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Faculty of Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory

Group: 3 Section: 1-25

Members: Rating ___________


FLESTADO, Joshua C.
FLORES, Margaret E . Date submitted: May 22, 2019
FRANCO, Laurence S.
GAVINA, Jan Vincent P.
GOMEZ, Kyle Eric Francis L.
ACTIVITY # 7
ELECTROMAGNETISM
I. Objectives
1. To identify the polarities of the electromagnet
2. To determine the effect of number of coils and applied current on the magnetic field
strength
II. Data and Results

Table 1. Polarity
Left Center Right
Center coil South South South
Inverted center coil North North North
Side coils South North South
Side coils with inverted left North Neutral South

Table 2. Increasing number of turns

e.g.

Center coil Center + 1 leg coil Center + 2 leg coils


Distance (mm) 5 mm 6 mm 7 mm

Table 3. Increasing current


(Center coil + 2 leg coils)
Current (A) 0.1 A 0.2 A 0.3 A
Distance (mm) 4 mm 7 mm 10 mm

III. Proofs
Table Table 1. Polarity
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Img 1.1 Center Coil Img 1.1 Inverted Center Coil

Img 1.1 Side Coils Img 1.1 Side coils with inverted left
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Table 2. Increasing number of turns


Img.2.1. Center Coil

Table 3. Increasing current


Img 3.1 Center coil + 2 leg coils

IV. Observation and Summary


1. What happens when a coil is inverted in the first part of the experiment? Support and
explain your answer by drawing the magnetic field around the coil for (a) center coil, (b)
inverted center coil, (c) side coils, and (d) side coils with inverted left.
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Center Coil. The magnetic field is concentrated into a uniformly field at the center
resulting for a weak and diverge field outside the solenoid. As in any solenoid, the
magnetic field lines loop around the coil, within the coil and along the length; the field
lines are parallel to the axis of the coil. Therefore, when the coils have current flowing
within, the bars will behave like bar magnets consisting of a north pole on one side and a
south pole on the opposite side. An illustration can be done by moving a bar magnet on a
swivel all around the coil, inside and outside, or the magnetic dip needle. When placing a
magnet near the open area of the coil, causes alignment to itself in a parallel manner to the
coil axis, depending on the coil is in the north or south side.

2. Explain the effect of number of turns and current applied on the magnetic field strength.
How do these parameters cause an increase/decrease in the strength of your electromagnet?

The current or the number of turns in a coil is directly proportional to the strength of
the electromagnet. The power or the intensity of a coil’s magnetic field depends on the
number of turns of wire within the coil and the amount of current running in the coil. An
electromagnet is a temporary magnet and the magnetic field only survives when an electric
current is running through it. With that being said, when the aforementioned parameters are
being increase through increasing the magnitude of the current, the number of windings
and the core material then the electromagnetic strength of the field will also increase. In
increasing the magnitude of the current, there are ways to do so:

a. Increasing the Voltage. Current is directly proportional to voltage, thus if one is


running a electromagnet on a 6-volt battery, switch to a 12-volt one. One can't keep
increasing voltage indefinitely, but, because of an increase on wire resistance by
temperature until a limiting current is achieved. With that, the next option will be
identified.
b. Lowerig the Wire Gauge: Wire resistance decreases with increasing cross-sectional
area. Reducing the gauge is synonymous with increasing the wire thickness. For
example, if a 16-gauge wire is replaced with 14-gauge wrapped on a solenoid, the
magnet will be stronger.
c. Lowering the Temperature: Resistance increases with temperature. For an instance,
one should maintain the magnet at below-freezing temperatures rather than magnet the
magnt in a room temperature, although the difference probably won't be significantly
high. Because when at extremely low temperatures, resistance almost disappears and
the wires become super-conducting.
d. Usage of Wire with High Conductivity: An increased current by upgrading to a wire
with a higher conductivity. For example, a copper wire is probably the most conductive
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and convenient material for electromagnetic experiments, but a silver wire is more
conductive.

3. As engineers, what are some ways you can use electromagnets?

Electromagnetism is defined as the group of magnetic fields with the use of an


electric current in a certain conductor. In our daily lives as an engineer, we use a wide
variety of electromagnets to make our lives easier. There are a lot of applications in
electromagnetism namely: the magnetic switch in which we use as an alarm system,
recorders for the function of a magnetic surface, solenoids for opening or closing
automotive engine valves and car door locks, relays which are the types of electrical switch
and amplifier, speakers, electric motor, and electric generator.

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