M UNICIPALS OLIDW ASTEM ANAGEM ENT D ETAILEDPROJECTREPORT

Final Report
Solid Waste
Management Detailed
Project Report

Prepared by:
Aadil RRasheed 1
 M UNICIPALS OLIDW ASTEM ANAGEM ENT D ETAILEDPROJECTREPORT

Contents
1 Project Background................................................................................................9
Solid Waste Management................................................................................9
Problems Due To Solid Waste.......................................................................10
Current Status of SWM in India.....................................................................10
Initiatives to Improve SWM in India............................................................... 10
Project Background & Objectives..................................................................14
Scope of Study.............................................................................................. 15
Report Overview............................................................................................16
Work Done in this Study................................................................................ 16
Structure of the Report.................................................................................. 19
2 Town Profile..........................................................................................................21
Background & History....................................................................................21
Profile of the Town.........................................................................................21
Population of the Town.................................................................................. 22
CLIMATOLOGY.................................................................................................. 28
3 Present System of Solid Waste Management..................................................... 31
The present scenario of SWM system in Anantnag......................................31
Population Projection.....................................................................................32
Waste Generation Projection.........................................................................33
Waste Collection............................................................................................33
Secondary Storage and Transport................................................................ 34
Processing and Disposal of Wastes..............................................................35
Treatment of Waste:...................................................................................... 37
Street Sweeping............................................................................................ 37
Tools Used.....................................................................................................38
Staff involved in SWM....................................................................................38
Municipal Solid Waste Composition.............................................................. 38
Segregation of recyclables wastes................................................................40
Present Revenue & Expenditure on Solid Waste Management....................40
4 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM..........................................................42
Proposed Concept of Solid Waste Management.......................................... 42
Proposed Waste Flow Processes..................................................................46

Prepared by:
Aadil 2
 M UNICIPALS OLIDW ASTEM ANAGEM ENT D ETAILEDPROJECTREPORT

Storage of waste at Source........................................................................... 47

Segregation of Waste at Source....................................................................47
Door to Door Collection and Routing Plan.................................................... 48
Biomedical Waste.......................................................................................... 52
Dry Waste and E Waste Collection Centers..................................................52
Construction and Demolition waste...............................................................54
Zero Waste Management.............................................................................. 55
FIGURE 6-2: LAYOUT PLAN FOR SWM SITE ANANTNAG..........................................60
Processing Decomposed Garbage................................................................62
Proposed Infrastructure at Landfill Site......................................................... 62
Design of recommended processing and disposal options...........................65
5 Design of Landfill..................................................................................................74
Design and Development of Sanitary Landfill Facility...................................74
Bio Remediation at previous engineering site...............................................75
Leachate from Landfill................................................................................... 86
Material Specifications for Sanitary Landfill...................................................87
Operation Plan of Sanitary Landfill................................................................90

Prepared by:
Aadil 3
 TEAM - 04

BY AADIL RASHEED
ENGINEERING STUDENT
PH 9682699027
1 Project Background
Waste disposal is one of the major problems being faced over the world and India is
no exception. Management of Solid Waste, though an essential service, is given low
priority. This, coupled with lack of financial resources, institutional weaknesses, improper
choice of technology & rapid urbanization, whose ramifications are more pronounced
with uncontrolled growth rate of population, has made this service far from
satisfactory, thus creating serious environmental and health problems.

Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an organized process of storage, collection,

transportation, processing, and disposal of solid refuse residuals in an engineered
sanitary landfill. It is an integrated process comprising several collection methods,
varied transportation equipment, storage, recovery mechanisms for recyclable material,
reduction of waste volume, and quantity by methods such as composting; refuse derived
fuel (RDF), waste-to-energy, and disposal in a designated engineered sanitary
landfill.

The selection of a suitable SWM process is driven by the source and quality of waste
produced. Solid waste is generated from a number of sources which include
households (kitchen and yard), commercial areas (shops, hotels and restaurants),
industries (raw material and packaging), institutions (schools, hospitals and offices),
construction and demolition sites, wild and domesticated animals (carcasses of dead
animals, manure), parks (fallen branches, leaves from trees), and streets (sand, silt, clay,
concrete, bricks, asphalt, residues from air deposition, and dust).

Analysis Collection

Recycling / Disposal Transportation

Recovery
 Problems Due To Solid Waste

Accumulation of solid waste in open areas is an eyesore, diminishing real estate and
property value, a breeding ground for insects, and other vectors (rats and mice, wild
and domesticated animals). It also causes odour nuisance, reflects the unorganized
nature of the community, and creates a poor environment for growing children.

Improper and unorganized disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in open areas
and landfills have a negative impact on the living conditions of human beings as well
as the overall environment. It results in spread of communicable and non-communicable
diseases among human beings and animals, thus affecting the welfare, livelihood,
and economic productivity. In addition, it causes contamination of soil, surface water,
ground water and generation of toxic and greenhouse gases. However, using adequate
information, resources, and efficient management practices, one can turn solid waste
into a useful resource.

Current Status of SWM in India

Management of Solid Wastes is of growing concern to the general public at large,

local authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The
problem is exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth,
coupled with an economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and, hence,
wastes generation. As per Census 2011, the urban population accounts for 31.16
percent of the total Indian population.

The Local Governing Bodies (LGBs), viz. municipalities and municipal Councils, are
responsible for providing SWM services in the urban areas. In most of the urban
areas, insufficient funds, use of obsolete/ inefficient technologies, lack of public
awareness/training, and improper infrastructure have resulted in a state of poor
SWM.

Initiatives to Improve SWM in India

In recent years, the Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve
existing SWM practices in the country. Some of the key initiatives and
recommendations are discussed below:
 Municipal Solid Wa ste Mana gement Rul es

The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, published

“Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2016” (MSW Rules 2016).
These rules were developed in conformance with Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the
Environment Protection Act, 1986 and aim at standardization and enforcement of
SWM practices in the urban sector. They dictate that, “Every municipal authority
shall, within the territorial area of the municipality, be responsible for the
implementation of the provisions of these rules and infrastructure development for
collection, storage segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal
solid wastes”. In addition, “the CPCB shall coordinate with State Pollution Control Boards
(SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in the matters of MSW disposal and
its management and handling”.

Jawaharlal N ehru N ational Urb an Renewal Mission

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is a notable

initiative undertaken by Government of India. JNNURM provides funding for urban
infrastructure development in 67 cities and towns of the country. This mission was
initiated in 2006 and is slated to continue until 2011.

Urban Inf rastru cture Dev elopment Sch eme for Small and
Mediu m Towns

The primary objective of this scheme is to improve the urban infrastructure in towns
and cities in a planned manner and to promote public–private partnership (PPP) in
infrastructure development. This scheme was introduced in the year 2005-06 and will
continue for seven years. This scheme is applicable to all cities/towns as per 2001
census, except the cities/towns covered under the JNNURM. One of the components of
this scheme is to renew the old sewerage and solid waste disposal systems in inner
(old) areas.

Swachh Bharat Mission

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched on 2nd of October, 2014 with a vision
to achieve a clean India as attribute to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, on
his 150th birth anniversary, in 2019. SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of
Urban Development (M/o UD) and by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
(M/o DWS) for
urban and rural areas with given set of guidelines for improved sanitary services and
capacity building initiatives.

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) a major component of the SBM

(urban)- “refers to systematic process that comprises of waste segregation and
storage at source, primary collection, secondary storage, transportation, secondary
segregation, resource recovery, processing, treatment, and final disposal of solid
waste.”

Under the provisions of SWM, the local bodies are to prepare Detailed Project
Reports in consultation with the state government based on the identified needs of
the town Sanitation Plans. Provision also mentions clustering of smaller cities for
attracting Private investment. The DPRs should be prepared in lines with Govt. of India’s
goals outlined in the NUSP 2008, SWM rules, advisories, CPHEEO manuals (including cost
recovery mechanisms), O&M practices and Service-level Benchmark advisories released
by M/o UD and Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, 2016.

States will contribute a minimum of 25% funds for SWM projects to match 75%
Central Share (10% in the case of North East States and special category states). 80%
of the urban population to be covered by SWM services (allowing for a 2% increase
year on year) covering all statutory towns. 1 Central government Grant/ VGF may also
be used to promote projects of waste to energy.

Finance Commission Recommendations

Constituted by the President of India, under Article 280 of the constitution, the
Finance Commission is to recommend on distribution of central tax revenues
between the Union and the States. Supporting Local bodies through grant,
subsequent to the passage of the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments was first
time announced in the 10th Finance Commission for providing basic services at the
grassroots level and strengthening decentralization.

The 13th Finance Commission has recommended two categories of Grants to Local
Bodies namely (1) General Basic Grant and (2) General Performance Grant. The Basic
Grants will be released on furnishing the U.Cs for the last releases and the General
Performance Grant will be released on fulfilment of nine conditions by the State
Government, as stipulated in paragraph 10.16.1 of the report of the 13th Finance
Commission by March of a particular
financial year. Performance-related funds under the 13 thFinance Commission have been
linked to improvements in SLBs including SWM.

Further, in 2009, MoUD initiated Service Level Benchmarking (SLB) with respect to
basic municipal services including solid waste management. SLB has been introduced in
30 states and across 1700 ULBs. Performance-related funds under the 13th Finance
Commission have been linked to improvements in SLBs including SWM. The 13th
Finance Commission also recommends that of all grants to be given to the ULBs, 50%
should be for SWM (2010- 2015). Moreover, the Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy has funded five Waste-to- Energy plants for utilization of MSW. The grant
recommended to ULBs in Andhra Pradesh is Rs. 1919.20 crores for the XIII FC period of
2010- 2015. Under such grant every local body is mandated preparing an Annual
Development Plan where in the component integrated solid waste management under
PPP mode (excluding purchase of equipment for collection and transport of garbage) is
to be incorporated.
Project Background & Objectives

There is a need to enhance the existing MSWM system for Town Panchayath (TP) and
thus improve the health and living standards of its residents. The purpose of this
project is to identify the existing MSWM practices within the town, recognize
deficiencies/gaps in the present system and propose a comprehensive plan for
MSWM including segregation, collection, and transportation and regional/cluster
approach for processing & scientific disposal in Integrated Municipal Solid Waste
Management Facility in compliance with the MSW Rules 2016. In addition, analyse
options for waste processing for effective and scientific management of MSW
generated.
 Scope of Study

 Realistic assessment of quantity, Characterization and classification of MSW

 Detailed survey of the prevailing conditions
 Situation/Gap Analysis of the existing condition with respect to MSW Rules,
2016
 Detailed planning for resource requirement & implementation strategy
 Design of MSW management system viz. Collection System (Primary/ Secondary)
, Transportation & Fleet Management Plan, waste processing system and
sanitary landfill in accordance with MSW Rules 2016 & CPHEEO Manual,
Govt. of India
 Techno economic and environmental analysis of various options for MSWM
 Preparation of conceptual and detailed drawings
 Preparation of Bill of Quantities (BOQs)
 Capital and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost estimates
 Identification and formation of the clusters on the basis of geographical locations
 MSW management model including privatization aspects
 Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
The deliverables will ultimately achieve the following goals:
 100% source segregation of wet & dry waste
 Primary collection of waste
 Secondary collection and transportation of waste
 Creating and sustaining a supply chain for recycled waste
 Streamlining and optimization of transportation system
 Analysis for the need of transfer station and its basic design
 Innovative processes and their enforcement for making the habitations litter
free, bin free and dump free to prevent the health hazard.
 Options for processing the biodegradable waste
 Feasibility study for the exploration of waste to power on the basis of cluster
approach
 Options for using the inert material like construction & demolition material
 Reclamation and bio-mining of old dump sites
 Innovative incentive structure to the operating personnel for motivation
  Financial model and institutional framework
 Measures for the involvement of all stakeholders
 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign models and
enforcement plans

Report Overview

The Anantnag Town is looking for improving efficiencies in solid waste management
(SWM) practices focusing on improving efficiency of collection, transportation and
processing of the municipal waste generated in the town. This report brings out the
present situation of solid waste management at Anantnag and the proposals to
improve the same.
The project activity aims at

 Establishing effective waste collection mechanism with a view point to collect

100% of the solid waste generated in the municipal area.
 Conducting efficient waste transportation mechanism to be able to carry out
100 % of the collected waste.
 Processing and recycling of the Municipal Solid Waste.
 Environmental consciousness and job creation for the local youth.
The broad scope of work for the project includes development of technical and
economically viable solid waste management plan along with the design of
collection, transportation, treatment disposal infrastructure. The outline of scope of
work for the overall project includes the following activities.

a. Collection & compilation of data

b. Interaction with ULB, local stakeholders and obtaining preliminary information
c. Submission of draft DPR
d. Presentation of the plans and receiving comments and inputs.
e. Submission of final DPR
The structure of the detailed project report has been detailed in the next section.

Pri mary data collection undertaken

Primary data collected for preparation of this report includes the following key features
  Average waste generated by key waste generators in Anantnag,
 Physical character of the waste disposed at Anantnag,
 Quantity of the waste collected and transported to the landfill
 Type of roads swept daily, twice a week and once in a week
 Average length of street swept by each SWM staff.
 Waste movement mechanism in the town.
 Location of secondary bins for waste collection
 Approximate estimation of open points in the town.
 Survey on commercial establishments of the town in all wards

Secondary Data Collection & Assessment

Secondary data required for the report like existing ward wise population of the town,
weather information, standard average quantity of waste generated per waste
generator, area of the town, total population of town in the past, other reports on
SWM were gathered from various sources. A review of the available documents about
Anantnag and the previous studies on solid waste management systems in Anantnag
was done. The gathered data was compiled as per the requirement of DPR.

Design and report preparation:

Using the data collected by the primary resources, secondary resources and interaction
with stake holders and TP staff a collection, transport DPR is prepared. The DPR has
considered the future population growth and prospective increased growth in the town.
A detailed cost estimation and financial sustainability analysis has been done and
presented in the report. All the designs and estimates are provided along with the report
as annexure.
 2 Town Profile

Background & History

District Anantnag is one of the oldest districts of the valley and covered the entire south
Kashmir before its bifurcation into Anantnag and Pulwama in 1979. The districts of
Anantnag and Pulwama later got sub-divided into Kulgam and Shopian, in 2007.
Consequently the districts of Pulwama and Kulgam lie on the north and north-west of
District Anantnag, respectively. The district of Ganderbal and Kargil touch its eastern
boundary and the district of Kishtawar meets on its southern boundary while as
District Doda touches its west land strip.
The population of the district, as per census 2011, is 1078692 (10.79 lac) souls, comprising
of 153640 households, with a gender distribution of 559767 (5.60 lac) males and
518925 (5.19 lac) females and as per the natural arrangement the district has 927
females against 10 00 males while as it is 1000:889 at the state level. The district
consists of 387 inhabited and 07 un-inhabited revenue villages. Besides, there is one
Municipal Council a nd 08 Municipal Committees in the district. The district consists
of 12 tehsils, viz, Anantnag, Anantnag-East, Bijbehara, Dooru, Kokernag, Larnoo,
Pahalgam, Qazigund, Sallar, Shahabad Bala, Shangus and Srigufwara. The district
is also divided into 16 CD blocks,viz, Achabal, Anantnag, Bijbehara, Breng, Chhitter
gul, Dachnipora, Hiller Shahabad, Khoveripora, Larnoo, Pahalgam,
Qazigund,Sagam, Shahabad,Shangus, Verinag and Vessu.
For law and order purposes, the district has been divided into nine police Stations,
viz; Anantnag (Town), Aishmuqam, Achabal,Bijbehara, Dooru, Kokernag, Mattan,
Pahalgam & Sriguf wara and 08 police posts, viz, Sherbagh, 2 General Bus
Stand Anantnag, Utterrsoo, Larnoo, Janglat Mandi, Khanabal,Sangam &
Damhall Khoshipora.
Geographical Location of Anantnag.
 Ward Wise Waste Generation at MC Anantnag

S. No. Name of Ward Waste Generation Per Day

MT
1. Bangdar 4
2. Khanabal – C 2
3. Khanabl – A 2
4. Khanabal – B 3
5. Nai Basti – A 5
6. Lal Chowk 2
7. Dangerpora 2
8. Nai Basti – C 2
9. S.K. Colony 2
10. Anchidora – A 3
11. Anchidora – B 2
12. Kadipora 2
13. Sarnal Bala 2
14. Pehroo – A 4
15. Pehroo – B 2
16. Sarnal Payeen – A 3
17. Sarnal Payeen – B 2
18. Kralteng 1
19. Mohalla Qazi 2
20. Khabazar 2
21. Khawaja Mir Ali 2
22. Hazratbal 2
23. Shirpora Bala 3
24. Ashajipora – A 2
25. Ashajipora – B 3
Total 59

Details of Location from where solid waste is collected:-

1. Khanabal Chowk
2. General Bus Adda Anantnag
3. Industrial area Sadiqabad
4. Sarnal Bala
5. Kadipora
6. Shipora Bala
7. Ashjipora
8. Lal Chowk
9. Pehroo K.P. Road
 Details of dumping site of solid waste:-
Presently MC Anantnag is dumping its waste at Stone Quarry Donipawa Anantnag.
2 Present System of Solid
Waste Management

The present scenario of SWM system in Anantnag

Actual calculation o f Solid Waste G eneration

A detailed estimate of the MSW generation has been carried out with a Sample
Survey. Based on the average waste generation by each category total waste
generation is estimated. Samples are selected from each category of waste
generators such as Households, Markets, Street Sweeping, parks and gardens etc.

The following table shows number of source and the waste generated in each source
based on the waste estimation.

TABLE 3-1 WASTE GENERATION ESTIMATION

S. N. Waste Generators No of Avg. waste Total Total

Generators / day in Kg waste(Kg) (Tonnes)
1 Household 3747 0.83 3113.6 3.11
2 Slums 145 0.5 72.5 0.07
3 Veg. Markets + Marriage Hall 5 250 1250 1.25
4 Petty Shops 10 1 10 0.01
5 Institutions 23 1 23 0.02
6 Hotels 20 5.2 104 0.10
7 Street Sweeping 0.50
8 Construction and Drainage 0.20
9 Floating Population 927 0.5 463.5 0.46
Total 5.72
The major sources of generating waste in Anantnag Households, Slums,
Commercial establishments, markets, Street Sweeping operations.

Normati ve Wa ste g eneration

In the present year 2017 estimated population of the Anantnag town is 18,809.
Considering the Solid Waste generation at the rate of 350 gm per capita per day the
total waste generated is 6.58 T / day. The normative waste generation is at higher
side and it is considered for future projections.
 Hospital an d Nursing home wa stes

Bio medical waste generated by Hospitals and clinics is separately collected by a bio
Medical Waste Collection Agency from Anantnag. It caters to all the healthcare
establishments of the town and independently handles the process of collection,
transportation, treatment and disposal of healthcare waste from medical
establishments.

Construction waste

Construction and demolition waste mostly consist of inert and non biodegradable material
such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood etc. These wastes are heavy, having high
density often bulky and occupy considerable storage space either on the road or
communal waste bin/container. Construction debris of about 0.2 TPD is also
collected and dumped at the current dumping site once a week through outsourcing.
Hotel s and Restaurants Wa ste

In Anantnag town there are a small number of restaurants and hotels with lodging
facilities. Most of them are located near in the main town. The quantity of waste
generated is relatively small therefore waste is collected by door to door collection
vehicles, twice a day.

Secondary Storage and Transport

Transportation of the solid waste generated in the town is being managed by

Anantnag Town. There are no intermediate storage depots in Anantnag, waste is
directly transported to the dumping site by vehicle. Secondary transportation refers
to collection of waste from street Sweeping and drain cleaning. Anantnag is
presently managing the secondary transportation with 2 tractor trailer and 2 auto
tippersTABLE3-6 MSW TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES

Average qty. of Total qty. of

Type of Vehicles Number waste / vehicle
Auto tippers / Mini
tippers
Tractor trailers
Tipper trucks
Dumper/ Tractor placers
No. of
waste
trips/ day
in TPD transported to
landfill site in TPD
2 3 1 3
2 3 1 3
- - - -
1 6 1 -
Compactors - - - -
Qty. of waste not lifted - - - 2
Total 6 TPD
 Treatment of Waste:

Approximate 15 MT of municipal waste is transported to landfill site everyday, where

initial segregation of waste is done by workers. Recyclables like metals, plastics, paper,
rubber etc. are separated. There is a total of about 2T of segregated waste primarily
obtained.

Compostable organic waste is shredded through the shredding machine and then
piled in the vermicomposting shed. After 45 days waste is spread for drying then
compost is screened in screening machine for 3mm, 6mm and 12mm separation.

Currently there is no Waste Packaging and Storage facility available at the site.

 Available waste treatment capacity: 25 Tons per day

TABLE 3-4: ABSTRACT OF EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY

Sr. No Type of equipment Numbers Capacity

1 Shredder 1
2 Screening machine 1 25 TPD
3 Composting units Windrow Compost Yard 20 TPD
/composting yards Vermicomposting 2 TPD
4 Baling Machine Bailing Machine

Street Sweeping

The total area of the Town is 10.59 sq. Km and total road length 32.20 kms.

At present the Town roads is divided into different types of categories such as Type
A road, Type B road and Type C road. It is proposed that all the roads of the Town
need to divided into 3 types. The schedule of Street sweeping and the road length
covered is as given below:

Table 3-5Frequency for street sweeping

Sr. No Type of Road Length of road Frequency of Sweeping

1 Type ‘A’ 5.28 Everyday
2 Type ‘B’ 11.20 Two or three times a week
3 Type ‘C’ 15.52 Once a week
4 Type ‘D’ Once a month
Total 32.00
 Tools Used

Significant amount of waste is disposed on the streets. Most of the main streets
consist of waste materials like plastic covers, paper waste etc. The Sweeping staffs are
provided long hand brooms, metal plates and wheel barrows. The street sweeping
staffs are provided with, gloves, masks, sweeping carts, gum boots and metal trays.
None of the workers wear jackets or mask to cover themselves from dust while
sweeping. Sweepers use their hands and brooms sometimes to collect waste from
waste heaps and put into plastic bags.

Municipal Solid Waste Composition

Physical Composition of Waste

About 40 kg of fresh waste was selected randomly by the waste carrying vehicles for
conducting the quartering technique. About 10 kg of waste from the selected 40 kg
of waste was selected for conducting waste composition analysis. The selected 10
kg sample was segregated with the help of rag pickers and each segregated
material is weighed.

The analysis shows an organic content in the waste of 43.3 %, 18.45% recyclable
materials, and 26.9 % of silt and stones. The quantity of silt and stone is high
because of collection of waste from roads while sweeping.

The particulars of waste composition and analysis conducted are presented below based
on the analysis conducted at the landfill. The table below gives the average waste
composition of selected samples.
 TABLE 3-7 PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF WASTE IN PERCENTAGE
Sr. No Particulars Day 1 Day 2 Average
In % In % In %
1 Plastic Material 11.7 12.2 11.95
2 Paper 6.4 6 6.2
3 Cloth pieces 11.1 10.1 10.6
4 Organic Waste 40.3 40.5 40.4
5 Glass Pieces 0.2 0.4 0.3
6 Wood Pieces 2.8 3 2.9
7 Metal Pieces 0.7 0.8 0.75
8 Silt, Stone, & Moisture 26.8 27 26.9
Total 100 100 100

Segregation of recyclables wastes

There is no systematic mechanism of Segregation of recyclable waste in Anantnag.

Segregation of waste is not practiced at generator level or at disposal. The waste
generators like households, commercial establishments and other institutions usually
dump recyclable and non-recyclable waste together in open points or in container
bins located nearby. Very few of the commercial establishments like hotels practice
the segregation of waste by storing food waste separately which is given to animal
husbandry units. Presently there is no mechanism of separate collection,
transportation or processing of the bio degradable and non-bio degradable waste in
Anantnag.
4 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM

Proposed Concept of Solid Waste Management

The mechanism of solid waste management system in Anantnag requires a reorganized

model to meet the requirements of the MSW rules 2016. The major effort required in
this regard is towards the procedural improvements of the waste segregation at
source, transportation and disposal. TP at present is collecting 61% of waste generated,
but public awareness on the solid waste management is lacking. The strategies are
suggested in the following four areas:

Public awareness: Waste generation is increasing in urban areas as the use of

packaged consumer goods is increasing. The impacts of inefficient solid waste
management are directly related to public health. It is thus very essential that the
citizens of the town be equal partners with the town administration to reduce the
problem of waste. Public participation is thus the cornerstone in a successful solid
waste management plan. Public participation is essential in the following activities.

 Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste.

 Not to throw the waste/litter on the streets drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc.
 Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source.
 Primary collection of waste
 Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial
complexes, etc. and other waste source generators.
 Pay adequately for the services provided.
Generating public awareness on these issues and garnering public participation for
an effective solid waste management in the town requires a sustained approach and
efforts by the administration and the elected representatives.

Collection of waste: Collection from all the waste generators has to be at door step in
each of the existing 15 wards. This would include residential, commercial and
institutional facilities.
Door to door collection of waste will reduce the burden of secondary collection
system due to reduced number of open points. The MSW from markets and other
common places would be collected through sweeping teams. The waste collected from
door to door system and by the sweeping teams deployed for market areas and other
public spaces will be disposed in the landfill. Roads sweeping and drain cleaning would
be a separate waste flow from collection to disposal.

Collection of segregated municipal waste from the

source of its generation is an essential step in solid
waste management. Inefficient waste collection
service has an impact on public health and aesthetics
of Towns and cities. Collection of wet and dry
waste separately enhances the potential of cost
effective treatment of such wastes and of deriving
optimum advantage from the recyclable material
fed into the system.
2 differently coloured bins, 10-15 litres each per
household are recommended to promote and
ensure segregation:
• Covered Green Bin: Wet waste
• Covered Blue Bin: Dry Waste
Waste Collection bins at
optimum distance(between 25-
250 meters)should be placed at
public places to avoid littering
On site composting of yard waste/
green waste could also be promoted

The proposed concept requires establishing primary waste collection and

transportation system. This would result in reduced burden of solid waste
management on secondary transportation and will reduce the number of open points
in the town. Resource recovery is a significant component of the new proposal. Dry
waste collection centre would be set up as per design requirements. It is also proposed
to integrate the informal and recycling sector involving rag pickers and kabadiwalas
prevalent in Anantnag into the formal system by recognizing their work and by
providing required support services.

Role of the Informal Sector in Primary Waste Collection

The involvement of the informal sector is also to be examined and integrated into the
waste management system of the town. The informal sector in any town comprises of two
systems
The informal “kabadi system” network forms an important link in the overall waste recycling
system prevalent in the country. They can be compared to micro-entrepreneurs who buy
reusable and
wastes to the “kabadi system”, as they constitute the first link
in the waste recycling system.

Rag pickers are also an recyclable material like newspapers, metal, glass, cardboards,
plastics, etc. from households or commercial areas. Citizens should be encouraged to
continue the
practice of selling recyclable important part of the informal recycling system and are
instrumental in recovering discarded recyclables in disposed municipal waste that have not
been bought by the kabadi system. In an ideal system, rag pickers should be integrated into
the system by training and employing them for door-to-door collection of waste by the
RWA’s, NGOs, CBOs and the like. The rag pickers who work as waste collectors should be
allowed to collect recyclables separately alongside wet and dry fractions.
Rag pickers may also be encouraged to form cooperatives, through the involvement of
local NGOs/Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and may be allowed to collect recyclables from
households. Such initiatives will not only ensure a higher level of income to rag pickers,
but will also ensure hygienic conditions for rag pickers and environmentally safe waste
recycling practices. Also, a lot of rag pickers are usually harassed by the police, property
owners, and shop keepers in the vicinity. Many of them have to justify their work to
various people and are condemned by society. Many of them are in fact women, who
have to live with the insecurity of harassment and threat to their livelihood. Organizing
them into cooperatives tend to protect their rights thereby retaining their dignity of
labour, work, their right to livelihood and right to access recyclables.
ULBs should make concerted efforts to integrate the informal sector of rag pickers into
regular waste collection operations through the private sector, NGOs, RWAs etc.
Transportation of waste:

The transportation of the waste will be classified into primary and secondary
transportation.

 The primary transportation vehicles will be auto tippers, hand carts and 4
wheeled vehicles involved in door to door collection. These primary
transportation vehicles will collect the waste from the generators on a daily
basis and dispose the waste at intermediate transfer stations.
 The secondary transportation of waste from road sweeping and drainage cleaning
will be done by tractor trailers. Tractor trailers will be used to transport
drainage waste and construction and demolition debris.
 Street sweeping and drain cleaning waste is to
be collected in separate bins and transported
directly to the sanitary landfill facility
Both manual and mechanical street cleaning
are suggested. However manual street
cleaning is preferred in narrow, congested
streets and in streets where the road carpeting
is damaged.
Skip Trucks are recommended for
transportation
of large quantities of C&D and inert waste

Truck mounted with pressure water jetting and suction machine

In order to ensure that sweepers do not

dispose waste into drains, same staff that is
responsible for cleaning street should be
made responsible for cleaning adjacent
drains as well

Silt removed from surfaced rains and stored

on the shore of the drain should be
collected as soon as possible and
transported directly to the
landfill

Disposal of waste

The final disposal of the waste has to be through a landfill site, after removal of the
recyclable and biodegradable waste. This need to be processed separately and only
inert and non-biodegradable waste should be taken to the landfill site. The handling of
waste and the landfill site has to be scientific to avoid accidents.
 M UNICIPALS OLIDW AST EM ANAGEM ENT D ETAI LEDPROJECTREPORT

Proposed Waste Flow Processes

The municipal wastes generated in the town will be collected using the following different types of collection systems as
follows

FIGURE 5-1PROPOSED WASTE FLOWCHART FOR ALNAVAR

Prepared by:
Shaista Siraj
35
 M UNICIPALS OLIDW ASTEM ANAGEM ENT D ETAILEDPROJECTREPORT

Storage of waste at Source

No waste should be thrown on the streets, footpaths, open spaces, drains or water
bodies, nallas etc. Waste should be stored at source of waste generation in two bins/
bags, one for food waste/ bio-degradable waste and another for recyclable waste such
as papers, plastic, metal, glass, rags etc.

Waste such as batteries , containers for chemical plastics pesticides, discarded

medicines and other toxic or hazardous household waste, if and when produced,
should be kept separately from the above two streams of waste.

Segregation of Waste at Source

The TP has conducted IEC campaigns to achieve waste segregation at source. The local
body may draw up a program of conducting awareness campaign in various wards of
the town utilizing the ward committees, local NGO’s and resident welfare association.
Detailed IEC programme is provided in Chapter 8. The waste segregated at source is
a resource itself.
M UNICIPALS OLIDW ASTEM ANAGEM ENT D ETAILEDPROJECTREPORT

Prepared by:
Aadil Rashid 36
 Door to Door Collection and Routing Plan

Collection of municipal wastes from Households and commercial establishments like

provision stores and institutions like colleges, temples, theatres, malls etc would be
part of door to door collection system. The primary transportation vehicles like hand
carts, auto tippers or 4 wheeled tippers will be used for door to door collection. The
deployed door to door collection vehicles would visit each and every waste generator
in the deployed area. The collected waste will be disposed by these vehicles directly
to the Landfill site.

The collected waste will be disposed by these vehicles into the landfill site directly.
There is no provision of Secondary Storage proposed. The containers bins used for
secondary storage are not viable or inefficient SWM system.

Door to door collection of waste would be introduced for collection of waste from
residential and commercial waste generators in Alnavar. AlnavarTP would be responsible
for conducting door to door collection operations. The TP shall provide the man power,
vehicles and equipment’s required for the door to door collection mechanism.

Prepared by: r
Aadil Rashid 39
The residents and other waste generators are expected to store the waste and hand
over the waste to the door to door waste collection staff. TP should insist the waste
generators

Prepared by: r
Aadil Rashid 39
to dispose the waste only through door to door step mechanism and avoid throwing
the waste into open points and drainages. The door to door waste collection staff
would collect the waste each and every day including national holidays and Sundays

TP should make it mandatory to waste generator that waste need to be segregated

at source. Also it has been advised to procure 3 Plastic bins at waste generator, so
that waste can be stored separately. The segregated dry waste and wet waste will be
collected by Auto- Tipper or four wheeled tipper. Auto Tipper or Ghantagadi will carry
this waste to Dry Waste collection centres to deposit dry waste separately and only
wet waste will be carried to Landfill site for further processing and disposal. The dry
waste or Recyclable material can be collected at regular intervals as may be
convenient to the waste producer and the TP.

The door to door collection operations will be done using a combination of auto
tippers, push carts. The numbers of each type of vehicles required for door to door
collection have been calculated in the estimates for each individual package.

Streets sweeping

Conducting street sweeping operations, cleaning and removal of waste from public
places, office areas, administrative areas, markets, parks and other general places are
considered for collection of waste using sweeping mechanism. The street sweeping
staff would clean these areas regularly considering the quantity of waste generated in
these generators. The requirement of Push Carts and Tractor for the street sweeping
are explained in the section below. The sweepers should be compulsorily given
safety equipments. The table below gives the details of the safety equipments to be
given to sweepers
Sr. Safety
Safety against Specifications Picture
no. equipment

Full arm Protection against

2 Factory wear uniforms
Uniform dust

Safety Minor wounds while PVC make, water

3 proof
shoes sweeping
shoes

Protection against Standard toilet

4 Hand gloves
infection cleaning gloves

Protection against Transparent factory

5 Eye glasses
dust wear

Protection against
6 Head cover Standard surgical wear
dust