Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NOSE
– the organ through which the air enters and is filtered
NASAL CAVITY
- part of the inner nose that contains cilia
*CILIA
- hair-like structure that filters the inhaled air
GLOTTIS
- between the food tube and air tube that lead to the
larynx
*EPIGLOTTIS
- protects glottis from swallowing food
*LARYNX/VOICE BOX
TRACHEA/WINDPIPE
- empty tube that serves as passageway of air into the lungs
BRONCHI
-two branching tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs
BRONCHIOLES
-the hair-like tubes that connect to the alveoli
ALVEOLI
- air sacs that allow gas exchange in the lungs
CIRCULATORY/CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
-life support structure that nourishes your cells with food and oxygen
- responsible for distributing materials throughout the body
-transports and eliminates wastes away from the body
MAJOR PARTS:
1. HEART
– pumps the blood throughout the body
2. BLOOD VESSEL
– carries the blood throughout the body
ARTERIES
- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells,
tissues, and organs of the body
*AORTA – largest artery
VEINS
– carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
*VENA CAVA – largest vein
*VENULES – system of veins
CAPILLARIES
- the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the
smallest arteries to the smallest veins - the actual site
where
gases and nutrients are exchanged
3. BLOOD
-carries the materials throughout the body
3. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
-movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body
excluding lungs
HUMAN HEART
-an involuntary muscle
- pumps blood throughout the body
-a muscular organ with four hollow chambers (right and left atria, right
and left ventricles)
ATRIA
-receiving chambers of the heart
-top chamber
RIGHT ATRIUM
– accepting blood from the body
– controls the heartbeat
LEFT ATRIUM
– accepting blood from the lungs
VENTRICLES
-pumping chambers of the heart
-squeezes blood out into the arteries
-bottom chamber
RIGHT VENTRICLE
– moving blood to the lungs
LEFT VENTRICLE
– moving blood to the body
VALVE
-prevent blood from flowing backwards
-keep the blood moving in only one direction
-control movement of blood into the heart chambers out to the aorta
and the pulmonary artery
SEPTUM
-a dividing wall in tissues
HEART’S THREE LAYERS OF TISSUES:
1. ENDOCARDIUM
-innermost layer
-thin smooth membrane that lies inside the chambers of the heart
-forms the surface of the valves
2. MYOCARDIUM
-middle layer
-muscular wall of the heart
3. PERICARDIUM
-outer layer
-tough double layered fibrous sac which covers the heart
-skin of the heart
VENTRICLES
-pumps blood at the lower parts of the body
AURICLES
-receiver of blood at the upper part of the body
VALVES
-controls the movement of the blood
-used to protect the backflow of the blood vessels
BICUSPID VALVE
– mitral valve
-gateway / entrance of blood vessels
TRICUSPID VALVE
– transport blood vessels all over the body
– located between the right atrium and right ventricle
HEARTBEAT
-complete movement/alternating movement of the heart by simply
contraction and relaxation of the ventricles
PACEMAKER
-tiny machine inserted to a person to make the heartbeat evenly
-should be put at the back part of the right atrium
PULSE RATE
-rhythmic waves of the heart through the body resulting from
contraction of the heart
SYSTOLE (120)
-contraction of the heart muscle
DIASTOLE (80)
-relaxation of the heart muscle
CIGARETTE SMOKING
- harms nearly every organ in the body; causing many illnesses and
affecting health in general
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
INCREASED HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
THE RESPIRATORY DISEASES CAUSED BY SMOKING
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
EMPHYSEMA
ASTHMA
COUGH &COLDS
TUBERCULOSIS
LUNG CANCER