Professional Documents
Culture Documents
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Pregnancy is a serious issue in our society today, where people become pregnant
because they are not informed. Although teenage pregnancy is not yet a serious case in
our school the numbers are still slightly increasing. Teenage pregnancy affects not only
females but mates as well. It causes serious health and Education Problems. Most Teen
gets pregnant because they want to know what it feels like to raise a child and they find
Others get pregnant because they don’t know the different ways of contraception and
ways to stay safe. Many teen pregnancy because of their low confidence and self worth.
One of the reasons why teenagers are already aware with this topic is because of media.
They get a higher knowledge to sex from magazines, TV shows, Internet, movies and
other media. In television they know also create and make shows bout teenage pregnancy
like “Teen Moms” and “16 and pregnant.” these shows makes us realize that the rate of
this problem is getting higher and it is getting usual. There are lot of reported cases
regarding teenage pregnancy since the past few years until now.
According to the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), teenage pregnancy has a huge rate
in the Philippines, especially among the poor. 2/3 of Filipinos, who give birth before age
20, belongs to the low class society. Data from the National Statistics office showed that
8 percent among 1.7 million babies born in 2004 were born to mothers 15-19 years old.
Young mother gave birth to 818,000 babies and 2000 alone. This means, almost one of
every 10 babies is born to teenage mothers. The risk is, almost 10 percent of the born
Babies from young mothers are malnourished. As years passed by, the statistics are
getting higher. According to the study done by Population institute of the University of
the Philippines, more than 46 percent of teenage pregnant woman resort to induced
abortion which is against the law and the Church; 2 of every 5 teenage pregnancies are
unwanted ones. If the government won’t start acting on this, this problem will be worse
as years goes by. We concluded this research to increase awareness to this kind of issue.
With this research we plan to down scale the amount of teen pregnancy in our
community. We aim to inform you on what are the consequence of early teenage
pregnancy. How to avoid teenage pregnancy and why is it important for us to be aware
on this kind of issue. In order to prevent teenage pregnancy, teenagers need to have a
Although there are many ways to prevent a teenage girl from becoming pregnant, the
We all know that teenage pregnancy is a serious issue that we are facing nowadays.
As year passed by the rate getting higher. Most of the teenager gets pregnant in an early
age of 15 and above. Some teenagers want to know what it feels like to raise a child,
because of lack of education, curiosity and guide of parents the child makes his or her
own decisions at the end they will regret on what they have done. Teenagers do not know
how hard raising a child and they think it was easy. It is important to know what their
must be a proper education and also a guide of the parents. In this study we aim to
inform the youth about the awareness in getting pregnant at the early age. This will help
the younger to be more aware in this kind of cases. It will help them to be more open
minded about this issue and also to lessen their curiosity about getting pregnant.
in our community are getting affected for now. That’s why we took the responsibility to
invest our time in researching about this kind of issue because we aim to lesser than
Rañola Memorial School, Guinobatan Albay. Our prospects respondents are the students
from the Senior High School Department. In this study we’d like to conduct our study
for the next youth to be aware of this issue. We all know that in the Philippines the rate
It is important that young people in community succeed in school so they can thrive
as Adults. Becoming pregnant makes it hard for teens to do their best in school.
Preventing teen pregnancy is one key factor in making sure that teens have the
from School are important risk factors for becoming pregnant as a teen. Helping teens
get involved and succeed in school can reduce the likelihood of teen pregnancy. Can lead
to teenage pregnancy. Teens who are engaged in school become sexually active later and
are less likely to become pregnant in their teens, while students who drop out of school
are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors and become pregnant.
Students. This study helps the students to give answers about teenage pregnancy and be
Parents. This study will help the parents on how to guide their children to be aware of
this kind of issue and enlighten them the consequences if they will be in this predicament
Teachers. This study will help the teachers to counsel his or her student’s situation. The
Future Researchers. This study will serve as a basic guide for other researchers to be
Department of Education
Region V (Bicol)
Alexie Bautista
Mariton Prescilla
Proponents
Mentor
CHAPTER II
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies, synthesis of the
state of the art, theoretical and conceptual framework, also its theoretical and conceptual
Related Literature
adolescents. Specifically, in the ages of 13-19. Teenage pregnancy is usually the product
of innocence, ignorance and curiosity sometimes, hormones and desire. We all know that
these factors are inevitable in a normal teenage life. That’s why we are putting action to
this research for everyone to grasp the idea on how serious this issue is and hope that
these preventions are implemented not just to teens but even to parents to lessen the
In recent years, a nationwide concern over the “epidemic” of teenage pregnancy has
developed. Explanations for this phenomenon have ranged from poor sex education to
promiscuity. Teenagers are becoming more sexually active, and at an earlier age. These
changes in sexual behavior among adolescents involve all segments of society. A review
of the earlier literature indicates that a significant increase (tenfold) in the incidence of
sexual intercourse among single, teenage girls occurred in the early part of this century.
apparent in the 1960s. The double standard practiced by males began to disappear;
currently, the percentage of sexually active males and females is similar. Teenagers are
becoming more sexually active, and at an earlier age. These changes in sexual behavior
among adolescents involve all segments of society. The younger the teenager, the more
sporadic and generally infrequent is the level of sexual activity. This behavior has
important implications for effective contraceptive control. Teenagers are not really
promiscuous, according to recent studies.’ They generally confine their sexual relations
to a single partner in a “monogamous” relationship that may last a long time Sexually
active teenagers need to make decisions about the use of contraception. The use of
contraceptive measures among adolescents is erratic, and their general use is not
widespread. Several studies have found that more than one half of the girls and three
fourths of the boys interviewed had risked pregnancy by having unprotected intercourse
at least once. The younger the adolescent, the less likely he or she is to use an adequate
contraceptive measure. Some younger teenagers believe they are too young to become
the sex act. Because of the minimal use of contraception, fertility rates for adolescents
are high.
education especially, if they are underage and unmarried. 78% percent are not using any
when they are having sex for the first time. While government programs aims to delay
the beginning of child bearing and hasten fertility decline, teenage pregnancies continue
encounters and peer pressure; lack of information on safe sex;breakdown of family life
and lack of good female role models in the family; and absence of accessible,
adolescent-friendly clinics.
According to Macleod and Durrheim (2003), teenage pregnancy as asocial problem that leads to
the disruption of schooling' poor obstetric outcomes, inadequate mothering' poor child outcomes'
relationship difficulties with relatives, partners and peers' and demographic concerns about increasing
population numbers. In major cases teenage mothers are not in a position to go back to school after
delivery as they are forced to look after their children. In some cases, these young mothers+physical
health conditions do not make it conducive for them to go back to school. While some young women
Related Study
bearers are related to their own disadvantaged backgrounds. This research suggests that it
would be unwise to attribute all of the problems faced by teen mothers to the timing of
the birth per se. But even after taking background characteristics into account, other
research documents that teen mothers are less likely to finish high school, less likely to
ever marry, and more likely to have additional children outside marriage. Thus, an early
birth is not just a marker of preexisting problems but a barrier to subsequent upward
mobility.
pregnancy? Well the answer is “yes some do” Based on a careful review of the scholarly
literature completed a number of rigorously evaluated programs have been found to
reduce pregnancy rates. It helps the teens to know the consequences about getting
pregnant in an early age. Those programs will give explanation to teens who are clueless
about getting pregnant but sometimes this programs also triggers teenagers to try sexual
majority of these contraception methods are very accessible, especially for teens. First is
IUDs (intrauterine device) it is said that this is 99% effective for contraception. However
this method requires a doctor’s prescription and can only be administered by health
service professional. This is very expensive though that’s why it’s not the most
cheap and very accessible. A condom is a small and thin pouch made of latex, plastic, or
lambskin, used to cover the penis and collect semen to stop sperm from getting into the
vagina. Condoms are also good to prevent AIDS. Third option is Depo-Provera, AKA
the Shot. This 99% effective, this is basically a birth control injection and this is offered
by both private and governmental hospitals or clinics. Other contraceptive methods are
the use pf pills, from pre to post sexual activity. This is 80 to 91% effective. The fourth
method is the implant. It releases hormones to prevent a woman from being pregnant
(Estella. 2017).
These contraception methods are provided and discussed because the consequence of
teen pregnancy is hard to overcome for teens and almost impossible if they’re alone
solving it. Here are some consequences of teen pregnancy. Teenage births are associated
with lower annual income for the mother. Eighty percent of teen mothers must rely on
welfare at some point. Teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of school. Only about
one-third of teen mothers obtain a high school diploma. Teenage pregnancies are
associated with increased rates of alcohol abuse and substance abuse, lower educational
level, and reduced earning potential in teen fathers. (Swierzewski.,2015). From the Health
line website, Katie Mena (2016) reviewed and approved the article that, teen mothers are
not only prone to physical health changes but also to the mental health and state of a
woman. In that article it is expressed clearly on what are the mental effects are. Here are
some: Difficulty bonding with the baby, overwhelming fatigue, feeling worthless, anxiety,
panic attacks, thinking of harming yourself or your baby, difficulty enjoying activities you
once did. These are only some of the complications a woman is prone to. That’s why we’re
The present study is like the previous studies both studies are related to each other
in terms of proving that Teenage Pregnancy is a most serious problem nowadays. The
good news is that teen birth rates are declining in the Philippines which is a 10% drop
from 2012 according to the centers for disease control and prevention. Birth rate also fell
researchers focused on How to Avert Teenage Pregnancy among Senior High School
students.
Theoretical Framework
The theoretical of the study is choosing on the theories applicable to the study. The
theories of Family Development Theory, Social Bond Theory and Neo-cognitive Theory.
These theories differ in what they proposed to be the factors contributing to teen
pregnancy. The present study used a multifaceted approach to examine the antecedents
of teen pregnancy; family development, social bond and neo-cognitive theory each help
in the explanation of how the variables chosen may contribute to teen pregnancy. We
observed that the rate of teenage pregnancy in Senior high school is somehow increasing
because of the vulnerability of teens about sexual intercourses and for being clueless
According to White (1991), in this theory states the event, becoming sexually active,
determines the probability of becoming pregnant. In terms of teen pregnancy, the timing
of becoming sexually active depends on the age of the person, the duration of the dating
Social bond theory includes aspects of attachment theory, control theory, and
instincts in the new born. The bond is shaped by the family, friends, and community and
by increased interactions with the environment. If a teen girl does not feel attached to her
mother (since this is considered by some to be the most important attachment), she may
seek an attachment through a boyfriend who says that he loves her unconditionally.
Therefore, she may do whatever it takes to keep the connection between her and the
boyfriend in order to keep this feeling of attachment alive. Likewise, if a teen feels
rejected by or has a weak bond with society and its norms, she may become involved
directly with deviant behavior ( i.e., becoming sexually involved before societies says
Neo-cognitive Theory
This theory further states that deviant youth view themselves in a negative
the youth. Youth who are at risk or who have experienced an early pregnancy often were
reared and this functional environment that may have resulted in learned insecurities. As
a result of the dysfunctional environment, the youth may believe she is inadequate. This
cognitive model of learning from the environment and experiencing increased degrees of
alienation thus predicts school failure, delinquency, and health damaging behaviors
Social bond
theory
Neo-cognitive
theory
The conceptual framework discusses the process, method used to gather data and
the findings of the study. This will be the guide of the researcher on how to avert teenage
pregnancy.
Early adolescence (ages 10-14 years) is among the most neglected stages of
development, yet there are few stages during the life course where changes are as
early adolescence: engagement with learning, emotional and physical safety, positive
sense of self/ self- efficacy, acquisition of life/ decision making skills. The framework
proposes an ecological model where the macro level factors (economic forces, historical
realities) All set the context that influence community, family, school, and peer factor
that all in turn influence the adolescent. Existing indicators for points of development are
Multifaceted approach- A person who has many different talents in all kinds of fields
Deviant- is someone whose behavior falls far outside of society’s norms; as an adjective,
Consequences – is about the result or effect of an action or condition. In this study, the
researcher will determine the possible consequences of being involve in early pregnancy.
Early age – is about being young. The researchers focus the research about all women
who experience pregnant at this young age. It also pertains ages below 18 years old.
Teenage pregnancy – is being pregnant at the age between thirteen (13) and eighteen
(18).
determine the level of awareness of the students of Marcial O. Ranola School about
teenage pregnancy
Issue – is an important topic or problem for debate or discussion. The researchers will
pursue studying one of the still hot topics in the world about teenage pregnancy. It will
discuss the cons of the being in this situation and how a person (woman) to cope with
this situation.