
2.4 A 460Hz tuning fork causes resonance in the tube, whose length L can be adjusted
by the water level. Two successive resonances are found when the top of the tube is at
distances L1 = 18,3cm and L2 = 55,8cm above the water surface.
a) Find the speed of the sound in air
b) Note that the antinode does not occur exactly at the top of the tube because of the
end correction. Find the end correction.
Ans: a) v = 345m/s; ΔL = 0,45cm.
2.5 A violin string of length 40cm and mass 1,2g has a frequency of 500 Hz when it is
vibrating in its fundamental mode.
a) What is the wavelength of the standing wave on the string?
b) What is the tension in the string?
c) Where should you place your finger to increase the frequency to 650 Hz.
Ans: a) λ = 0,8m; b) F = 480N; c) 9,2cm from the end.
2.6. Two sound sources oscillate in phase. At a point 5m from one sources and 5,17m
from the other, the amplitude of the sound from each source separately is p0. Find the

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amplitude of the resultant wave if the frequency of the sound waves is: a) 1000Hz; b)
2000Hz; c)500Hz. ( Use 340m/s for the speed of the sound)
Ans: a) A = 0; b) A = 2p0 ; c) A = 1,41p0
2.7. A glass tube is open at one end and closed at the other (by a movable piston). The
tube is filled with 300 C air, and a 384 Hz tuning fork is held at the open end. Resonance
is heard when the piston is 22,8cm from the open end and again when it is 68,3cm from
the open end.
a) What speed of sound is implied by these data?
b) Where would the piston be for the next resonance?
Ans: a) v = 349,44m/s; L = 113,8cm.
2.8. A string with mass density of 4.10-3 kg/m is under a tension of 360N and is fixed at
both ends. One of its resonance frequencies is 375 Hz. The next higher resonance
frequency is 450 Hz.
a) What is the fundamental frequency of the string?
b) Which harmonics are the ones given?
c) What is the length of the string?
Ans: a) 75 Hz; b) 5th, 7th ; c) 2m. .
2-9. A rubber band with an unstretched length of 0,8m and a mass of 6.10-3kg stretches to
1,2m when under a tension of 7,6N. Assume that the rubber band behave like an ideal
spring.
a) What is the fundamental frequency of oscillation of this band when stretched
between two fixed posts 1,2m apart?
b) What should be the separation between the fixed ends of the rubber band so that it
will vibrate with a fundamental frequency of 21 Hz?
Ans: a) 16,2Hz; b) L = 1,82m.
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 CHAPTER 3: WAVE OPTICS

3.1. In Figure below, let L = 1.20 m and d = 0.120 mm and assume the slit system is
illuminated with monochromatic 500-nm light. Calculate the phase difference between
the two wave fronts arriving at P when (a)  = 0.500° and (b) y = 5.00 mm. (c) What is
the value of  for which the phase difference is 0.333 rad? (d) What is the value of  for
which the path difference is /4?

Đáp án: (a) 13.2 rad (b) 6.28 rad (c) 1.27×10-2 (d) 5.97×10-2
3.2. Two narrow, parallel slits separated by 0.850 mm are illuminated by 600-nm light,
and the viewing screen is 2.80 m away from the slits. (a) What is the phase difference
between the two interfering waves on a screen at a point 2.50 mm from the central bright
fringe? (b) What is the ratio of the intensity at this point to the intensity at the center of a
bright fringe?
Đáp án: (a) 7.95 rad (b) 0.453
3.3. A thin film of oil (n = 1.25) is located on smooth, wet pavement. When viewed
perpendicular to the pavement, the film reflects most strongly red light at 640 nm and
reflects no green light at 512 nm. How thick is the oil film?
Đáp án: 512 nm
3.4. An air wedge is formed between two glass plates separated by a very fine wire of
circular cross section as shown in Figure 2. When the wedge is illuminated from above
by 600-nm light and viewed from above, 30 dark fringes are observed. Calculate the
diameter d of the wire.

Figure 2
Đáp án: 8.70 µm
3.5. When a liquid is introduced into the air space between the lens and the plate in a
Newton’s-rings apparatus, the diameter of the tenth ring changes from 1.50 to 1.31 cm.
Find the index of refraction of the liquid.
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Đáp án: n = 1.31
3.6. In a Newton’s-rings experiment, a plano-convex glass (n = 1.52) lens having radius r
= 5.00 cm is placed on a flat plate as shown in Figure 3. When light of wavelength  =
650 nm is incident normally, 55 bright rings are observed, with the last one precisely on
the edge of the lens. (a) What is the radius R of curvature of the convex surface of the
lens? (b) What is the focal length of the lens?
Đáp án: (a) 70.6 m (b) 136 m

Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

3.7. A lens made of glass (n = 1.52) is coated with a thin film of MgF2 (n = 1.38) of
thickness t. Visible light is incident normally on the coated lens as in Figure 4. (a) For
what minimum value of t will the reflected light of wavelength 540 nm (in air) be
missing? (b) Are there other values of t that will minimize the reflected light at this
wavelength? Explain.
1
Đáp án: (a) 97.8 nm (b) Yes. 2𝑛𝑡 = (𝑚 + )
2

3.8. Mirror in Figure 5 is moved through a displacement L. During this displacement,
250 fringe reversals (formation of successive dark or bright bands) are counted. The light
being used has a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Calculate the displacement L.
Đáp án: 39.6 µm

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 CHAPTER 4: DIFFRACTION PATTERNS AND POLARIZATION

4.1. A beam of monochromatic light is incident on a single slit of width 0.600 mm. A
diffraction pattern forms on a wall 1.30 m beyond the slit. The distance between the
positions of zero intensity on both sides of the central maximum is 2.00 mm. Calculate
the wavelength of the light.
Ans.: 𝜆 = 462 nm
4.2. Light of wavelength 585 nm falls on a slit 0.0666 mm wide. (a) On a very large and
distant screen, how many totally dark fringes (indicating complete cancellation) will
there be, including both sides of the central bright spot? (b) At what angle will the dark
fringe that is most distant from the central bright fringe occur?
Ans.: a) N = 226 vân; b) 𝜃 = ±83.0o
4.3. Laser light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is directed through one slit and allowed to
fall on a screen 2.60 m beyond. Figure below shows the pattern on the screen, with a
centimeter ruler below it. Find the width of the slit.

Ans.: b = 0,12 mm
4.4. A diffraction grating has 4200 rulings/cm. On a screen 2.00 m from the grating, it is
found that for a particular order k, the maxima corresponding to two closely spaced
wavelengths of sodium (589.0 nm and 589.6 nm) are separated by 1.54 mm. Determine
the value of k.
Ans.: k = 2
4.5. The hydrogen spectrum includes a red line at 656 nm and a blue-violet line at 434
nm. What are the angular separations between these two spectral lines for all visible
orders obtained with a diffraction grating that has 4500 grooves/cm?
Ans.: Δ𝜃1 = 5,91𝑜 , Δ𝜃2 = 13,2𝑜 , Δ𝜃3 = 26,5𝑜
4.6. A beam of 541-nm light is incident on a diffraction grating that has 400 grooves/mm.
(a) Determine the angle of the second-order ray. (b) If the entire apparatus is immersed in
water, what is the new second-order angle of diffraction?
Ans.: a) 𝜃 = 25,6𝑜 ; b) 𝜃 = 18,9𝑜
4.7. Light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating. If the
third-order maximum of the diffraction pattern is observed at 32.0°, (a) what is the

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number of rulings per centimeter for the grating? (b) Determine the total number of
primary maxima that can be observed in this situation.
Ans.: a) n = 3530 vạch/cm; b) N = 11
4.8. Light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating. If the
third-order maximum of the diffraction pattern is observed at 32.0°, (a) what is the
number of rulings per centimeter for the grating? (b) Determine the total number of
primary maxima that can be observed in this situation.
Ans.: a) n = 3530 khe/cm; b) N = 11 vân
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 CHAPTER 5: RELATIVITY

5.1. The average lifetime of a pi meson in its own frame of reference (i.e., the proper
lifetime) is 2.6 × 10−8 s. If the meson moves with a speed of 0.98c, what is (a) its mean
lifetime as measured by an observer on Earth, and (b) the average distance it travels
before decaying, as measured by an observer on Earth? (c) What distance would it travel
if time dilation did not occur?
Ans. a) 1.3 × 10−7 s, b) 38 m, c) 7.6 m
5.2. A fellow astronaut passes by you in a spacecraft traveling at a high speed. The
astronaut tells you that his craft is 20.0 m long and that the identical craft you are sitting
in is 19.0 m long. According to your observations, (a) how long is your craft, (b) how
long is the astronaut’s craft, and (c) what is the speed of the astronaut’s craft relative to
your craft?
Ans. 𝑣 = 0.312c
5.3. A spacecraft with a proper length of 300 m passes by an observer on the Earth.
According to this observer, it takes 0.750 𝜇s for the spacecraft to pass a fixed point.
Determine the speed of the spacecraft as measured by the Earth-based observer.
Ans. 𝑣 = 0,800c
5.4. A golf ball travels with a speed of 90.0 m/s. By what fraction does its relativistic
𝑝−𝑚𝑢
momentum magnitude 𝑝 differ from its classical value 𝑚𝑢? That is, find the ratio .
𝑚𝑢

Ans. 4.51× 10−14

5.5. A proton moves at 0.950c. Calculate its (a) rest energy, (b) total energy, and (c)
kinetic energy.
Ans. (a) 938 𝑀𝑒𝑉, (b) 3.00 GeV, (c) 2.07 GeV
5.6. The rest energy of an electron is 0.511 MeV. The rest energy of a proton is 938
MeV. Assume both particles have kinetic energies of 2.00 MeV. Find the speed of (a) the
electron and (b) the proton. (c) By what factor does the speed of the electron exceed that
of the proton?
Ans. (a)0.979c, (b) 0,065 c, (c) 15
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 CHAPTER 6: INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM PHYSICS

6.1. The human eye is most sensitive to 560-nm (green) light. What is the temperature of
a black body that would radiate most intensely at this wavelength?
6.2. The radius of our Sun is 6.96×108 m, and its total power output is 3.85×1026 W.
a) Assuming the Sun’s surface emits as a black body, calculate its surface temperature.
b) Using the result of part (a), find max for the Sun.
6.3. What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated from rest through a
potential difference of 50.0 V and 50. 0 kV?
6.4. Consider a black body of surface area 20.0 cm2 and temperature 5000 K.
a) How much power does it radiate?
b) At what wavelength does is radiate most intensely?
6.5. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for an electron (me = 9.11 51 10-31 kg) moving
at 1.00  107 m/s. A rock of mass 50 g is thrown with a speed of 40 m/s. What is its de
Broglie wavelength?
6.6. An electron and a 0.020 0-kg bullet each have a velocity of magnitude 500 m/s,
accurate to within 0.010 0%. Within what lower limit could we determine the position of
each object along the direction of the velocity?
6.7. The average lifetime of a muon is about 2 s. Estimate the minimum uncertainty in
the rest energy of a muon.
6.8. A 0.500 kg block rests on the frictionless, icy surface of a frozen pond. If the
location of the block is measured to a precision of 0,15 cm and its mass is known exactly,
what is the minimum uncertainty in the block’s speed?
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 CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM MECHANICS

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7.1. A free electron has a wave function 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 𝑖(5.00×10 𝑥) , where 𝑥 is in meters.
Find its (a) de Broglie wavelength, (b) momentum, and (c) kinetic energy in electron
volts.
Ans. (a)1.26 × 10−10 𝑚, (b) 5.27 × 10−24 𝑘𝑔. 𝑚/𝑠, (c) 95.3 eV
7.2. The wave function for a quantum particle is given by 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑥 between 𝑥 = 0 and
𝑥 = 1.00, and 𝜓(𝑥) = 0 elsewhere. Find (a) the value of the normalization constant 𝐴,
(b) the probability that the particle will be found between 𝑥 = 0.300 and 𝑥 = 0.400, and
(c) the expectation value of the particle’s position.

Ans. (a)𝐴 = √3, (b) 0.037, (c) 0.750

7.3. An electron that has an energy of approximately 6 eV moves between infinitely high
walls 1.00 nm apart. Find (a) the quantum number 𝑛 for the energy state the electron
occupies and (b) the precise energy of the electron.
Ans. (a) 𝑛 = 4, (b) 6.03 eV
7.4. A ruby laser emits 694.3-nm light. Assume light of this wavelength is due to a
transition of an electron in a box from its 𝑛 = 2 state to its 𝑛 = 1 state. Find the length of
the box.
Ans. 0.795 nm
7.5. The nuclear potential energy that binds protons and neutrons in a nucleus is often
approximated by a square well. Imagine a proton confined in an infinitely high square
well of length 10.0 fm, a typical nuclear diameter. Assuming the proton makes a
transition from the 𝑛 = 2 state to the ground state, calculate (a) the energy and (b) the
wavelength of the emitted photon.
Ans. (a) 6.14 MeV, (b) 202 fm
7.6. A 4.00-g particle confined to a box of length 𝐿 has a speed of 1.00 mm/s. (a) What is
the classical kinetic energy of the particle? (b) If the energy of the first excited state
(𝑛 = 2) is equal to the kinetic energy found in part (a), what is the value of 𝐿? (c) Is the
result found in part (b) realistic? Explain.
Ans. (a)2.00 × 10−9 𝐽, (b) 1.66 × 10−28 𝑚, (c) no
7.7. A photon with wavelength 𝜆 is absorbed by an electron confined to a box. As a
result, the electron moves from state 𝑛 = 1 to 𝑛 = 4. (a) Find the length of the box. (b)
What is the wavelength 𝜆′ of the photon emitted in the transition of that electron from the
state 𝑛 = 4 to the state 𝑛 = 2?
15ℎ𝜆
Ans. (a) 𝐿 = √ , (b) 𝜆′ = 1.25𝜆
8𝑚𝑒 𝑐

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7.8. A quantum particle is described by the wave function
2𝜋𝑥 𝐿 𝐿
𝜓(𝑥) = {𝐴 cos 𝐿
𝑓𝑜𝑟 −
4
≤𝑥≤
4
0 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
(a) Determine the normalization constant A. (b) What is the probability that the particle
will be found between 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 𝐿/8 if its position is measured?
2
Ans. (a) 𝐴 = , (b) 0.409
√𝐿

7.9. A quantum particle in finitiely deep square well has a wave function given by
2𝜋𝑥
𝜓(𝑥) = √2/𝐿 sin
𝐿
for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝐿 and zero otherwise. (a) Determine the expectation value of 𝑥. (b)
Determine the probability of finding the particle near 𝐿/2 by calculating the probability
that the particle lies in the range 0.490𝐿 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0. 510𝐿.
Ans. (a) 𝐿/2, (b) 5.26 ×−5
7.10. In a region of space, a quantum particle with zero total energy has a wave function
2 2
𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 /𝐿 . Find the potential energy 𝑈 as a function of 𝑥.
ℏ2 4𝑥 2
Ans. 𝑈(𝑥) = 2
( − 6)
2𝑚𝐿 𝐿2

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 CHAPTER 8: ATOMIC PHYSICS

8.1. The wavelengths of the Lyman series for hydrogen are given by:
1 1
= 𝑅𝐻 (1 − 2 ) , 𝑛 = 2, 3, 4, …
𝜆 𝑛
(a) Calculate the wavelengths of the first three lines in this series. (b) Identify the region
of the electromagnetic spectrum in which these lines appear.
8.2. In the Rutherford scattering experiment, 4.00-MeV alpha particles scatter off gold
nuclei (con- taining 79 protons and 118 neutrons). Assume a particular alpha particle
moves directly toward the gold nucleus and scatters backward at 180°, and that the gold
nucleus remains fixed throughout the entire process. Determine (a) the distance of closest
approach of the alpha particle to the gold nucleus and (b) the maximum force exerted on
the alpha particle.
8.3. The Balmer series for the hydrogen atom corre- sponds to electronic transitions that
terminate in the state with quantum number n = 2 as shown in Figure below. Consider the
photon of longest wavelength cor- responding to a transition shown in the figure.
Determine (a) its energy and (b) its wavelength. Consider the spectral line of shortest
wavelength corresponding to a transition shown in the figure. Find (c) its photon energy
and (d) its wavelength. (e) What is the shortest possible wavelength in the Balmer series?

8.4. A hydrogen atom is in its first excited state (n = 2). Calculate (a) the radius of the
orbit, (b) the linear momentum of the electron, (c) the angular momentum of the electron,
(d) the kinetic energy of the electron, (e) the potential energy of the system, and (f) the
total energy of the system.
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