Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Department of Education
National Capital Region
Schools Division Office
LAGRO HIGH SCHOOL
5th District, Quezon City, Metro Manila
IN USA
Balaoro, Gabriel O.
Olaso, Renald V.
July 2019
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Introduction ..…………………………………………………………………………………. 2
Discussion ………………………………………………………………………………….....16
Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
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ABSTRACT
This study explored the history and development of civil rights movement in
America. This study purposed is to give impact to the people if America to fully stop the
discrimination in Blacks. Civil Rights Movement is the national effort made by black
people and their supporters in 1950’s and 1960’s to eliminate segregation from white
and gain equal rights. Colorism is a form of racially-based discrimination where people
are treated unequally due to skin color. There were people who led in order to stop the
discrimination and racism in Blacks, such as Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and
other supporters of Blacks. The separation of Blacks from Whites ended in late 1960’s.
In order to stop the discrimination laws were implemented to protect the rights of
the Blacks against Whites. These laws helped the Black not to separate their lives from
the Whites and these laws helped them to achieved their own freedom, freedom to live
a normal live, freedom of speech, freedom to express their selves, and freedom to have
The study found that discrimination and racism are still evident in America but not as the
same way before. But there is also a development in the life of Blacks. They somehow
achieved and will continue to fight in order for them to ensure, and to gain their full
freedom and equality that they want to receive from the Whites. The study also found
that the Blacks made a progress and the word equality and freedom was known for all
races. Presently in 21st Century, they are doing their best to maintain what they had
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INTRODUCTION
During the 1950’s and 1960’s, the civil rights movement was a struggle for social
justice that took place mainly for blacks to gain equal rights under the law in the United
States. The Civil War had officially abolished slavery, but it didn’t end discrimination
against blacks – they continued to endure the devastating effects of racism, especially
in the South. By the mid-20th century, African-Americans had more than enough of
prejudice and violence an unprecedented fight for equality that spanned two decades.
of racial segregation may formalize it, but legalized and also it means facing injustice.
unequally due to skin color. It initially came about in America during slavery. Lighter
skinned slaves tend to work indoors, while dark skinned worked outdoors. In 1865,
during the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War, States Constitution was passed
and it abolished slavery. This was soon followed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the
United States Constitution that granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in
the United States”, and the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that
protected the right to vote of everyone. These Amendments passed during the
in the 1870’s Jim Crow laws were introduced in the Southeastern United States. These
laws promoted the idea of “Separate but equal” which was first brought about from the
Plessy V. Ferguson in 1896, meaning that all races were equal, but they had to have
separate public facilities. The mixing of races was illegal on most places such as public
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schools, public transportation and restaurants. These laws increased discrimination and
segregation in the United States. Often times, the products and sections designated for
the “colored” were inferior and not as nice for the “white only”. Water fountains,
bathrooms, and park benches were just a few of the areas segregated by Caucasians
due to Jim Crow laws. Furthermore, the Jim Crow laws systematically made life harder
for African-Americans and people of color. It made voting harder to accomplish, due to
the fact that African-Americans had to do literacy tests and go through other obstacles
In the modern United States, gay black men are extremely likely to experience
men have a poverty rate of 52%, the highest in the country. Gay African-American men
in partnerships are also six times more likely to live in poverty that gay white male
couples.
The civil rights movement was an empowering yet precarious time for blacks in
America. The efforts of civil rights activists and countless protestors of all races brought
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Literature Review
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest
demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago a great
Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a
joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But 100 years later the Negro
still is not free. One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still badly rippled by the
manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material
prosperity. One hundred years later the negro is still languished in the corners of
American society and find himself in exile in his own land. So we’ve come here today to
In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the
architects of our Republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the
American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men – yes, black men as well
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as white men – would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit
of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note
insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation,
America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back
But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe
that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we've
come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the force urgency
of now. This no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing
drug of graduation. Now is the time to make real the promise of democracy. Now is the
time to rise from the dark desolate valley of segregation to the unlit path of racial justice.
Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksand of racial injustice to the solid rock of
brotherhood.
Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children. It would be fatal
for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the
negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of
freedom and equality - 1963 is not an end but a beginning. Those who hope that the
Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if
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There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his
citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our
nation until the bright days of justice emerge. And that is something that I mus.t say to
my people who stand on the worn threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the
process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not
seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.
We must not allow our creative protests to degenerate into physical violence. Again and
again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The
marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to
distrust all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence
here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny.
They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our
freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk we must make the pledge that we shall
always march ahead. We cannot turn hack. There are those who are asking the
devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied!'' \We can never be satisfied as long
We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel,
cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities.
ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of
their adulthood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating ''For Whites Only."
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We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and the
No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and
tribulation. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come
from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution
and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative
suffering.
Continue to work with the faith that un-earned suffering is redemptive. Go back to
back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our Northern cities, knowing that
somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of
despair.
I say to you today, my friends, though, even though we face the difficulties of
today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American
dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live out the true meaning of
its creed: "We hold the truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia son of former slaves and
the son of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of
brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state
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sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they
will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a
dream... I have a dream that one day in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its
governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one
day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girl will be able to join hands with
I have a dream today... I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted,
every hill and mountain shall be made low. The rough places will be made plain, and the
crooked places will be made straight. And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all
flesh shall see it together. This is one hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South
with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of
hope. With this faith will he able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a
beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to
This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new
meaning. "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my
fathers died, land of the pilgrim 's pride, from every mountain side, let. freedom ring.''
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from
the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains
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of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let
freedom ring from the snowcapped Rookies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the
But not only that, Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom
ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill
When we allow freedom to ring-when we let it ring from every city and every
hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all (If
God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and
Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual,
"Free at last, Free at last, Great God almighty, we are free at last."
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In the study entitled “Racism (Discrimination in Race)” states that
discrimination is the act of someone being prejudiced towards another. This term is
used to highlight the difference in treatment between members of different groups when
one group is intentionally singled out and treated worse, or not given the same
recognized in U.S. society, on the basis of national origin, race, gender, and sexuality in
particular. Racism Main articles: Racism in the United States and Racial inequality in the
United States.
Racism in the United States and Racial inequality in the United States Picture
showing that most public places were segregated. Colorism is a form of racially-based
discrimination where people are treated unequally due to skin color. It initially came
about in America during slavery. Lighter skinned slaves tend to work indoors, while dark
Various types of racism have been described (Jones, 1997): personal, which may
environmental conditions, such as housing market conditions, that favors one group
over another; and cultural, referring to shared beliefs about the superiority of one group
over another. Racism also often involves control by one group over resources that
If the average person of color were asked to describe himself or herself based on
five physical characteristics, one could likely assume that the minority individual would
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list his or her race as one of the descriptors. Hence, it is no surprise that the ideas of
race and race relations are not newness in our society. In America, when people think of
race or race relations, they commonly think of these notions as a Black and White issue,
where each “race” is generalized and standardized into one grouping (Celious &
Oyserman, 2001).
Skin color influences cognitive perceptions above and beyond race. Participants
in the Implicit Association Test, taken by over two million people, demonstrated both
explicit and implicit preference for light-skin compared to dark-skin and the tests showed
that 68% of respondents were faster to pair dark-skin with negative words and light skin
with good words than the reverse (Nosek et al. 2007, p. 17).
Smaller experimental studies have replicated this pattern of light-skin preference. For
instance, both black and white subjects were more likely to assign positive traits to
blacks if they had lighter skin they would describe them as motivated, educated, and
attractive. On the other hand, were more likely to apply negative racial stereotypes to
darker members of that race, who were described as unattractive, criminal, unintelligent,
In 1865, during the Reconstruction period after the Civil War, the Thirteenth
Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed and it abolished slavery. This
was soon followed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that
granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States", and the
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that protected the rights to vote
for everyone. These Amendments passed during the Reconstruction period extended
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protection to the newly emancipated slaves. However, in the 1870s Jim Crow laws were
introduced in the Southeastern United States. These laws promoted the idea of
"Separate but equal" which was first brought about from the Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896,
meaning that all races were equal, but they had to have separate public facilities. The
mixing of races was illegal in most places such as public schools, public transportation
and restaurants. These laws increased discrimination and segregation in the United
States.
to a wide spectrum of public services in the US. We carry out an email correspondence
study in which we pose simple queries to more than 19,000 local public service
providers. We find that emails are less likely to receive a response if signed by a black-
sounding name compared to a white-sounding name. Given a response rate of 72% for
white senders, emails from putatively black senders are almost 4 percentage points less
likely to receive an answer. We also find that responses to queries coming from black
names are less likely to have a cordial tone. Further tests demonstrate that the
differential in the likelihood of answering is due to animus towards blacks rather than
The study entitled “The Birth of Civil Rights Movement” states that on
December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to
give up her seat on a city bus to a white man. News of Parks' arrest quickly spread
through the African American community. Parks had worked as a secretary for the local
branch of the national association for the advancement of colored people. Because she
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was a well-respected and dignified figure in the community, her arrest was finally
enough to persuade African Americans that they could no longer tolerate racially
discriminatory laws.
After exchanging phone calls, a group of African American women, the Women's
Political Council, decided to call for a boycott of the city buses as a response to this
outrage. This suggestion was greeted with enthusiasm by local African American
Street Baptist Church in Montgomery and decided to carry out the boycott. Their resolve
was inspired by the words of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. He was a social
activist and Baptist minister who played a key role in the American civil rights
movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. King sought
equality and human rights for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged
and all victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He was the driving force
behind watershed events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the 1963
March on Washington, which helped bring about such landmark legislation as the
Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. King was awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1964 and is remembered each year on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, a U.S.
The Civil Rights Movement was elaborated clearly by the study entitled “Civil
Rights Movement”, it states that the civil rights movement was a struggle by African-
Americans in the mid-1950s to late 1960s to achieve civil rights equal to those of whites,
15
including equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education, as well as the right
to vote, the right of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be free of racial
profound an effect on the legal and political institutions of the United States. This
by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, which had been eroded by segregationist
Jim Crow laws in the South. It fundamentally altered relations between the federal
government and the states, as the federal government was forced many times to
enforce its laws and protect the rights of African American citizens. The civil rights
movement also spurred the reemergence of the judiciary, including the Supreme Court,
in its role as protector of individual liberties against majority power. In addition, as the
Reverend Martin Luther King Jr, and other leaders of the movement predicted, the
movement prompted gains not only for African Americans but also for women, persons
The civil rights movement has been called the Second Reconstruction, in
reference to the Reconstruction imposed upon the South following the Civil War. During
this period, the fourteenth amendment (1868)—granting equal protection of the laws—
and fifteenth amendment (1870)—giving the right to vote to all males regardless of race
—were ratified, and troops from the North occupied the South from 1865 to 1877 to
enforce the abolition of slavery. However, with the end of Reconstruction in 1877,
southern whites again took control of the South, passing a variety of laws that
discriminated on the basis of race. These were called Jim Crow laws, or the black
codes. They segregated whites and blacks in education, housing, and the use of public
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and private facilities such as restaurants, trains, and rest rooms; they also denied blacks
the right to vote, to move freely, and to marry whites. Myriad other prejudicial and
discriminatory practices were committed as well, from routine denial of the right to a fair
trial to outright murder by lynching. These laws and practices were a reality of U.S. life
One of the people who led and have a dream for the America was Martin
Luther King Jr., In the study entitled “Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.’
said that the events in Selma deepened a growing rift between Martin Luther
King, Jr. and young radicals who repudiated his nonviolent methods and
prominence, King broadened the scope of his activism to address issues such as
the Vietnam War and poverty among Americans of all races. In 1967, King and the
was fatally shot while standing on the balcony of a motel in Memphis, where King
had traveled to support a sanitation workers’ strike. In the wake of his death, a
wave of riots swept major cities across the country, while President Johnson
James Earl Ray, an escaped convict and known racist, pleaded guilty to the
murder and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. He later recanted his confession
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and gained some unlikely advocates, including members of the King family, before
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DISCUSSION
The purpose of this research is to know the history and development of the Civil
Rights Movement in USA and to give impact to the people if America to fully stop the
discrimination in Blacks.
The first integration moment in American history was also undone by the
thinking white Americans. For government officials like Henry Knox, or educators like
Princeton president Samuel Stanhope Smith, people of color had the potential to be
equal to whites if they changed their culture and behavior—or even their appearance, in
short black people needs to adjust and need to change everything just to blend towards
white people. Smith, the most influential race theorist of his day, insisted that blacks and
somehow “turn white,” or to abandon their assumptions and ways of life, liberal whites
And then there was the prospect of racial amalgamation, which scrambled the
moral compasses of even the most progressive whites. Of all the European empires in
the New World, British North America was the most squeamish on the question of
amalgamation. But while the science and religion of the European Enlightenment
suggested no barrier to intermarriage, even white Americans who embraced “all men
are created equal” struggled with the practical application of that phrase. The preacher
David Rice, who tried valiantly to outlaw slavery in the Kentucky constitutional
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convention of 1792, admitted that his own prejudices against intermarriage were hard to
shake; but he was determined, he told his fellow delegates, not to allow irrational
Alas, many others who spoke in the abstract against slavery failed to follow
Rice’s example; or, like Thomas Jefferson, they compartmentalized their private and
public lives. It’s now widely accepted that in the 1790s and 1800s, Jefferson secretly
fathered six children with Sally Hemings, a multi-racial slave in his household, while
It soon became apparent that the realization of “all men are created equal”
required more than an abstract recognition of black or Native humanity; it required the
surrender of what we now call white privilege. When even the most liberal whites
struggled to meet this challenge, they developed an alternative plan that might deliver
the United States from the guilt of slavery and oppression without obliging white people
to live alongside people of color: perhaps blacks and Indians could be persuaded to
move elsewhere.
Native Americans went to war with white settlers in the Midwest, an influential group of
politicians, philanthropists, and reformers proposed the same solution for both
problems. Native Americans would be moved beyond the Mississippi, where they could
be “civilized” by the federal government without the immediate pressure of the settlers
who were rushing into Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. African-Americans, meanwhile, could
be freed from slavery on condition that they agree to leave the United States for a land
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of their own: in the far West, perhaps, or in the Caribbean or Africa. At precisely the
same moment in American history— the first 30 years of the 19th century—many of the
most influential figures in the United States proposed segregation as a solution to the
The idea that Native people could be colonized in the West was endorsed by
Presidents James Monroe and John Quincy Adams before it was taken up by Andrew
Jackson, whose determination to force Native people to leave the Southeast culminated
in the notorious Cherokee Trail of Tears in 1838-39. This appalling outcome, though,
was merely the final stage in a process of promoting racial separation that had begun
with Northern missionaries and politicians. Similarly, the proposal that African-
Americans be colonized outside the United States was warmly accepted by white
politicians and reformers from North Carolina to Massachusetts. If slavery had become
mostly a Southern institution by the 1820s, segregation appealed to whites across the
nation.
colonization in the 1850s, or that Lincoln affirmed his commitment to a black exodus
from the United States during the first 18 months of the Civil War. What separated
Lincoln from Jackson was that the former had neither the means nor the inclination to
compel black people to leave the United States. Through their vast numbers and their
usefulness to the Union war effort, African-Americans managed to reject the future that
had long been marked out for them by “liberal” whites. By 1863, the Lincoln
administration had largely abandoned the notion that black people would agree to live
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But white Americans had been assured by politicians for half a century that
slavery would end in racial separation rather than coexistence. The logic of segregation
wasn’t the offshoot of the Civil War, nor was it the preserve of Southerners who had
fought to the death to maintain slavery. America’s integration problem may have looked
Southern and reactionary at the end of the 19th century, but it began as a national—and
liberal—predicament.
The Founding generation spoke about racial integration in ways that may seem
potential, while finding ways to postpone or derail forms of integration that required the
segregation, we’re in a better position to interrogate our own boasts about racial
“progress”—and to see that, in the long American conversation about race, moral
The racism between white and black people had been a long journey and it was
big blow for both parties and became an eye-opener to them, the situation, process,
rights, and so on is not equal. Black people stand firm to their rights as a human, and
white people slowly accepted black people for the better communication, for the peace
of their country, and both parties realized that they need to cut down the barriers and be
equal to everybody.
diverse ethnicities, races, and cultures. Our country has no official language, religious
faith, or skin color. It is simply a country that believes all of us were created equal under.
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Furthermore, with the vast mix of people and differing beliefs, issues on race can easily
arise. Racism in America has a long and complicated history. It started as an ideology, but
There are implicit and explicit forms of racism that affect a wide group of people.
Also, It can lead to severe physical, emotional and mental complications. The adversity
that follows racism is overwhelming. For this reason, there has been much research,
analysis, and counseling to understand and handle this problem at hand. From a young
age, we are misinformed about people who differ from us and are raised in communities
This is the fuel of racial prejudice and racism seen in America. According to Dr.
information”
America Still Divided Racism and discrimination inequalities have become a major
discussion throughout the years in our society. Inequalities has impacted every level of
humanity on this earth. Tolerance and acceptance can be used to challenge one another
in attempt to change the negative traditions that continue to exist in our culture. Racism
When I read this quote, “America having elected an African American president twice is
proof that racism is over in this country” (McWhorter). We can also assume it is our “All
American” requirement to continue to place racism and discrimination at the top of all
news stories and struggle to find answers for the poor minorities when in fact this is our
country’s habit. These are the ideas of some American who don’t see the racism of
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western society and its discriminatory practices are allowed by stereotypes, prejudices
and ideologies.
The civil rights movement was an organized effort by black Americans to end
racial discrimination and gain equal rights under the law. It began in the late 1940s and
ended in the late 1960s. Although tumultuous at times, the movement was mostly
These were the dates or the timeline of the Civil Rights Movement in America.
On July 26, 1948, President Harry Truman issues Executive Order 9981 to end
segregation in the Armed Services. And on May 17, 1954, Brown v. Board of Education,
a consolidation of five cases into one, is decided by the Supreme Court, effectively
segregated. In December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white
During January 10-11, 1957, Sixty black pastors and civil rights leaders from
September 4, 1957, Nine black students known as the “Little Rock Nine,” are blocked
from integrating into Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. President Dwight D.
Eisenhower eventually sends federal troops to escort the students, however, they
continue to be harassed.
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In September 9, 1957, Eisenhower signs the Civil Rights Act of 1957 into law to
help protect voter rights. The law allows federal prosecution of those who suppress
another’s right to vote. By February 1, 1960: Four college students in Greensboro, North
Carolina refuse to leave a Woolworth’s “whites only” lunch counter without being served.
Their nonviolent demonstration sparks similar “sit-ins” throughout the city and in other
states.
On the other hand, June 11, 1963, Governor George C. Wallace stands in a
doorway at the University of Alabama to block two black students from registering. The
standoff continues until President John F. Kennedy sends the National Guard to the
campus. In August 28, 1963, Approximately 250,000 people take part in The March on
Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Martin Luther King gives the closing address in front
of the Lincoln Memorial and states, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up
and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that
all men are created equal.’” While in September 15, 1963: A bomb at 16th Street
Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama kills four young girls and injures several other
During July 2, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of
1964into law, preventing employment discrimination due to race, color, sex, religion or
national origin. Title VII of the Act establishes the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity
Nation of Islam.
25
Also during, March 7, 1965: In the Selma to Montgomery March, around 600 civil rights
black voter suppression. Local police block and brutally attack them. After successfully
fighting in court for their right to march, Martin Luther King and other civil rights leaders
lead two more marches and finally reach Montgomery on March 25. And in August 6,
1965: President Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to prevent the use of
literacy tests as a voting requirement. It also allowed federal examiners to review voter
qualifications and federal observers to monitor polling places. In April 4, 1968, Martin
Memphis, Tennessee. James Earl Ray is convicted of the murder in 1969.And on April
11, 1968: President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Fair
Housing Act, providing equal housing opportunity regardless of race, religion or national
origin.
Terence Crutcher, are just few of the names of black men who were killed in high-profile
police in shootings in 2016. According to the study, that as published n the American
Journal of Public Health on Tuesday. Black men are nearly three times as likely to be
2014, black and Hispanic men were 2.8 and 1. Times more likely to be killed by police
use of force than white men. White men accounted for more deaths only because they
were of a larger population. The rate in which police use force on blacks is 3.6 times as
high as among whites, according to think tank study by the Center for Policing Equity in
26
July 2015. A study in San Diego revealed that, in 2014, when driver race/ethnicity was
visible, black drivers were nearly 20% more likely to be pulled over as part of a
discretionary traffic stop than white drivers. Based on these, up until now, racism is still
visible in America even though there are laws that were implemented and movements
maintain. It has become an integral and necessary part of our mosaic culture. Even now
to the point that when people think of America, they naturally think of freedom and
equality. People of many different races, disabilities and creeds have come to the United
States seeking the impartiality upon which this country was founded. The institutions of
this country have relied upon it, just as it was the created by the events in the laying of
According to the research that was searched by the researchers, more than 150
years after the 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States, most U.S.
adults say the legacy of slavery continues to have an impact on the position of black
people in American society today. More than four-in-ten say the country hasn’t made
enough progress toward racial equality, and there is some skepticism, particularly
among blacks, that black people will ever have equal rights with whites, according to a
Opinions about the current state of race relations – and President Donald
Trump’s handling of the issue – are also negative. About six-in-ten Americans (58%) say
27
race relations in the U.S. are bad, and of those, few see them improving. Some 56%
think the president has made race relations worse; just 15% say he has improved race
relations and another 13% say he has tried but failed to make progress on this issue. In
addition, roughly two-thirds say it’s become more common for people to express racist
Blacks are particularly gloomy about the country’s racial progress. More than
eight-in-ten black adults say the legacy of slavery affects the position of black people in
America today, including 59% who say it affects it a great deal. About eight-in-ten blacks
(78%) say the country hasn’t gone far enough when it comes to giving black people
equal rights with whites, and fully half say it’s unlikely that the country will eventually
Americans see disadvantages for blacks and Hispanics in the U.S. A majority of
all adults (56%) say being black hurts people’s ability to get ahead at least a little, and
51% say the same about being Hispanic. In contrast, 59% say being
white helps people’s ability to get ahead. Views about the impact of being Asian or
Blacks, Hispanics and Asians are more likely than whites to say being white helps
people’s ability to get ahead at least a little. Among whites, those who are more
educated, as well as those who identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party, are
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
In the light of the findings, the researcher can safely conclude that, on the history
of African-Americans it first begins with slavery, as white European settlers first brought
Africans to the continent to serve as slaves. The fate of slaves in the United States
would divide the nation during the Civil War. And after the war, the racist legacy of
Railroad, the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Selma to Montgomery March. Through it
all, black leaders, artists and writers would emerge and help shape the character and
identity of a nation.
For a country experiencing a social problem, just like how the government
officials in example: Henry Knox, or educators like Princeton and president Samuel
Stanhope Smith thought and consider the idea that people of color specifically black
men, had the potential to be equal to whites but they thought of a way that these people
must change their culture and behavior—or even their appearance, in short black
people needs to adjust and need to change everything just to blend towards white
people. They came up with that solution but as for the black men, it was still an act of
discrimination for the black men because they were ones who are only commended to
marriage outside a specific social group involving spouses who belong to different
was outlawed in the United States of America and in South Africa as miscegenation.
29
when white Americans were given legally or socially sanctioned privileges and
rights while these same rights were denied to other races and minorities. European
Europeans, were also victims of xenophobic exclusion and other forms of discrimination
in American society until the late 1800s and early 1900s. In addition, groups
like Jews and Arabs have faced continuous discrimination in the United States, and as a
result, some people who belong to these groups do not identify as white. East, South,
schools, immigration and naturalization laws, and internment camps. Formal racial
discrimination was largely banned in the mid-20th century and it came to be perceived
government.
In the view of the United Nations and the U.S. Human Rights Network,
"discrimination in the United States permeates all aspects of life and extends to
all communities of color." While the nature of the views held by average Americans has
changed significantly over the past several decades, surveys by organizations such as
30
ABC News have found that even in modern America, large sections of Americans admit
to holding discriminatory viewpoints. For example, a 2007 article by ABC stated that
about one in ten admitted to holding prejudices against Hispanic and Latino Americans
and about one in four did so regarding Arab-Americans. A 2018 YouGov/Economist poll
found that 17% of Americans oppose interracial marriage, with 19% of "other" ethnic
The problem was continued and worsening on the first 30 years of the 19th
Century back then in the United States that they came up for an idea of segregating the
whites to black men as they thought of its relevance and a way to polish the problem,
As the system were getting darker and darker, the black men thought of ways
to fight for their justice and freedom. Many influential people came up and encouraged
their fellow black men to do things that could make the whites realize that “All men are
equal”. Starting from President Lyndon on July 2, 1964, he prevents the employment
discrimination for sex, religion, color, race in the country. Until the first black man to be
the President of the United States President Obama, had a great impact for their social
issue and with that, many things happened which clearing the negative and
They fought for their justice, the black men won to get their rights and for the
equality they had been seeking that time. What’s good was in the end they made a
progress and the word equality and freedom was known for all races. Presently in 21st
Century, they are doing their best to maintain what they had fought for back in their
early years.
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Recommendation
Based on the conclusions above, the researchers would like to make the
following recommendations:
Discrimination within races should be the one that is taboo, considering that it’s
only the race that make people differ. It’s all about understanding and respecting each
sides in order for a good change to happen and when a country wants a change, they
should start with shaping the citizens. No laws can make a country better, the ones who
live in it does.
The laws must be implemented well, not only written in papers with a sealed,
verbally announced to the people but also doing what are the things or punishment
when someone disobeyed the law. The law must be a law, not only for blacks but also
Whites should acknowledge that the Blacks were also human, they have their
own rights, a rights that they must possess and experienced. We are all created by
God, and we are all equal. In the end we will all die, no one is exempted on that. If
Whites want equality, peace then they should do to the Blacks what they want others do
to them.
Peace, respect, and understanding should start in every individual. Whites want
change so change must start in themselves. Change first their perspective and the way
they treat Blacks, and on the other hand Blacks should forgive the Whites no matter
how much sufferings and pains they received from them from slavery. They should
32
Just like what Martin Luther King Jr., a change should start to themselves and
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