In electrical engineering and computer science, image processing is any form of signal

processing for which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of
image processing may be either an image or, a set of characteristics or parameters related to the
image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal
and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it.

Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image
processing also are possible. This article is about general techniques that apply to all of them.
The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.

==Typical operations==operation

The red, green, and blue color channels of a photograph by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-
Gorskii, the fourth image is a composite

• Euclidean geometry transformations such as enlargement, reduction, and rotation

• Color corrections such as brightness and contrast adjustments, color mapping, color
balancing, quantization, or color translation to a different color space
• Digital compositing or optical compositing (combination of two or more images), which
is used in film-making to make a "matte"
• Interpolation, demosaicing, and recovery of a full image from a raw image format using a
Bayer filter pattern
• Image registration, the alignment of two or more images
• Image differencing and morphing
• Image recognition, for example, may extract the text from the image using optical
character recognition or checkbox and bubble values using optical mark recognition
• Image segmentation
• High dynamic range imaging by combining multiple images
• Geometric hashing for 2-D object recognition with affine invariance

Contents
[hide]

• 1 Applications
• 2 See also
• 3 Further reading

• 4 External links
 [edit] Applications
Further information: Imaging

• Computer vision
• Optical sorting
• Augmented Reality
• Face detection
• Feature detection
• Lane departure warning system
• Non-photorealistic rendering
• Medical image processing
• Microscope image processing
• Morphological image processing
• Remote sensing

[edit] See also

• Imaging
• Photo manipulation
• List of image analysis software
• Near sets
• Multidimensional systems

[edit] Further reading

• Tinku Acharya and Ajoy K. Ray. Image Processing - Principles and Applications. Wiley
InterScience. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=smBw4-
xvfrIC&lpg=PP1&ots=FVFYaOATEF&dq=image%20processing%20ajoy
%20ray&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
• Wilhelm Burger and Mark J. Burge (2007). Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic
Approach Using Java. Springer. ISBN 1846283795 and ISBN 3540309403.
http://www.imagingbook.com/.
• R. Fisher, K Dawson-Howe, A. Fitzgibbon, C. Robertson, E. Trucco (2005). Dictionary
of Computer Vision and Image Processing. John Wiley. ISBN 0-470-01526-8.
• Bernd Jähne (2002). Digital Image Processing. Springer. ISBN 3-540-67754-2.
• Tim Morris (2004). Computer Vision and Image Processing. Palgrave Macmillan.
ISBN 0-333-99451-5.
• Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle (1999). Image Processing, Analysis, and
Machine Vision. PWS Publishing. ISBN 0-534-95393-X.

[edit] External links

 • Lectures on Image Processing, by Alan Peters. Vanderbilt University. Updated 28 April
2008.
• EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing — Open Access journal on Image
Processing
• Image processing algorithms, implementations and demonstrations

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Image processing is the application of signal processing techniques to the domain of images —
two-dimensional signals such as photographs or video. Image processing does typically involve
filtering an image using various types of filters.

Related category: Imaging.

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Subcategories
This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 9 total.

C I M cont.

• [+] Computer vision • [+] Interpolation (2 C, • [+] Medical

(13 C, 92 P) 48 P) imaging (7 C, 202
P)
D L

• [+] Digital • [+] Light (5 C, 31 P)

photography (3 C,
110 P) M
G • [×] Mathematical
morphology (15 P)
• [+] Graphics file
formats (4 C, 195 P)

Pages in category "Image processing"

The following 190 pages are in this category, out of 260 total. This list may not reflect recent
changes (learn more).

• Image processing
D cont. I cont.
A
• Deconvolution • Image resolution
• AIR (program) • Decorrelation • Image scaling
• ANIMAL (image • Deep image • Image stitching
processing) compositing • Image warping
• Abel transform • Density slicing • ImageJ
• ActionShot • Difference of • Imageapp
• Acutance Gaussians • Imaging phantom
 • Adaptive Binary • Digital image • Inpainting
Optimization • Digital image • Integrated Software
• Adaptive histogram processing for Imagers and
equalization • Direct Graphics Spectrometers
• Affine shape Access • Interest point
adaptation • Distance transform detection
• Aguru Images • Document Layout • Intrinsic dimension
• Alpha to coverage Analysis • IQinVision
• Analog image • Drizzle (image
processing processing) J
• Angle of view • Dynamic imaging
• Anisotropic diffusion
• JPIP
• Spatial anti-aliasing E
• Jaggies
• Anti-Grain Geometry
• Audio-visual speech
• EasyHDR Pro K
recognition
• Edge detection
• AutoCollage 2008
• Edge enhancement
• Avizo (software) • Kadir Brady saliency
• Edge-preserving
detector
smoothing
B • Kirsch-Operator
• Elongatedness
• User:Kscape/List of
• Endrov
expert system
• BHIE • Epitome (image
software
• Bartlane cable processing)
picture transmission • Erosion
system (morphology) L
• Bicoherence • Error diffusion
• Bicubic interpolation • Layers (digital image
• Binary image F editing)
• Bispectrum • Lenna
• Black balance • Level set (data
• False radiosity
• Blend modes structures)
• Feature (computer
• Blob detection • Level set method
vision)
• Block Truncation • Line pair
• Feature detection
Coding • List of Fourier-related
(computer vision)
• Boundary vector field transforms
• Fermi filter
• Box blur • List of transforms
• Fiduciary marker
• Bsoft • Livewire
• FIJI (software)
Segmentation
• Floyd–Steinberg
C Technique
dithering
• Lucy-Hook coaddition
• Focus recovery
method
• CLAHE based on the linear
• Camera interface canonical transform
• Canny edge detector • Framebuffer M
• Cascade algorithm • Free boundary
• CellProfiler condition • MST Viewer
• Cellular image • Marr-Hildreth
processing G algorithm
• Chain code • Masking (in art)
• Charge-coupled • Mathematical
 device morphology
• Chirplet transform • Gaussian Pyramid • Median filter
• Chromostereopsis • Gaussian blur • Medical imaging
• Circular convolution • GemIdent • Microdose
• Clone tool • Generalised Hough • Microscope image
• Co-occurrence matrix transform processing
• CoLocalizer Pro • Geo Warping • Minimum resolvable
• Color • Glocom contrast
• Color balance • Glob (visual system) • Minimum spanning
• Color image • GrabCut tree-based
• Color Structure Code • GrowCut algorithm segmentation
• Color vision • Modulation transfer
• Color mapping H function (infrared
• Color quantization imaging)
• Color space • MS Technology
• Complex wavelet • Hankel transform • Multi-scale
transform • Harris affine region approaches
• Computational detector • Multiple Satellite
photography • HDR PhotoStudio Imaging
(artistic) • Hessian Affine • Multiple buffering
• Human visual system region detector • Multisample anti-
model • Histogram aliasing
• Foveated imaging equalization • Multiscale geometric
• Contrast-to-noise • Histogram matching analysis
ratio • Homomorphic
• Convolution filtering
• Hosaka plot
N
• Corner detection
• Curve (tonality) • Hough transform
• Hqx • N-jet
• Curvelet
• Huygens Software • Nearest neighbor
search
D • NeatVision
I
• Negacyclic
• DCDi convolution
• IAPR • Neighborhood
• Illumination (image) operation
• Image denoising • Netpbm
• Image rectification • Network Abstraction
• Image SXM Layer
• Image segment • Noise reduction
• Image analogy • Normalization (image
• Image compression processing)
• Image differencing
• Image editing
• Image geometry
O
correction
• Image gradient • Object (image
processing)
• Image histogram • Object removal
• Openlab
• Opponent process
 • Optical motion
tracking
• Optical granulometry
• Ordered dithering
• Orun & Natarajan
Satellite Sensor
Model
• Otsu's method

• Peak signal-to-noise
ratio

Media in category "Image processing"

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Dic
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Categories: Imaging | Signal processing | Digital signal processing | Computer

graphics | Computer graphics algorithms | Fields of application of statistics

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