FOR 5TH SEMESTER DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONCEPTs AND PROBLEMS

DESIGN OF RCC COLUMN FOOTING
Learning Outcomes:
1. Concept of column footings.

2. Design criteria.

3. Design steps for column footing.

4. Reinforcement detailing.
Column footing:
RCC columns are supported by the foundation structures which are
located below the ground level are called footings.

Purpose of Footings:
1) To support the upper structure.

2) To transfer the Loads and moments safely to subsoil.

3) Footings are designed to resist the bending moment and shear

forces developed due to soil reaction.
S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
Types of footing:
 P
Isolated footing.
The footings which are provided below the column
independently are called as isolated footings.

This type of footing may be square ,

rectangular or circular in section

 Isolated footing consists of thick slab which

may be flat or sloped or stepped.

S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU

The structural design of the footing includes the design of

1) Depth of footing

2) Reinforcement requirement

3) Check on serviceability

S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU

S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
Design Considerations:
Minimum reinforcement : (As per IS456:2000, clause 26.5.2.1&2
The mild steel reinforcement in either direction in slabs shall not be
less than 0.15 percent of the total cross sectional area. However,
this value can be reduced to 0.12 percent when high strength
deformed bars or welded wire fabric are used

The diameter of reinforcing bars shall not exceed one eight of the
total thickness of the slab.

S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU

Design Considerations:

S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU

S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
 ..\IS456:2000.pdf
When the depth required for the above development length or the
other causes is very large, it is more economical to adopt a stepped or
sloped footing so as to reduce the amount of concrete that should go
into the footing.
SHEAR:
1. One way shear(Wide beam Shear):
One way shear is similar to Bending shear in slabs considering the
footing as a wide beam. Shear is taken along the vertical plane
extending the full width of the base
Lowest value of allowable shear in Table 13 of IS 456:2000
Is 0.35N/mm2 is recommended.
S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
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 3. Bending Moment for Design:

Consider the entire footing as

cantilever beam from the face of
The column and calculate the
BM.
Calculate span for the
cantilever portion (Hashed portion)
𝑙 𝑝𝑙2
= plx =
2 2
Substitute l=[(B-D)/2]
𝐵−𝐷 2 1
Mxx= p ( ) x
2 2
This is BM for 1m width of the beam
DESIGN STEPS:
1. Assume self weight of footing =0.1p
Total load w= P+0.1P
𝑤
2. Area of footing required, A =
𝑆𝐵𝐶
For square footing, Size of footing = 𝐴
For Rectangular footing, assume L
LxB=A

Provide L x B square footing,

Total Area = _ _ _ _ _ m2
3. Bending Moment
𝑃𝑢
Pressure P = _ _ _kN/m2
𝐴

4. Factored moment/m
𝐵−𝐷 2 1
Mu= p ( ) x
2 2
5. Effective depth :
Mu
d required =
0.138 x fckx b

increase depth for 1.75 to 2 times more than calculated value for shear
considerations.
6. Area of tension reinforcement :

Ast fy
Mu = 0.87fy Astd(1- )
bdfck
This is a quadratic equation, calculate the value for Ast and consider the
minimum of values
Area of steel per m = Ast /span = _ _ _mm2
Assume diameter bars
π x 𝑑𝑖𝑎2
Area of one bar ast= = _ _ _ mm2
4

1000 ast
Spacing of reinforcement , S =
Ast

7) Check for one way shear :

The critical section is taken at a distance “d” away from the face of the
column y-y axis.
Shear force per m,
L−D
Vu = p x B x [( )-d]
2
 𝑉𝑢
Nominal Shear stress,𝜏𝑣 = =_ _ _N/mm2
𝑏𝑑

100Ast
Percentage steel = = pt?
𝐵𝑑

Refer table No. 19 of IS 456:2000 for 𝜏𝑐

𝜏𝑐 = _ _ _N/mm2
𝜏v should be less than 𝜏𝑐,
design is safe against one way shear.
𝜏v < 𝜏𝑐
8) Check for two way shear :
The critical section is taken at a distance
“d/2” away from the faces of the column
Shear force per m,

Vu = p x [A-(0.4+0.5)2]
Vu
Nominal Shear stress, 𝜏𝑣 =
b0d

b0 = perimeter = 4( D + d)
Maximum shear stress permitted
𝜏𝑐 =0.25 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝜏𝑐 should be greater than 𝜏v , Then design is safe against Punching shear /
two way shear.
9) Development Length
fsx dia of bar 0.87x415x dia of bar
Ld = = = 37.6∅
4𝜏𝑏𝑑 4𝑥2.4

For Fe 415 steel and M20 concrete the values substituted to the above
equation and Ld = 37.6∅
Taken to be , Ld= 40∅

available Ld=( L-D)/2 = _ _ _mm

This is alright
10) Reinforcement details:

PLAN OF FOOTING
10) Reinforcement details:
PROBLEM 1:

Design a square footing to carry a column load of 1100kN

from a 400mm square column. The bearing capacity of soil is

100kN/mm2. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

1. Assume self weight of footing =0.1p= 0.1x 1100 =110kN
Total load w= P+0.1P = 1100+110= 1210kN

𝑤 1210
2. Area of footing required, A = = = 12.1m2
𝑆𝐵𝐶 100
Size of footing = 𝐴 = 12.1= 3.478

Provide 3.5m x 3.5m square footing,

Total Area = 12.25m2

3. Bending Moment
𝑃𝑢 1.5 x 1210
Pressure P = =
𝐴 12.25
= 148.16kN/m2

4. Factored moment/m
BM about axis x-x passing through face of the
Column as shown in fig.
L−D 2 1
Mu= p x B x [ ] X
2 2

3.5−0.4 2 1
= 148.16x3.5 x[ ] X = 622.92kN − m
2 2

L = B for square footing

D = Size of column = 400mm = 0.4m

Mu =622.92kN − m
5. Effective depth :
Mu 622.92x106
d required = = = 253.93mm
0.138 x fckx b 0.138 x 20x 3500
Adopt 500mm effective depth and overall depth 550mm. (increase
depth for 1.75 to 2 times more than calculated value for shear
considerations)
6. Area of tension reinforcement :

Ast fy
Mu = 0.87fy Astd(1- )
bdfck

Ast x 415
622.92 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Astx 500(1- )
3500x500x20

622.92 x 106 = 180525Ast- 2.14 Ast2

622.92 x 106 = 180525Ast- 2.14 Ast2
2.14 Ast2 - 180525Ast+ 622.92 x 106 = 0

This is a quadratic equation, calculate the value for Ast and consider the
minimum of values
There fore, Ast = 3604.62mm2

Area of steel per m = 3604.5/3.5 = 1029.85mm2

Provide 12mm diameter bars

π x 122
Area of one bar ast= = 113.09mm2
4
 1000 ast 1000x113.09
Spacing of reinforcement , S = = = 109.81mm
Ast 1029.85

Providing 12mm dia bars @ 100mm c/c.

7) Check for one way shear :

The critical section is taken at a distance “d” away from the face of the
column y-y axis.
Shear force per m,
L−D 3.5−0.40
Vu = p x B x [( )-d] = 148.16x 1 x [( )- 0.50] = 155.57kN
2 2

𝑉𝑢 155.57x103
Nominal Shear stress,𝜏𝑣 = = = 0.31N/mm2
𝑏𝑑 1000x500
 100Ast 100x3604.62
Percentage steel = = = 0.20
𝐵𝑑 3500x 500

Refer table No. 19 of IS 456:2000 for 𝜏𝑐

Since ,
% steel 𝜏𝑐
0.15 0.28
0.20 x
0.25 0.36

(0.36−0.28)
For 𝜏𝑐 at 0.2 = 0.28 + x(0.2-0.15)
(0.25−0.15)
𝜏𝑐 = 0.32N/mm2
𝜏v is less than 𝜏𝑐, design is safe against one way shear.
8) Check for two way shear :

The critical section is taken at a distance

“d/2” away from the faces of the column
Shear force per m,

Vu = p x [A-(0.4+0.5)2]

= 148.16 x [12.25-(0.4+0.5)2] = 148.16x 11.44

=1695kN
b0 = perimeter = 4( D + d)
= 4(400+500)
=3600mm

Vu 1695 x103
Nominal Shear stress, 𝜏𝑣 = =
b0d 3600x 500

𝜏𝑣 = 0.941N/mm2
Maximum shear stress permitted
𝜏𝑐 =0.25 𝑓𝑐𝑘 =0.25 20 = 1.11N/mm2

since , 𝜏𝑐 >𝜏v, design is safe against Punching / two way shear.

9) Development Length
fsx dia of bar 0.87x415x dia of bar
Ld = = = 37.6∅
4𝜏𝑏𝑑 4𝑥2.4

For Fe 415 steel and M20 concrete the values substituted to the above
equation and Ld = 37.6∅
Taken to be , Ld= 40∅ = 40 x 12 = 480mm

available Ld=( 3500-400)/2 = 1550mm

This is alright
10) Details of Reinforcement :
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