WELCOM

E
TO THE PRESENTATION
 Y F O R
I O L O G
SO C
E R S
A PRESENTATION
N
ON
L A N
CULTURAL LAG,
P DIFFUTION AND CULTURAL
ACCULTURATION
This presentation is presented by:

#{140438} ; Md. Ashaduzzaman

What is culture ?

# Culture is that complex whole which

includes knowledge, believes, arts,
morals, laws, customs and any other
habits and capabilities acquired by a
man as a member of society.
# A set of shared ideas, actions,
principals, beliefs and values.
What is cultural lag ?

#Cultural lag is a term to describe what happens in a social

system when the cultural ideas used to regulate social life do
not keep pace with other social changes.


# The spread of cultural ideas from their place of origin to

other regions, groups or nations.
Example of cultural lag:

# Medical technology is being used to keep

people’s bodies functioning long after they
would otherwise have been considered dead.
This raises cultural questions about when life
ends, who has the right to end artificial life
support, etc. The development of new
cultural beliefs, values, and norms lags
behind the dilemmas posed by the
technological change. 
Cultural lag theory :

# Cultural Lag is the notion that culture

takes time to catch up with technological
innovations, and that social problems and
conflicts are caused by this lag.
# Ogburn posited four stages of technical
development: invention, accumulation,
diffusion, and adjustment.
Today cultural lag :

# School Calendars
# Cancer Vaccine
# Stem Cells
# In Vitro Fertilization
Over come cultural lag :

# Educational development
# Awareness of people
# More concentration on physical development
# Emphasis on technological development
# More attention on social changes
# High opportunity to use modern technology
# Control market price
# Increasing GDP
What is diffusion?

# Diffusion is a social process through which

cultural knowledge, practices, and materials spread
from one social system to another. As opportunities
for interaction across cultures increases, so does the
rate of diffusion.
What is cultural diffusion?

# Cultural diffusion is the spreading of ideas or

products from one culture to another.

# The spread of cultural ideas from their place of

origin to other regions, groups or nations.
Example of cultural diffusion:

# Common Cultural Diffusions

# Religious Cultural Diffusion
# Cultural Diffusion in Technology 
# Economic Cultural Diffusion
Common Cultural Diffusions :

# A Chinatown is an area with people from China, Taiwan, Hong Kong,

and Macao and these exist all over the world.

# Some people in the United States play hockey, which is played in

Canada.

# The spread of music throughout the world shows cultural difussion.

For example, jazz started as a blend of the music of Africa and the
Caribbean.

# Southern cities in the United States, especially border towns, have

signs in both English and Spanish.
Religious Cultural Diffusion :

# Christianity started in Israel and has spread all over the world.

# An example of forced diffusion is the Afghans forcing the Nuristanis

to convert to Islam.

# India is home to many religions: Buddhists, Christians, Muslims and

Hindi.

# An example of forced diffusion is the Spanish, French, English and

Portuguese forcing the native population of the Americas to become
Christian.   

Cultural Diffusion in Technology  :

# Paper was first made in China and soon spread to the Middle East and
Europe.

# Kygryz herders in Afghanistan are isolated from the rest of the world
and they have cell phones for playing music and taking pictures, even
though there is no cellular service there.

# Gunpowder originated in China and eventually came to Europe.

# The fax machine was developed in Germany and was then made into a
worldwide product by the Japanese.
Economic Cultural Diffusion :

# Trade has been a means of cultural diffusion over the centuries. One
example is the Silk Road, over which caravans would travel and
exchange goods between Europe and Asia.

# An article of clothing can be made from cotton grown in one country

and then assembled in another.

# Coca-Cola products are found all over the world.

# In Himalayan villages, you can find people wearing blue jeans
Type of diffusion:

# Expansion diffusion
# Relocation diffusion
# Hierarchical diffusion
# Contagious diffusion
# Stimulus diffusion
Theories of cultural diffusion:

# Hyperdiffusionism —the theory that all

cultures originated from one culture.
# Culture circles diffusionism (Kulturkreise)—
the theory that cultures originated from a
small number of cultures.
Mechanisms of cultural diffusion:

Direct diffusion

Cultural
diffusion Indirect diffusion

Forced diffusion
Direct diffusion :

# Direct diffusion of culture occurs when two distinct

cultures are very close together. Over time, direct contact
between the two leads to an intermingling of the cultures.
Historically this occurred through trade, intermarriage, and
sometimes warfare because members of the various cultures
interacted with each other for long periods. An example
today would be the similar interest in soccer in some areas
of the United States and Mexico.
Forced diffusion:

# Forced diffusion or expansion diffusion is the second

method of cultural diffusion and takes place when one
culture defeats another and forces its beliefs and customs
onto the conquered people. An example here would be when
the Spanish took over lands in the Americas and later forced
the original inhabitants to convert to Roman Catholicism in
the 16th and 17th Centuries
Indirect diffusion :

# Indirect diffusion type happens when cultural ideas are

spread through a middleman or even another culture. An
example here would be the popularity of Italian food
throughout North America. Technology, mass media, and the
internet are both playing a huge role in promoting this type
of cultural diffusion around the world today.
What is acculturation?
# Acculturation is a process in which members of one cultural group
adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group. Although
acculturation is usually in the direction of a minority group adopting
habits and language patterns of the dominant group, acculturation can
be reciprocal--that is, the dominant group also adopts patterns typical
of the minority group. Acculturation may be evidenced by changes in
language preference, adoption of common attitudes and values,
members hip in common social groups and institutions, and loss of
separate political or ethnic identification.
 
Example of acculturation:
# A first generation Italian who lives in an Italian enclave in
the United States may continue to speak just Italian and to
follow the norms and mores of his Italian origins. This person
will not have become highly acculturated to American culture.

# The granddaughter of a Chinese immigrant has gone to

American schools and will now attend an American college. She
spends time primarily with her American friends, dresses as
they do and shares their values and interests. She has become
highly acculturated into American culture. "
 
The concept of acculturation :

# Acculturation contexts
# Acculturation strategies
# Acculturative stress
# Adaptation
# Applications
The Stages of Cultural
Adjustment:
# 1stThe Honeymoon Phase: marked by feelings of idealism
and optimism
# 2ndThe Hostility Phase: marked by feelings of frustration,
confusion, and discontent; often times feeling as if one does
not belong
# 3rdThe Humor Phase: marked by a period of reflection
upon previous experiences and the ability to laugh at one’s
own confusion
# 4thThe Home Phase: marked by feelings of belonging and
renewed feelings of optimism
Why is acculturation so hard?
# Adjusting to a new culture is often a very difficult and
frustrating experience . The difficulty of this adjustment is
due in no small part to the dynamic nature of culture.
# It is important to understand the characteristics of culture
in order to understand why it can be so overwhelming at
times.
# Culture development stems from environmental factors.
# Culture binds a group of people together (norms, values,
etc.)
# Culture is dynamic in nature.
THANKS TO ALL
FOR JOIN WITH US

THE END