30-09-2010

ERP – Enterprise Resources and planning

1. SAP – ECC - Systems Applications and products – ERP Central Components

SAP – ECC latest version is 7.0 but maximum companies use 6.0

2. ORACLE Fusion

3. Baan

4. RamCo

 In Non-ERP technologies like oracle/VB we have to create tables and

applications where as in ERP technologies we have predefined tables and
applications

 SAP-ERP have 17,000 pre-defined tables and 11,000 pre-defined applications

 ABAP – Advanced Business Applications Programming (or) ABAP/4

Language. Here 4 stands for 4th Generation Language.

ABAP Language has 4 concepts

1. DYN PROS (or) ABAP Transactions

2. Batch Data Conversion (BDC)

3. ABAP Reports

4. Scripts and Smart forms

1. DYN PROS: - To modify pre-defined applications as per companies requirements

we use DYN PROS.

2. BDC: - To transfer data from non SAP to SAP we use Batch Data Conversion

3. ABAP Reports:- ABAP Reports are to design reports in SAP. Reports are to do
business analysis.
4. Scripts & Smart Forms:- These maintains communication between SAP and
business partners. Business partners mean Vendors and Customers.

 SAP-ECC is a product of SAP-AG. SAP-AG is a German Based

Company. AG stands for Ltd.

 SAP-ECC designed based on RDBMS functionality

 ABAP language designed based on C & COBOL

 SAP is platform independent & even database independent

 SAP-ECC is Net weaver technology. Net weaver technology means by default

supports to web-environment

 SAP Softwares available as

1. IDES software (International Demo Educational System):- Which is for

SAP training. It has data & examples for training

2. Production Software: - Which is for companies. It doesn’t have examples

and data.

Pre-requisites to learn ABAP Language:-

1. Table creation in ORACLE

2. SQL statements

3. Differences between call by value, call by reference

4. Basics of Loops.
SAP-ECC architecture:- SAP-ECC is a 3-tier architecture

1. SAP presentation server which is equivalent to client in client server

technology. Her front end can be installed.

2. SAP application server: Here only ABAP language can work. Here only
11,000 pre-defined applications can be maintained

3. SAP database server: Here 17,000 pre-defined tables can be maintained

 From SAP-AG, earlier to SAP-ECC there is a concept called SAP R/3

(Systems Applications and products Real time 3-tier architecture)

 SAP R/3 latest version is 4.7. SAP R/3 is not Net weaver technology.
 Websites:

www.saptechnical.com

www.sapmaterial.com

www.help.sap.com

www.sdn.sap.com

1.10.2010

 Work flow can transfers data across positions in SAP.

 RFC (Remote Function Call): - RFC can transfer data across SAP
technologies.
  BAPIs (Business Applications Programming Interfaces): - BAPIs
maintain communication between SAP & Non-stop front ends. Non-SAP front end
means JAVA/VB/.NET.

New dimensional products from SAP-AG: -

1. SAP-PI: - PI means Process Integration. Earlier this can be called as SAP-XI. XI

means Exchange Infrastructure. This is Net weaver component. PI is a middleware
technology. It acts as a translator. To work with PI, pre-requisites are ABAP,
Advanced ABAP & basic Java.

2. SAP-Web Apps: - Web Apps means web application server. This is also Net
weaver component. This is equivalent to Java web server.

3. SAP-EP: - EP means Enterprise Portal. This is also Net weaver component. This
is to design web applications in Net weaver technology. To learn EP, prerequisites
are ABAP, Advanced ABAP & complete Java.

4. SAP-BI: - BI means Business Intelligence. This is data ware housing technology.

This is also Net weaver component. For this ABAP & Advanced ABAP are pre-
requisites.

5. SAP-BO: - BO means Business objects. This is a front end tool for data ware
housing technology.

Projects in SAP Environment: -

1. Development projects (or) Front end implementation projects

2. Up gradation projects

3. Support projects
Upgradation projects: - Upgradation means upgrading SAP version to version. For
example SAP R/3 4.7 to SAP-ECC 6.0.

Support projects: - support means making changes in existing objects as per

current requirements.

Development projects: - This can be called as End-to-End implementation

projects or life cycle implementation projects. New implementations considered as
development projects.

 ASAP methodology gives road map how to handle projects. Maximum

SAP projects can be handled with ASAP methodology. ASAP means
Accelerated SAP. It gives road map for projects implementation.

 SAP-AG while supplying SAP s/w, it can supply s/w with client-000.
Here client means collection of user-id’s. Apart from client-000, two more
clients are there in SAP s/w. These are Sand Box client & Early Watch client.

 Client-000 can be called as master client or Universal client. This is

accessible to BASIS only, means Administrator.

 BASIS by copying client-000, he can create 3 clients.

1. Development client

2. Test client

3. Production client.

 ABAP programmer can access Development and Test client

 SAP-Functional can access all 3 clients.

 End users can access only production clients.

 Development client is to develop objects. For example creation of tables.

  Test client is to test objects. After testing completed finally objects can be
placed in production client.

 Client number starts with 8 means IDES s/w. Don’t discuss about
this. Don’t ever discuss client-000

4.10.2010

 ABAP Dictionary is pre-defined application from 11,000 pre defined

applications

 For ABAP Dictionary, transaction code is SE11. SE stands for System

Engineering.
  ABAP Editor transaction code is SE38

 Class builder transaction code is SE24

 Function builder transaction code is SE37

 Screen Painter transaction code is SE51

 Menu painter transaction code is SE41

 Object Navigator transaction code is SE80

 From 11,000 pre-defined applications ABAP programmer can access

7 pre defined applications only.

ABAP
Workbench

Dialog 1. SE11
Updat
Front end ue 2. SE38 e
Servic servic
Office Cross e 3. SE24 e
Application
components 4. SE37

Information 5. SE51
system tools
6. SE41

7. SE80
SAP Presentation SAP Application SAP Database
server server server

 Dialogue service maintains communication between presentation server and

application server
  Update service maintains communication between application server and
database server.

 In Application server table created using SE11 and table stored in SE80

 “ACTIVATE” transfers object from application server to database server.

Pre-defined function keys in ABAP:

F3  Back

F8  Execute

Ctrl + S  Save

Ctrl + F3  Activate

Naming conventions in ABAP Language:

If object is user defined start object name with Y or Z.

ABAP Processor Functionality:

ABAP processor is an interpreter, executes all objects in ABAP language based on

Character format.

5.10.2010

Database Table Creation:

Name : ZEMP (Starting with Z means user defined table)

Fields : ENO, ENAME

 To create table we use ABAP Dictionary. ABAP Dictionary is a predefined

application. This is in ABAP Workbench. Transaction code is SE11.

 In Oracle we create table with syntax. Where as in SAP not possible to create
table with syntax.

 To create table in SAP we use ABAP Dictionary. In ABAP Dictionary we handle

screens to create tables.

Domain Screen: Domain screen is to assign data type and size to the field.

Data element Screen: In SAP field labels can maintain from front end like
client/server technology. In SAP field labels can be maintain from backend also,
which is not possible in client/server technology.

To maintain field labels in backend we use Data element screen. Data

element screen is optional because field labels can be kept from front end also.

Maintaining field with Data Element screen (Field ENO):

1. Select ABAP Dictionary. Transaction code is SE11

2. Select Domain screen

3. Provide domain name as per naming conventions. (ie. ZKENO_DOMAIN)

4. Select create

5. Provide short description to domain (ie. DOMAIN FOR FIELD ENO). Field with
‘?’ is mandatory field.

6. Provide data type character (CHAR)

7. Provide size. Means number of characters for ENO (ie. 10)

8. Save. Use CTRL+S for save

9. Leave package as blank

10. Select local object in status bar in the window

11. Activate domain. Use CTRL+F3 to activate

12. Back F3

13. Select ABAP Dictionary. From that select Data type

14. Provide data element name (ie. ZKENO_DATA)

15. Select create

16. Select Data element screen. Enter

17. Maintain short description (DATA ELEMENT FOR ENO)

18. Provide Domain name created. (ie. ZKENO_DOMAIN)

19. Select field label

20. Length of label is 20.

21. Provide label EMPLOYEE NUMBER

22. Save data element screen (CTRL+S)

23. Leave package as blank

24. Select local object

25. Activate data element (CTRL+F3)

26. Select ABAP dictionary

27. Select Database table.

 28. Provide table name creating. (ie. ZKEMP_TABLE)

29. Select create

30. Maintain short description to table (ie. EMPLOYEE TABLE)

31. Provide Display/Maintenance allowed.

32. Select fields option

33. Provide field ENO. Enable primary key for ENO

34. Assign data element created to that field (ie. ZKENO_DATA)

35. Enter

Maintaining field without Data Element (Field- ENAME):

1. Provide field ENAME

2. Select built in type incase of without data type

3. Provide data type & length for ENAME (ie. CHAR & Length – 40)

4. Save

5. Leave package as blank

6. Select local object

7. Enter

8. Select technical settings option

9. Provide Data class “APPL0”

10. Provide size category “0”

11. Save

12. F3 to move back

 13. Activate table

Inserting entries into table:

1. Select ABAP dictionary

2. Select database table

3. Provide table name created. (ie. ZKEMP_TABLE)

4. Select change

5. Select Utilities in the menu bar

6. Select table contents

7. Select create entries

8. Enter entries and save

Displaying Existing records from table:

1. Select Utilities  Table contents  Display in the menu bar

2. Execute (F8)

6.10.2010

Database Structures: Using database structures concept, fields can be added to

pre-defined tables. In SAP directly to add fields in pre-defined tables is not possible.

To add a structure SAP key words are .INCLUDE, .APPEND

.INCLUDE, .APPEND are SAP provided keywords to add database structures to

predefined tables.

Difference between .Include and .Append:-

 .Include allows to reuse database structure

.Append can restrict structure to specific table only.

 Once structure added to the tables then only it holds data

 Structure with in a structure is possible.

Database Structure creation:-

1. Select ABAP Dictionary. Transaction code is SE11

2. Select DATA TYPE

3. Enter structure name (ie. ZKEMP_STR)

4. Select Create

5. Select Structure and press Enter

6. Maintain short description to structure (ie. STRUCTURE TO ADD A FIELD TO

EMPLOYEE TABLE)

7. Maintain Field in structure. Here component means field (ie. EADDRESS)

8. Assign DATA ELEMENT to field EADDRESS (ie. In the component type

ZKEADDRESS DATA). Here component type is a DATA ELEMENT.

9. Save details (ctrl+s)

10.Provide package $TMP. $TMP is nothing but local object

11.Press enter

12.Double click on DATA ELEMENT to create

13.Enter

14.Select DATA ELEMENT to create

15.Enter

16.Maintain short description (ie. DATA ELEMENT FOR EADDRESS).

17.Provide DOMAIN (ie. ZKEADD DOMAIN)

18.Select FIELD LABLE

19.Length of label is 20 & label “EMPLOYEE ADDRESS”.

20.Save DATA ELEMENT

21.Provide package $TMP and press enter

22.Select DATA TYPE

23.Double click on DOMAIN to create

24.Enter

25.Maintain short description (ie. Domain for field EADDRESS).

26.Data type “CHAR”

27.No. of characters “40”.

28.Save DOMAIN

29.Provide package $TMP press enter

30.Activate DOMAIN (ctrl + f3)

31.F3 to move back

32.Activate DATA ELEMENT

33.F3 to move back

34.Activate struture