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CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains, emphasis and discuses overall summary of the data

gathered. The research methodology presents the research design, research instrument:

population sampling technique, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of

data.

2.1 Research Design

The research design is essentially important because it determines the success

or failure of the research. It guides local arrangements for the collection and analysis

of data so that conclusions may be drawn.

The method that will be used in this study is Descriptive method. According to

Garcia, descriptive method tries to answer the question such as to who, what, when

and how of a certain topic. Descriptive method is defined as a study involving

collection of data in order to test hypothesis or to answer questions concerning the

current status of the object of the study. (Gay 1976)

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The researcher chose this type of research method in order to collect consistent

and accurate information and the data that leads to probable a suitable design solution

to the problem. This type of research method is most suitable and fitting to answer the

six areas concerns namely: site selection, site development, building function, building

aesthetic, building strength and durability as well as building engineering and utility

system.

A survey will be conducted, as well as a site analysis, for the gathering of data

needed in the study. Determining the availability and suitability of the project site,

identifying the site characteristics and land profile for the site development and

proposed amenities and facilities and its specific functions shall be analyzed.

2.2 Population and Sampling Techniques

Research population definition is known as a well- defined collection of

individuals or objects known to have similar characteristics. All individuals or objects

within a certain population usually have a common, building characteristics or trait

which we may collect data.

In order to obtain valid information, the study employs the population and

sampling techniques.
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The researcher can gain information and data at a certain tie from the given

sample size through the use of sampling techniques in this study. Conducting the

survey is bounded by time, money, effort, and travel and weather concerns; therefore it

is impossible to include the total number of population.

The subject as the population for this study will be selected Retirees of

Overseas Filipino Workers and Retired Foreigners.

This study will make use of a sampling technique. In order to determine the

sample size, Slovin’s Formula will be used.

2.3 Research Instrument

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In this study, the researcher used the most applicable instruments in data

collection for the architectural. These are library and computer techniques,

observation, Interview and Questionnaire.

1. Library and Computation Techniques- The data gathered by the researcher

were taken from books, journal, websites and other useful studies eg. Thesis

samples.

2. Observation- Site Visitation is considered as the researcher’s means of

observation relating to the project. This type of research is also useful for it can

help the researcher to understand the surrounding visually.

3. Interview- Informal interview will be conducted to the organizing group of this

project through a prepared questionnaire with a series of questions to be asked

to them.
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4. Questionnaire- A self- made questionnaire by the researcher and presented to

the research population in a way that can suit their intellect and rational

capacity of the respondents. Through this process the researcher may know the

capability of the respondents.

2.4 Validity of Research Instruments

Good research instruments should apply and intends to quantify the necessary

information needed to be able to become valid and reliable.

Validity: This approach measures degree to which the test items represent to

domain or universe of the trait or property being measured. To establish the content

validity of a measuring instrument, the researcher must identify the overall content to

be represented. (James P. Key 1997).

The survey questionnaire was presented for face validation to the jury of

experts using the criteria develop by Carter V. Good and Douglas Scates. The panel of

experts was composed of:

Mr. Wilfredo S. Porquido,Sr. -LCC Faculty

Mr. Walter Peter T. Arcenas - LCC Faculty

Mrs.Leilani Dusaban - LCC Faculty

Mr. Louie P. Lope - LCC Faculty

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The scale used to validate the instrument is hereby shown:

Mean Score Range Interpretation

4.21-5.00 Excellent

3.41-4.20 Very Good

2.61-3.40 Good

1.81-2.60 Fair

1.00-1.80 Poor

2.5 Reliability of Research Instruments

Reliability refers to the extent to which an experiment, test, or measuring

procedures yields the same results on repeated trials. (merriam – webster). It is the

stability or consistency of scores over time and reliability pertains to scores not people.

Reliability of research instruments helps to determine the potential of the

survey questionnaire. When validation of the survey questionnaire was completed, the

researcher revised, improved and finalized the survey questionnaire and conducted

another survey to the selected respondents for the purpose of testing the selected

respondents if they answered the same as what they did to the old survey

questionnaire.
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3.6 Data Collection Technique

The researcher acknowledges the significance of a systematic gathering

procedure essential for the research study, since the research involves questionnaire,

library works, observation, interview for research method which treated differently

according to the nature of the method.

As to the questionnaire, a survey was conducted to the selected respondents to

meet the final requirement of the study. The questions provided were derived from the

needs of retirees. The main target of the researcher is to get feedback from the

respondents that are beneficial to the project study.

As to library works, the researcher gathered data from different author whose

works are essential for the data gathering that can lead to the design solution. Thesis

sample were also included for it served as a big help in the success of acquiring

innovative ideas.

3.7 Statistical Treatment of Data

The following formula listed below is the statistical treatment of data and will

be used in answering the problems advanced in this study:

1. Slovin’s Formula.This method will to identify the number of respondents by using

Slovins formula in getting the sample size from the total population.
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𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2

Where:

n = sample size

N = population size

e = standard margin of error

2. Frequency Percentage Distribution. This method is used to identify the number of

frequency of the respondents’ responses using this formula:

𝑓
P= 𝑥 100
𝑁

Where:

P = percentage

𝑓 = frequency

N = number of percentage

3. Mean. In the survey questionnaires, the respondents were able to answer given

items provided. This method will be used in order to interpret the given answers of the
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respondents to each statement. At the same time the most common score mean or

average of the response of the entire group is to be determined through this formula:

∑𝑥
𝑋=
𝑁

Where:

Σ = summation of scores

N = number of respondents

X = Mean