Santa Cruz, Plan Departamental de Contingencia para Desastres Naturales

Mision Bolivia-Paraguay
ACF- International Network (ACF-IN)

Calle 5 Este (Hugo Wast) Nº 30,
esq. Av. La Salle - Zona Equipetrol
SANTA CRUZ
Teléfono-Fax: +591 3 341 81 96
SANTA CRUZ:
ach-bo@cotas.com.bo
www.accioncontraelhambre.org
PLAN DEPARTAMENTAL DE CONTINGENCIAS

PARA DESASTRES NATURALES
TABLA DE CONTENIDO
1.INTRODUCCIÓN 1
2.ANTECEDENTES GENERALES 2
2.1 DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE SANTA CRUZ 2

2.2 CONTEXTO GENERAL DE LOS DESASTRES EN EL DEPARTAMENTO 3
2.2.1 Los Fenómenos Climáticos - El Niño y La Niña 4
2.2.2 Inundaciones 6
2.2.3 Sequías 9
2.2.4 Incendios Forestales 11
2.3 ENFOQUE HUMANITARIO 13
2.4 MARCO DE ACCIÓN DE HYOGO 14
2.5 MARCO NORMATIVO GENERAL 16
2.5.1 Ley No. 2140 - Ley para la Reducción del Riesgo y Respuesta a
Emergencias y Desastres (25/10/2000) 16
2.5.2 Ley No. 2335 - Ley Modificatoria a la Ley No. 2140 (05/03/2002) 17
2.5.3 Ley No. 2028 - Ley de Municipalidades (28/10/1999) 18
2.5.4 Ley No. 2296 - Ley de Gastos Municipales (20/12/2001) 18
2.5.5 Ley No. 3351 - Ley de Organización del Poder Ejecutivo (21/02/2006) 18
2.5.6 Decreto Supremo No. 26739 - Reglamento a las Ley No. 2140 y a la
Ley No. 2335 (04/08/2002) 18
2.5.7 Decreto Supremo No. 28631 - Reglamento a la Ley No. 3351 - LOPE (08/03/2006) 19
2.6 DEFINICIONES BÁSICAS 19
3. OBJETIVOS 21
3.1 Objetivo General 21

3.2 Objetivos Específicos 21
4. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL 22
4.1 Situación Institucional de la Capacidad de Preparación, Alerta y Respuesta 22

4.1.1 Planes de Contingencia Temáticos 22
4.1.1.1 PMA - Plan Departamental de Contingencia para Inundaciones 22
4.1.1.2 PMA - Plan Departamental de Contingencia para Sequía e Incendios 22
4.1.2 Planes de Contingencia a Nivel Local 23
4.1.3 DGR - Dirección de Gestión de Riesgos 24
4.1.4 SDAT - Sistema Departamental de Alerta Temprana y Monitoreo 25
4.1.5 COE´s - Centros de Operaciones de Emergencias 26
4.1.5.1 COED - SCZ - Centro de Operaciones de Emergencias Departamental -
Santa Cruz 26
4.1.5.2 COEP´s - Centros de Operaciones de Emergencias Provinciales 30
4.1.5.3 COEM´s - Centros de Operaciones de Emergencias Municipales 31
5.LINEAMIENTOS GENERALES PARA LA OPERACIÓN EN DESASTRES 31
5.1 DEFINICIÓN DE ESTADOS DE ALERTA 31

5.2 COMUNICACIONES 34
5.2.1 Estructura de Operación de Comunicaciones 34
5.2.1.1 Central 34
5.2.1.2 Radio - Operadores 34
5.2.2 Procedimientos para las Comunicaciones 35
5.2.2.1 Sistemas de Comunicación Fija (Piloto - COTAS, Líneas 800 - ENTEL e Internet) 35
5.2.2.2 Sistemas de Comunicación Celular (Cobertura Territorial de las Compañías) 35
5.2.2.3 Sistemas de Comunicación Radial (Red de Frecuencias) 35
5.2.2.4 Sistemas de Mensajería 36
5.3 INFORMACIÓN 36
5.3.1 Notificación y Pre - Verificación 36
5.3.2 EDAN - Evaluación de Daños y Análisis de Necesidades 36
5.3.3 Reportes 38
5.3.3.1 Ejecutivos 38
5.3.3.2 Operativos 38
5.3.4 Evaluaciones Temáticas Complementarias 38
5.4 LOGÍSTICA 39
5.4.1 Transporte 39
5.4.2 Almacenamiento y Manejo de Inventarios 41
5.4.3 Prestación de Servicios de Asistencia Humanitaria a Damnificados y Afectados 41
5.5 CAPACITACIÓN Y ENTRENAMIENTO 42
5.5.1 Capacitación 43
5.5.2 Entrenamiento 44
5.6 AGENDA POR NIVEL DE AUTORIDAD PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE
RIESGOS Y ATENCIÓN DE DESASTRES 44
5.6.1 NACIONAL 44
5.6.1.1 Preparación 44
5.6.1.2 Alerta 44
5.6.1.3 Respuesta 44
5.6.2 DEPARTAMENTAL 44
5.6.2.2 Alerta 45
5.6.3 PROVINCIAL 45
5.6.3.2 Alerta 45
5.6.4 MUNICIPAL 45
5.6.4.2 Alerta 46
6.ANEXOS 46
6.1 TALLER DEPARTAMENTAL DE CONTINGENCIAS 2009 46

6.1.1 PRIMER DÍA 46
6.1.2 SEGUNDO DÍA 47
6.1.3 TERCER DÍA 53
6.1.3.1 Comisión EDAN 54
6.1.3.2 Comisión de Albergues, Educación y Protección 55
6.1.3.3 Comisión de Alerta Temprana y Monitoreo 56
6.1.3.4 Comisión de Ayuda Humanitaria 57
6.1.3.5 Comisión de Salud 59
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1
Se refiere al PIB a Precios Constantes (Bolivianos de 1990).
2
Se refiere al PIB Departamental a Precios Contantes del 2007 (Preliminar)
3
2005 – 2006, 2006 – 2007 y 2007 – 2008.
4
En adelante: “COED”.
5
En adelante: “Gobierno Departamental”.
6
En adelante: “PDC”.
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7
En adelante: “DGR”. Se tiene previsto que la DGR opere a partir de la Gestión 2009 bajo dependencia directa de la Secretaría General del Gobierno
Departamental de Santa Cruz.
8
Los componentes del PIB con Mayor Dependencia de Servicios Ambientales son actividades económicas del sector primario y secundario, relacionadas
directamente con recursos naturales, incluyendo hidrocarburos y minería; el resto de actividades tienen menor relación en razón de que son principalmente
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9
Para el año 2007. Datos preliminares del INE.
10
SANTA CRUZ: Población Total Proyectada, Por Sexo, según Provincia y Sección de Provincia, 2005-2007. Referencia: www.ine.gov.bo .
11
Conforme a lo que establece el Artículo 1 de la actual CPE – Constitución Política del Estado modificada el 2004.
12
PNUD – Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo.
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13
Una importante parte de los datos han sido extraídos de Wikipedia. Referencia: www.wikipedia.org .
14
ENSO – El Niño South Oscillation.
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15
IDEAM – Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales, adscrito al Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial de Colombia.
Sistema Nacional Ambiental.
16
SEARPI - Gobierno Departamental de Santa Cruz.
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DIPECHO: Disaster Preparedness ECHO – European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Department.
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18
Definición registrada en el Diccionario de Meteorología (J. Catalá.1986)
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Se entiende técnicamente que algunas gotas de agua en pastizales sometidos a esta situación pueden reflejar la luz solar como una lupa y encender
fuegos que luego son difíciles de controlar. !
20
SATIF – Sistema de Alerta Temprana de Incendios Forestales
21
Sergio Alves – Oficial de Programas PMA/NU. – Presentación Taller de Lecciones Aprendidas (Trinidad, 2008)
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Extraído de www.eird.org.
23
Resiliencia: “Capacidad de un sistema, comunidad o sociedad expuestos a desastres a adaptarse a través de la resistencia o bien cambiando el orden para
alcanzar o mantener un nivel aceptable de funcionamiento y de estructura. Se determina a través del grado con que un sistema social es capaz de auto
organizarse para incrementar su capacidad de aprender de los desastres pasados y conseguir así una mejor protección en el futuro, al tiempo que permite
mejorar las medidas que reducen los peligros.” (EIRD – Estrategia Internacional para la Reducción de Desastres, 2004)
24
*La Plataforma Global para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres está reemplazando al Equipo de Trabajo Interinstitucional sobre la Reducción de
Desastres, pero conserva su mismo mandato y está abierta a la participación de los Estados miembros. www.preventionweb.net/globalplatform.
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
25
Extraído de documentos de: Dirección Departamental de Defensa Civil – Santa Cruz, Ley 2140 y Experiencias del COED – SCZ.
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En adelante: “DGR”.
27
POA – Plan Operativo Anual que realiza cada institución pública para la asignación de fondos de inversión pública en el PGN – Presupuesto General de la
Nación, para Gasto Corriente, Programas y Proyectos.
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28
Limnímetro: Regla graduada para medición de caudal de cauces de agua.
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29
En adelante: “COE´s”. COED = Departamental; COEP = Provincial; COEM = Municipal.
30
Es el Despacho asignado a la Primera Dama del Departamento.
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31
En adelante: “EDAN”.
32
Existen los modelos de EDAN: 1) PMA – Programa Mundial de Alimentos; y de 2) OFDA – Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance.
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Criterios aplicados por el COED – SCZ y acordados con Defensa Civil, sobre la base de los presentados en el PDC 2007. Se agregan criterios observados en
el Sistema de Alerta Temprana del Municipio de Riberalta; SENAMHI – OXFAM – DIPECHO – FUNDEPCO (http://www.senamhi.gov.bo/sat/index.php)
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34
Implica también los servicios de fax e internet, además de todos sus utilitarios.
35
Idem 27. Ahora se dispone de estos servicios vía celular, aunque con alcance limitado.
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36
COTAS – Cooperativa de Teléfonos Automáticos de Santa Cruz.
37
ENTEL – Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Actualmente “Nacionalizada”)
38
El acceso a sistemas como ADSL (Por Cable o Inalámbrico), Wi–Fi, Wi–Max, Satelital y otros, es aún bastante limitado, pero puede operar en algunos
casos.
39
Existe el compromiso de OFDA/USAID para fortalecer la red de comunicaciones, pero el tema ha quedado pendiente hasta que se solucionen los
problemas diplomáticos con los EE.UU.
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Vehículos Livianos; Vehículos Pesados; Equipo Pesado (Infraestructura); Equipamiento para Operaciones de Rescate; y Equipo para Emergencias en Salud.
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CLM – Council of Logistics Management, EE.UU.
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Dependiente de la SH – Secretaría de Hacienda.
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44
Flash Appeal: Es la manera en que las muchas agencias que responden a una crisis humanitaria repentina coordinan su respuesta y presentan una
propuesta unificada de las necesidades a los donantes. Proporciona una descripción sucinta de necesidades humanitarias urgentes y un plan de atención de
prioridades por hasta seis meses, basados en la mejor información disponible al momento de su elaboración. Fuente:
http://ocha.unog.ch/ets/Default.aspx?ContentType=FixedContent&ContentID=3.
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UNDAC – United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination: Es un equipo de desplazamiento inmediato ante el llamamiento oficial, para
asesoramiento a los profesionales encargados de la Dirección de las Operaciones en situaciones de desastre; son nominados y financiados por gobiernos
miembros, OCHA, PNUD y las agencias humanitarias operacionales de Naciones Unidas tales como PMA, UNICEF y OMS.
46
Desarrollado sobre la base de los Criterios Generales para el Servicio al Cliente que se maneja en negocios.
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Santa Cruz, Plan Departamental de Contingencia para Desastres Naturales

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PLAN DEPARTAMENTAL DE CONTINGENCIAS

2.1 DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE SANTA CRUZ 2

3.1 Objetivo General 21

4.1 Situación Institucional de la Capacidad de Preparación, Alerta y Respuesta 22

5.LINEAMIENTOS GENERALES PARA LA OPERACIÓN EN DESASTRES 31

5.1 DEFINICIÓN DE ESTADOS DE ALERTA 31

6.1 TALLER DEPARTAMENTAL DE CONTINGENCIAS 2009 46

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