Chapter I

Introduction

It is a great achievement and fulfillment not just only for the students but also
for their diplomas in their graduation. Hard work, tiredness, and stress have been paid.
But as a journeys ends new chapter will starts again at the time, they’ll think what will
happen next after graduation. Their decision-making can be applied in choosing their
future career. It’s not like a game that they will pick what they want and that’s it.
Deciding what career they want to engage is a serious matter. Their future depends on
it. The wiser decisions they make the better their lives will become. But failure to make
right decisions often leads to downfall. By the time they graduated senior high school
they will face another challenge. It is to face one of the crucial decisions in their lives.
And that is to decide what career they will become in future. Questions are circling their
in minds, will immediately look for a job will they continue their studies or will they put
up a business or maybe attend more training to add more knowledge’s and require
national certificates.

In 2012, k-12 program has been implemented. This covers kindergarten and 12
years of basic educations. The additional two years in high school will prepare the
students on how to be practical in their life. Senior high school studying will engaged in
some activities or real-life situation that can them students go out in their comfort
zones, discover their self, develop and enhance their skills and abilities to improve
more. This will help them in their chosen career after they graduated high school

According to k-12 programs provides a sufficient time for mastery of concepts

and skills develop life-long learners and prepare graduates for tertiary education,
middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurships. It is not for the
teacher to teach but it is for the students to choose what career path they want to
Statement of the problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the student’s preferences after they
graduated senior high school. Specifically this will answer the following questions.

1. What are the plans of SHS students after graduation?

To employ in work

To indulge in work

To enroll in college

To upgrade higher skills

2. What are the considerations in choosing the path?

Parent’s advice

Friends influence

Financial assistance

Personal choice

Other please specify_______________

3. How does choosing the path affect the students as an individual?

Scope and Delimitation

The study will focus on the selected grade 12 of Union National High School.
This study aim to know the chosen career they want to go after graduating SHS
this year 2018-2019.

Significance of the Study

This study considered significant to the following:

For the students, this research informs the students about various careers
they might choose and can be a guide in choosing career path in the future.

For the parents, this study will help then know more about the various
career path their children wants to go. Through so that they can give advice to
their children.

For the teachers, it can help them in guiding the students to the
advantages of the different SHS exist after Grade 12.

For the future researcher, this study can be a basis or a guide when they
are about to conduct research about careers.
Definition of terms

Career path – the career choice that you want after graduation

Decision –making – the action or process of making decision, especially

important ones

Employment –seeking gainful employment, the state of being employed

Entrepreneurship – operating a business/ enterprise/corporation

K-12 program –an advance learning education program

Middle-level skills - jobs-those that require more education and training than a
high school diploma but

Tertiary Education- third rank, higher degree of education.

 Chapter II

Review of related literature

The review of related literature of this research study focuses on the career path
that the graduating students might take and the factors, considerations and reasons
behind their decisions. The information showed in this section was based on the studies
of the renowned authors that conducted their own research. That helps or support
present researchers on the study towards the career preferences.

Career

According to Geciki (2002) career is the occupational, commercial or industrial

activity that a person may adopt during his educational life or in some other part or till
his death.

Redman and Wilkinson (2001) clarifies career as the application of a person’s

cognition and capabilities, providing command over profession, timely work expertise
and a basis of developing and bettering business networks. Individuals chose career
planning to pursue the professional objectives, getting informed about upcoming
opportunities, their results and their timely evaluations.

Career planning done on individual basis is a plan as to how an individual would

foster in his profession. As regards the organizational level, it talks about promotional
aspects together with personal development quadrant. So briefly career planning is the
process whereby the individual himself or his organization helps in pursuing his growth
objectives in conformity with his expertise in the area, capabilities and aims
(Bayraktaroğlu, 2011).
 According to the theory of vocational development by Super (2005), the student
should first become aware of the need for a career. So very graduating students needs
a wise choice in decision making.

Bautista (1997) stated that at this stage, a student must take important and vita
decision in the selection of a career which will determine his future success.

Factors, Considerations, and Reasons in Choosing Career

Hairston (2000) stated that among the factors that influence career choice among
the students, family members particularly parents are the most influential determinant
of career plans, occupational aspirations and occupational expectations. Thus he
concluded that parents play a vital role in influencing the career choices among the
undergraduate students.

According to Schultheisis et al. (2001) sibling’s relationships are having significant

influence on the student’s career preference. Emotional support, providing additional
career information and encouragement to make decisions are the areas in which
siblings influence the career preferences of the students.

Hewitt (2010) states that factors influencing career preference can be either
intrinsic or extrinsic or both. He further states that most of the students are influenced
by careers that their parents favor. Others follow the careers that their educational
choices have opened for them. Still, others choose a particular career because they will
give high income.

Gathiagia (2011) reported that over 71 per cent of the career choice decisions made by
the students were based on their academic abilities, family influence and peer pressure.

Edwards and Migunde (2011) reported that the student’s career choices are
influenced by numerous factors including individual variants such as Gender, personal
interests, learning experiences, and personal contacts. He also stated that family
members are more influential in students’ career choices than any other persons. There
were no variations in the level of influence that each person had on students’ career
choice by gender.

Choices that people make related to their career can be categorized to be

influenced by two factors that are psychological and social. Social factors are part of an
individual’s social bonds, their parents, family, history and other characteristics of their
environment. Psychological factors can be an individual’s perception, cognitive and
effective intentions, beliefs, ideas, personality and assessments related to forthcoming
business environment (Ozen, 2011).

Keller (2004) conducted a study on 300 middle school students in rural and urban
areas to explore the interaction between family and career factors. Using the Career
Maturity Inventory, Middle School Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale and a
Parent Career Behaviors Checklist they found that perceived parent behaviors were
related to career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy.

Datu (2012) studied the relationship between career preferences and big five
personality factors and paternal parenting style in 200 Filipino College Freshman. They
used a descriptive- predictive research design. The Big Five Inventory and Parental
Authority Questionnaire were used to collect data. They found significant relationships
between gender, neuroticism, and authoritarian parenting style. Neuroticism and
authoritarian parenting style were also found to have a significant predictive role in
career selection.

According to Perrone et al. (2001), the role models have high influence on the
career preference of the students. He also found that role models supportiveness and
quality of relationship show more influence on career choice of students. The same
study indicated that majority of the students selected same gender role models.

Whiston and Keller (2004) concluded that across lifespan, both family structure
variables such as parent’s occupation, educational level and family process variables
such as warmth, support, attachment and autonomy from parents were found to
influence a large number of career constructs.

Weinshenker (2006) reported that students are highly influenced by their mothers
in choosing a particular career. He said that mothers tend to have a higher influence in
regard to the career choice of women when compared to men. For example, daughters
who are raised by the homemakers were more likely to expect that they would also stay
home if they had children. Likewise, the sons of the homemaker mother expect that
their wives would stay in home if they had children in the future.

Herren et al. (2011) observed that students’ choice of career was affected mostly
by their friends, parents, teachers and alumni. He also observed that the people
affecting a student’s career choice provides more insight about the career field including
the factors such as how big of a salary it offers, how fast a student can advance, or the
benefits that come with that job field.

Muraguri (2011) stated that individuals’ choice of career is influenced by multiple

factors like personality, interest, self-concept, cultural identity, role model, social
support and available resources such as information and finance. He states that most
people are influenced by careers that their parents favour, others follow the careers
that educational choices have opened for them, some choose to follow their passion,
while others choose the career that give high income.

Olamide and Olawaiye (2013) observed that the student’s career is influenced by
many factors such as poor academic performance; poor choice of subjects and lack of
financial support from their family to get their required training that would qualify them
for the jobs of their choice. On the other hand he also found that students do not feel
environmental factors are important, they did not show outright disregard for them. He
found that there is some interest, just not significant interest. Students always believe
and listen to the people around them, and that those people are going to have similar
ideas, not significant ideas.
 According to Ramachandram et al. (2015), personal interests and family influence of
the students significantly influence students’ career choice.

Mbagwu and Ajaegbu (2016) found that teenagers whose parents from high
educational background are most consistent and do not have much difficulties in
making a career choice when compared with those whose parents have low educational
background. Also, majority of teenagers whose parents had high educational
background and made more of professional career choices while whose parents had low
educational background made more of business career choices. He finally concluded
that there is significant relationship between parent’s educational background and
choice of career

According Koech et al. (2016), the mentors advice has the least influence on career
choice.The choice of career is most influenced by parents, friends and counsellors;
however variations occur from one population to other. He also reported that rural
students tend to seek help from parents more than urban students and parents play
major role than teachers in the career choice of students.
 Notes

Banduria ,A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G.V. and pastorelli ,C. (2001) Self-efficicacy beliefs as
shappers of childrens aspirations and career trajectories. child development,72,187 -
206.http:dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00273

cavus, geri and turgunbayeya

 Conceptual Framework

Factors

 Personal choice
 Parent’s advice Career preferences
 Friends influence
 Financial assistance

To indulge in a To upgrade in higher

To employ in work To enroll in college
business skills

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

As can be seen in the conceptual framework, there are two variables involved. The
independent and the dependent variables.

The Independent variable of this study refers to the factors affecting the decisions of the
students in choosing their career. Factors are the considerations or reasons when making a
decision. In this study, possible factors are the parent’s advice, friends influence, financial
assistance and personal choice.
 The Dependent variable of this study is the preferred career of the grade 12 students.
Career is a job or profession that a person may choose to track down. In this study, possible
career paths are to employ in a work, indulge in a business, enroll in college, or to upgrade in a
higher skills.

Hypothesis

In the study, most of the grade 12 students preferred to pursue their studies in college.

In the study, the factor that greatly affects the student’s decision in choosing a career is
the parent advice.
 Chapter III

Research Design and Methodology

This section presents the research Methodology, respondents of the Study,

Research instruments, Data Gathering Procedure and Statistical Treatment of Data used
during the data gathering.

Methodology

This study used the triangulation method of research with a descriptive design to
describe systematically the data gathered. Specifically the career preferences of the
grade 12 students of Union National High School and the factors affecting their
decision-making to their preferred career.

Respondent of the Study

The respondents of this research study are selected grade 12 students of Union
National High School, school year 2018-2019 with the used of research instrument.

Table 1

Strand Number of Respondents in grade 12

students
GAS 11
ICT 10
H.E 4
EIM 5
Research Instrument

The research instrument used in this study to gather information’s is the

researcher- made questionnaire which has the following questions: 1.) what are the
plan of SHS student after graduation? 2.) What are the considerations in choosing the
path? 3.) How does choosing path affects the students as an individual? That will be
answered by the selected grade 12 students. This questionnaire helped the researcher
to determine the preferred career and the factors affecting their decisions.

Data Gathering Procedure

Upon the approval of the research – made questionnaire, the researchers wrote
a letter of request to be approved by the school heads of Union National High School to
conduct a survey from their school and used the selected grade 12 students as
respondent of the study.

After obtaining the approval of the request letter, the questionnaires were
personally distributed to the randomly selected grade 12 students and retrieved by the
researchers after answering all the questions about the study.

Moreover, after all questionnaires were retrieved, the researchers analyzed and
interpreted the gathered data.
 Chapter IV

Presentation, Analysis & Interpretation of Data

This chapter comprises the analysis, presentation and interpretation of the findings
resulting from this study. The analysis and interpretation of data is carried out in two phases.
The first part is based on the results of the questionnaire, deals with a quantitative analysis of
data. The second, which is based on the results of the interview or survey and focus group
discussions, is a qualitative interpretation.

Table 1

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
To enroll in college To employ in a work To indulge in a
business

Problem No. 1: After Graduating SHS, what do you plan to do?

Presentation:

The graph shows that 27 out 30 respondents are planning to enroll or continue their
studies in college after they graduated SHS with a percentage of 90 %. 2 of the respondent
preferred to employ in work with a percentage of 6.66% and the remarking 1 chose to indulge
in a business with a percentage of 3.33%.
Interpretation

The gathered data revealed that the most preferred career of the grade 12 students is to
enroll in college than to employ in a work, indulge in business or rather upgrade their higher
skills.

Table 2

Personal choice Parent advice Financial assistance

70% 26.66% 3.33%

Problem No. 2: what are your considerations in your decisions?

Presentation:

The table shows that out of 30 respondents, 21 of them chose personal choice is the
factor that affects their decision with a percentage of 70. 8 chose parents advice with a
percentage of 26.66 while the remaining 1 respondent chose financial assistance with a
percentage of 3.33.

Interpretation:

The gathered data shows that the randomly selected respondent in grade 12 students
had chosen personal choice. It shows that the most factors that affects their decision making in
terms of choosing a career is their personal decision.

Problem No. 3: Does choosing career path affect you as an individual?

 Yes
No

The figure above shows the percentage of the students who said that choosing a career
affects them as individual. 25 out of 30 respondents said Yes, it affects them with a percentage
of 83.33% while the remaining 5 respondent said No it didn’t with a percentage of 16.67%.

According to them, choosing a career will serve as a guide in planning for their future
and a ladder for their success that’s why choosing a career is a serious matter to think about.
They will also be more motivated to study, enhance their knowledge and skills and most
especially pursue their dreams because their career choice is the one they like the most.
According to them also, choosing their most preferred career will develop their personal growth
and will make them be a better person in the future that conforms to the study conducted by
Bayraktoghe (2011). Career planning done individual basis is a plan as to how an individual
would foster in his profession. As regards the organizational level, it talks about promotional
aspects together with personal development quadrant. So briefly career planning is the process
whereby the individual himself or his organizations helps in pursuing his growth objectives in
conformity with his expertise in the area, capabilities and aims. This will also test their decision
making skills and strategies because choosing a career is a big decision to make and to decide
with. This finding conforms to the study conducted by Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara and
Pastorelli (2001). Career choice is one of the biggest dilemma and challenge in any student’s
life. It involves an interplay of many factors which are intricately intentioned. It is not a straight
forward task and involves a difficult process of decision-making.
 Chapter V

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter presents the summary about Preferences after Graduation of Grade 12
Students of Union National High School. Conclusions are formulated based on the findings and
recommendation.

Summary

This research study sought to answer the following questions (1.What are the plan of
SHS students after graduation? 2.) What are the considerations in choosing the path? 3.) How
does choosing the path affect the students as an individual? That intends to know the preferred
career of graduating students and the reasons why they choose to go to that career path.
Though use of researcher- made questionnaire, researcher gathered needed information from
the respondents participated by the randomly selected grade 12 students of Union National
High School. The gathered data was presented, analyzed and interpreted.

Based from the gathered data the most preferred career of the graduating students is to
enroll in college. They want to enhance more their skills and knowledge, study and discover
more things. Most especially it is a great achievement for the students to graduate college.
Personal choice is the most common factor seen by the researcher in the gathered data that
affects the decision making of the students in terms of choosing their career. It is because they
are the one who’ll take that career path so they are the one who knows what career they are
capable with and will suit to their skills and abilities. They can be more motivated also to pursue
their preferred career if and only the career they like the most is the one they chose.
Problem No. 1

What are the plans of SHS students after graduation?

 To employ in work
 To indulge in business
 To upgrade in high skills
 To enroll in college

Findings

Out of 30 respondents, 27 chose to enroll in college with a percentage of 90.2 students

preferred to employ in a work with a percentage of 6.6 and the remaining 1 chose to indulge in
business with a percentage of 3.33.

Conclusions

The results shows that the most preferred career of the graduating students of Union
Nation High School is to enroll in college with a number of 27 respondents having 90%. 2
students chose to employ in a work having 6.67% and the remaining 1 preferred to indulge in a
business with a percentage of 3.33%.

Recommendation

It’s a good choice to pursue their studies in college but the researcher recommends that
they must choose the right course for them. A course that suits to their skills and abilities. So
that, it is easier for them to accomplish their task or requirements with regards to their course.
Problem No. 2

What are the considerations in choosing the path?

 Parents advice
 Friends influence
 Financial assistance
 Personal choice

Findings

In the study, most of the grade 12 students chose personal choice with the total number
of twenty one (21) students in 70%. Parent’s advice with eight (8) respondents having 26.66%
and one (1) respondent for financial assistance in 3.33%. Moreover the students- respondents
are strongly agree that personal choice in the top most consideration in considering their career
path.

Conclusion

Results show that the most number of respondents chosen the personal choice which
affect most in deciding what career path they will pursue after they graduated “SHS with 70%.
Next to it is the parent’s advice with 8 respondents in 26.66%. And lastly is the financial
assistance with the least number of respondents with 3.33%.

Recommendation

In the study, most of the students chose personal choice, which is the one that affects
most their decision making about their career preferences. But they must choose not just the
career path they like or want the most, but also career path that fits to their skills and
knowledge. Though they have .

Problem No. 3
 How does choosing the path affect the students as an individual?

Findings

Researchers found out that choosing a career path affects an individual specifically the
students in a way that, it will serve as a guide in planning their future. Some of our respondents
also said that it will test their decision – making skills because for them, choosing a career is not
that easy to decide with. Career that fits to their skills and abilities is the one they must pick.
According to them, their future depends on it. They also said that, as long as they like the
career they choose they will pursue and continue pursuing it. some also said that choosing the
right career will enhance more their knowledge and skills, develop their personality and be a
better person.

Conclusion

Results show that choosing a career has a big impact to the grade 12 students because
this will serve as a guide in planning for their future and a ladder for their success. choosing a
career is a serious matter to dealt because there are some reasons that must be considered
when they are about to choose a career/ path. Their future depends on it so they must choose
the career that fits to their skills and knowledge, career they are capable with and career that
they can enhance and develop more their personality. That’]s why their decision – making skills
has a huge impact to the students especially to their choices.

Recommendation

Choosing a career is a difficult thing to decide and this will test also their decision-
making skills on how going to make decisions that can put them in a right path. so when the
time comes that they have to decide about their career /path, they must think and decide
wisely.
 Bibliography

The GAS students are currently working on their practical reaserch ll quantitative reasercch
enntitled PREFERENCES AFTER GRADUATION OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF UNION NATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOL.This study intends to know the preferred career of grade 12 students after
graduating senior high school.Information that will be gathered can greatly help in the study .
Assuring any shared information will remain confidential.

The Researcher

Name : ____________________________________________ Grade & Section :________

Age: ___ Date :

1. After you graduted SHS,what do you plan to do?

 To employ in a work

 To indulge in business

 To enroll in college

 To upgrade in higher skills

2. What are your considerations in your decisions ?

 Parents advice

 Friends influence

 Financial assistance

 Personal choice

3. Does choosing career path affects you as an individual? How?

 Appendix B

Distribution of Respondent According to Age

Age Number of Respondent Percentage

17 11 36.67%

18 15 50%

19 3 10%

21 1 3.33%

Career Preferences of the Grade 12 SHS Students

Career Preferences Number of Respondents Percentage

Enroll in college 27 90%

Employ in work 2 6.67%

Indulge in bussines 1 3.33%

Upgrade in higher skills 0 0

Considerations In Choosing the Path

Influence Factors Number of Respondents Percentage

Parents Advice 8 26.67%

Friends Influence 0 0

Financial assistance 1 3.33%

Personal Choice 21 70%

 Reason On How Choosing Path Affects An Individual

 Yes, because choosing career can make me more independent and guide myself to the
better future.

 Yes, because it will be my ladder for the future. The career path that I will choose help me
to become a better person someday, it will alsi develop my personality in the present times.

 Yes, because choosing career path is not easy because this is where your future depends
on.

 Yes, because choosing career path has its obligation enable for you to succeed in your
choosing field.

 Yes, because it help me to become more self reliant.

 Yes, it is my own decision.

 Yes, because that is the reason why I need to pursue my dreams.

 Yes, choosing a career path is not so easy because this is the key to your future career.
You have to be serious to choose your career path .

 Yes, because its good.

 Yes, because its my decision.

 Yes, to motivate and improve my skills and abilities.

 Yes, because improve my knowledge and skills.

 Yes , to upghrade/enhace my knowledge and skills.

 Yes, because I have to think seriously and I have to make a decision that will suit my
capabilities/skills in choosing a career. My future depends on it.

 Yes, by helping me to make a good decision for doing or achieving something for my
future.

 Yes, it can help me to plan my future life.

 Yes, because choosing your career path will be the guide for your future and this will test
your decision making skills.

 Yes, because in any career that a person will choose, it will always affects them as an
individual through making decision depending on the situation.

 Yes, dahil kapag sinunod ko ang gusto kong career tatapusin ko and it will help me to be a
better person in the future.

 Yes, you will be more motivated and I enjoy my study and improve my skills and
knowledge. And I thank you.

 Yes, this is my choice.

 Yes, because I need to improve my knowledge.

 Yes, because any choice you choose it can affect you as an individual.

 Yes, it improves my decision making skills and strategies.

 Oo, kasi gusto kong makatapos nang SHS and college para makuha ko ang maagandang
trabaho.

 No, it is my desicion .

 No, this is myb choice.

 No, because if your choice is related to your skills/knowledge you will not affects to you.

 No, because choosing a career doesn’t affect as an individual but it help us to be more
succeed in life in the future.

 No, because it is my choice to choose what career path that going to do. And as an
individual choosing your own career path is better because in this way it can gave you a
happines.