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The point is for the students to realize that most of the answers or solutions are already available and
some may be available within our reach; all we need to do is to ask the right question. Research is all
about inquiry. Inquiry is a learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about
people, things, places, or events. You do this by investigating or asking questions about something you are
inquisitive about. It requires you to collect data, meaning, facts, and information about the object of your
inquiry, and examine such data carefully. We don’t have to be a Scientist to ask questions. Asking
questions is the foundational trait of a researcher.
The teacher will post on the board the following graphic organizers:
1. Important of doing research
2. Characteristics of good research
3. Research processes
4. Research ethics
Abstraction (65 minutes) I. Definition of practical research
Activity: The teacher will ask the students to share their idea about what research is! Some of their
answers might be one of the following:
a. Research is simply searching for knowledge
b. Research is a careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something (Merriam-
Webster)
c. Research is a systematic inquiry that is designed to collect, analyse, and interpret data to understand or
predict a phenomenon (Mertens, 2015).
d. Research is the formal and disciplined application of scientific inquiry to the study of problems (Navarro
and Santos, 2011).
e. Research is the systematic application of scientific inquiry in order to find solutions to problems and
contribute to knowledge.
II. Importance and Benefits of doing research
Activity: The teacher will present some breakthroughs in medicine, technology, education, businesses, and
economy because of research and let some students share how they themselves benefits from these
breakthroughs. The teacher may use a graphic organizer to present the key points.
a. Gather relevant information
-springboard in conducting more researches or planning new projects.
-example is a research on the basic needs of the target customers can help companies develop and
market new line of products.
b. Improve quality of life
- making life more convenient and comfortable
c. Understand History
-understand and provide possible solutions to the pervading problems of current society
d. Personal and Professional development
-new ideas, perspectives, and skills
-personal benefits: good decision maker, good problem solver, good critical and creative thinker and good
contributor of knowledge.
III. Characteristics of Good Research
Activity: The students will be asked several questions about characteristics of good research and they will
move one chair to the right if TRUE and one chair to the left if FALSE. The teacher may use a graphic
organizer to present the key points.
a. Research is empirical
-facts and data
b. Research is analytical
-analyse and interpret data to arrive at conclusion
c. Research is systematic
-follows a certain method
d. Research is cyclical
- begins with a problem ends with a resolution or tentative answers to problems
e. Research is original
- products of novel ideas
IV. Research processes
Activity: The students will be given set of phrases on the processes of doing research. They will arrange
these metacards on the board.
a. Choose and define a topic
b. Write the problem statement
c. Make an outline or the first draft of your paper
d. Develop a research strategy to minimize time and save effort
e. Evaluate the sources
f. Write and revise your paper
g. Document your sources
V. Research Ethics
Activity: The students will be given several cases wherein they will identify how to address the unethical
practices in research being described. Their output must be one or similar to the principles below. The
teacher may use a graphic organizer to present the key points.
General summary of ethical principles that researchers must observed:
1. Honesty – data, results, method and procedures
2. Objectivity – avoid bias or self-deception
3. Integrity – consistency of thoughts and action
4. Carefulness – error and negligence, keep records
5. Openness – share and be open to criticism
6. Respect for intellectual property – honor patents, copyrights, etc
7. Confidentiality – information of respondents
8. Social Responsibility – promote social good
9. Competence – maintain and improve professional competence
10. Legality – laws and policies
11. Animal Care – esp. animal experiments
12. Human Subjects Protection - harms and risks to human
Application (15 minutes) With their research groups, in their research notebook, the students will create a creative slogan on how
they intend to make research more purposeful, easy and ethical.
Assessment (10 minutes) 3-2-1 Activity
3 – lessons/activity that they love and enjoyed
2- lessons/activity that they see important
1 – lesson/activity that they want to want to learn more
Remarks
Prepared by:
Angelo A. Acenas, ME, LPT
Teacher Fellow
Teach for the Philippines
Activities:
1. Itanong mo sa mukha mo!
a. Albert Einstein
b. Mark Zuckerberg
c. Henry Sy
2. Breakthroughs in Research
a. Gather relevant information-
“Nestle Research Scientist along with academic from Vanderbilt University, USA made an important discovery by
identifying a key mechanism of action for Diabetes Treatment”
b. Improve Quality of Life
“Research on Urban Road Traffic introduces traffic control practices in London and Singapore and draws conclusion
on how to improve traffic situation in Manila and other urban areas in the Philippines.”
c. Understanding History
“A research entitled Beyond Aquino and Marcos: Reimagining the People Power, this paper talks about what made
the Martial Law and consequently, the People Power possible looks at the bigger picture beyond just personalities
involved in the struggle, seeing it as a struggle of the Filipino People.
d. Personal and Professional Development
“Lanndon Ocampo, Associate Professor of Cebu Technological University was among the 8 of the leading Filipino
Scientists recognized by a Singapore-based magazine top 100 Asian Scientist. He significantly contributed to how
industries could help address climate change.
3. Characteristics of good research
a. Research is empirical – There should be enough data before conducting a research
b. Research is analytical – The researcher must manipulate data in order to arrive at a sound conclusion
c. Research is systematic - A research can be done without doing a process as long as it arrives to the final answer.
d. Research is cyclical – A research should answer the question at the beginning
e. Research is original - A research must be a product of the researcher’s critical thinking and novel ideas.
4. Research Ethics
1. Honesty – data, results, method and procedures
2. Objectivity – avoid bias or self-deception
Rianne, a STEM student conducted a research on the relationship between family structure and student’s perception on sex.
However, most of her respondents did not answer some important questions, so she decided to write what she think the
respondents would answer to get the data complete.
3. Integrity – consistency of thoughts and action
4. Carefulness – error and negligence, keep records
Donna, a Christian believer decided to study the perception of Muslim Community to Christian Doctrines. The study aims to
interview a particular community of Muslim in a remote area. Due to lack of time and resources, she decided to interview local
Muslim community instead. In her final paper output, she overlooked some details and she did not change the respondents of
the research.
5. Openness – share and be open to criticism
6. Respect for intellectual property – honor patents, copyrights, etc
Carlo, an ABM student studied the preferred brand of milk of breastfeeding mother in Consolacion in order create a marketing
strategy to improve sales. In her paper, Carlo used the data collected by his classmate and decided not to inform him because
he reasoned out that his classmate may not accept this idea.
7. Confidentiality – information of respondents
8. Social Responsibility – promote social good
9. Legality – laws and policies
Anton, a HUMSS student observed the behavior of the Indigenous People’s Community in the Province of Cebu and decided
not to inform the IP leader. He later published his work about the culture, tradition and even personal experiences of the
people in the community.
10. Competence – maintain and improve professional competence
Alberto, an ABM graduate decided to pursue a higher degree in Business and Management and decided to take a research
grant from a notable institution abroad.
11. Animal Care – esp. animal experiments
12. Human Subjects Protection - harms and risks to human
Elli, a biology student wanted to study a possible cure for rabies. In her pursuit, she conducted an experiment and dissected
endangered species of bird without informing the authority. While doing this, she also disposed harmful chemicals that she
used directly to the sink near a household community.