SOLUTION

�_𝐵=2.4(9.81)(𝑏)(ℎ)
Weight of the beam, Wb =
 Solve for ρmax and Muma

compute for:

β 𝑖𝑓 𝑓_𝑐^′≤28 𝑀𝑝� �=0.85

=
�=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓_𝑐^′−28)
𝑖𝑓 𝑓_𝑐^′>28 𝑀𝑝�

ρ(balance) �_𝑏=(0.85𝑓_𝑐′�(600))/(𝑓_𝑦 (600+𝑓_𝑦))

=

ρ(max)=ρ
�_𝑚�𝑥=0.75�_𝑏 =

ω �=(�𝑓_𝑦)/𝑓_𝑐′ =

φ =

Wu 1.2(WDL+Wb)+1.6(WLL) =
Pu 1.2PDL+1.6PLL =

ΦMnmax 𝛷𝑀_𝑛 𝑚�𝑥=∅𝑓_𝑐′�𝑏𝑑^2 (1−0.59�)

=

�_�=(���^2)/8+(𝑃_𝑢 𝐿)/4
Mu =

if Mu ≥ Φmnmax, design as Doubly re

if Mu < Φmnmax, design as singly re
 DESIGNING A SINGLY REINFOR
(Ultimate Strength Desig

Weight of the Beam ( Assumption ), 20% - 25% mu

�_𝐵=0.2[(�_𝐷𝐿+𝑃_𝐷𝐿/𝐿)+(�_𝐿𝐿+𝑃_𝐿𝐿/𝐿)] =

Wu = 1.2(WDL+Wb)+1.6(WLL) =
Pu = 1.2PDL+1.6PLL =

�_�=(�𝑢𝐿^2)/8+(𝑃_𝑢 𝐿)/4 =

Steel Ratio

ρ ( maximum) =
�_𝑚�𝑥=0.75�_𝑏
=
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝑓𝑐
ρ ( minimum ) ′)/(4𝑓_𝑦 )
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=1.4/𝑓_𝑦 =

ρ ( assumed ) =
�=0.55�_𝑏
ρmin < ρ < ρmax
ω =
�=(�𝑓_𝑦)/𝑓_𝑐′

φ =

Finding Dimensions

d=1.5b
= 114935767
bd^2=𝑀𝑢/∅𝑓_𝑐′�(1−0.59�)
b = 371.042987
d = 570
h (minimum) =
Area of steel, As =

bar diameter (db) no.of bars say

12 52.888101 53
16 29.749557 30
20 19.039716 20
25 12.185418 13
28 9.714141 10
32 7.4373892 8
36 5.8764557 6
Most Economical Values Layers
bar = 16 mm
∅
no. of bars = 30 bars no. layers
actual As = 6031.872 mm² suggested bars in 1st
h = 630 mm suggested bars in 2nd
SPACING EDGE TO EDGE suggested bars in 3rd
s = 28 mm suggested bars in 4th
s > 25 ok suggested bars in 5th

actual d = 486.667 mm

ACTUAL VALUES

Wb = ϒcbh = 5.6364336 6 KN.m

ρ ( actual ) = 0.032616445 0.03262

ρ ( actual )>ρmin
ρ ( actual )<ρmax
ω = 0.321504956 0.32151

ΦMn = 810548582 810.549 KN.m

ΦMn = 810548582 810.549 KN.m

Mu = 661.8 KN.m
UTION

6 kN/m
ax and Mumax

0.85 = 0.85

0.0502034941 = 0.05021

0.0376575 = 0.03766

0.37122 = 0.3713

0.9 = 0.797

123.2
32
8E+08 788.365 KN.m

602.4 602.4 KN.m

gn as Doubly reinforced
gn as singly reinforced …D
Y REINFORCED BEAM
rength Design)

20% - 25% multiplied to ( WDL+WLL)

17 KN/m
136.4 KN/m
32 KN

661.8 KN-m

l Ratio

0.0376575 0.0377
0.00479303
use 0.005073
0.00507246
0.0276155 use 0.0276155
ok
0.27220993 0.27221
0.9 0.9

Dimensions

1.5
say 114935767 mm³
say 380 mm
say 570 mm
say 297.858 mm
 5981.5173 mm²

say actual As
5994.1728 12
6031.872 16
6283.2 20
6381.375 25
6157.536 28
6433.9968 32
6107.2704 36
Layers----------no. of Bars

no. layers 5
suggested bars in 1st layer 7 mm φ
suggested bars in 2nd layer 7 mm φ
suggested bars in 3rd layer 7 mm φ
suggested bars in 4th layer 7 mm φ
suggested bars in 5th layer 2 mm φ

L VALUES

OK

OK
OK

m
m

safe to design
DESIGNING A SINGLY and D
(Ultimate Stre

INPUT VA
Span, L =
Compressive Strength of Concrete, fc' =
Yield Strength, fy =
Uniform Load ( Simply Supported)
WDL 30 Kn/m
WLL 50 Kn/m

b = 350 mm
h = 650 mm
d = 590 mm
d' = 70 mm
steel cover = 60 mm

safe to design
b= mm
380
d= 486.667 mm h=

o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o

…Design as Singly Reinforc

 Solve for As1

�_𝑠1=�_𝑚�𝑥 𝑏𝑑

𝑀_𝑛1=𝑀_𝑛𝑚�𝑥
〖𝛷𝑀〗 _𝑛2=𝑀_𝑢−𝛷𝑀_𝑛𝑚�𝑥
�_𝑠2= 〖𝛷𝑀〗 _𝑛2/(𝛷𝑓_𝑦 (𝑑−𝑑′) )

�_𝑠=�_𝑠1+�_𝑠2

solve 'a" and "c"

a
c=a/β
 𝑓_𝑠=600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)

𝑓_𝑠′=600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)

As'

if compre

�=1
𝑏=(�_𝑠1 (600)−�_𝑠 𝑓_𝑦)/(0.85𝑓_𝑐′�_1 𝑏)

𝑐=(𝑑^′ �_𝑠1 (600))/((0.85𝑓_𝑐′�_1 𝑏)(−1)

X1
X2
condition:
 use c
a
fs'
As'

use As'
GLY and DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM
Ultimate Strength Design)

INPUT VALUES
6m
28 Mpa
276 MPa
Concentrated Load ( Simply Supported)
PDL = 0 Kn
PLL = 20 Kn

s.g. = 2.4
ϒu = 9.81 Kn/m³

USED VALUES
b 380 mm
h 630 mm
 d 486.667 mm

for tension
bar diameter 16 mm φ

no. of bars 30 bars

spacing 28 mm

mm
630

Reinforced
 DESIGNING
(U

olve for As1

= #### #VALUE!
1=�_𝑚�𝑥 𝑏𝑑

Solve for Mn1, Mn2 and As2

Φ = 0.9

= 875.96111111 875.962
𝑛1=𝑀_𝑛𝑚�𝑥
= -185.965 -185.965
〗 _𝑛2=𝑀_𝑢−𝛷𝑀_𝑛𝑚�𝑥 =
𝑀〗 _𝑛2/(𝛷𝑓_𝑦 (𝑑−𝑑′) )
-1439.7141707 -1439.715

= #VALUE! #VALUE!
=�_𝑠1+�_𝑠2

Stress for Compression Steel

C1 = T1 0.85fc'ab = As1fy
ve 'a" and "c"
a = #VALUE! #VALUE!
c=a/β = #VALUE! #VALUE!
 Checking for the bars if it Yields

𝑓_𝑠=600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐) = #VALUE! #VALUE!

𝑓_𝑠′=600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐) = #VALUE! #VALUE!

if fs≥ fy , tension bar yields

if fs< fy, tension bar does not yield
#VALUE!
if fs' ≥ fy, compression bar yields
if fs' < fy, compression bar does not yields
#VALUE!

As' = #VALUE!

if compression does not yield solve for new c,a, fs', As'
0.85𝑓_𝑐^′ 𝑐�_1 𝑏+�_𝑠1 [600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)]=�_𝑠 𝑓_𝑦

𝑐^2+𝑐((600�_𝑠1−�_𝑠 𝑓_𝑦)/(0.85𝑓_𝑐′�_1 𝑏))−𝑑′

((600�_𝑠1)/(0.85𝑓_𝑐′�_1 𝑏)) = 0
𝑥=(−𝑏±√(𝑏^2−4�𝑐))/2�

= 1
0)−�_𝑠 𝑓_𝑦)/(0.85𝑓_𝑐′�_1 𝑏) = #VALUE!

(600))/((0.85𝑓_𝑐′�_1 𝑏)(−1)) = #VALUE!

= #VALUE!
= #VALUE!
 = #VALUE!
= #VALUE!
= #VALUE!
= #VALUE!

use As' #VALUE! mm²

CED BEAM

USED VALUES
 for compression
bar diameter #VALUE! mm φ

no. of bars #VALUE! bars

spacing #VALUE! mm
 DESIGNING A DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM
(Ultimate Strength Design)

for tension side

#VALUE! mm²
assumed db no. of bars
12 #VALUE!
2
16 #VALUE!
20 #VALUE!
875.962 KN.m 25 #VALUE!
-185.965 KN.m 28 #VALUE!
mm² 32 #VALUE!
-1439.715
36 #VALUE!
#VALUE! mm²

Econ
for tension:

bar diameter =
el
no. of bars =

actual As =

spacing > 25 =
#VALUE! mm #VALUE!
#VALUE! mm
 TOR
no. layers
elds
suggested bars in 1st la
suggested bars ln 2nd la
#VALUE! Mpa
suggested bars in 3rd la
suggested bars in 4th la
#VALUE! Mpa

FOR C
no. layers
suggested bars in 1st la
lds suggested bars ln 2nd la
suggested bars in 3rd la
suggested bars in 4th la

mm²

CHECKING F

new c,a, fs', As' 〖𝑀 _𝑛= 𝑀 〗 _𝑛1+ 𝑀_𝑛2

𝑀_𝑛= �_𝑠1 𝑓_(𝑦 ) (𝑑−�/2)+ �_𝑠2 𝑓_𝑦 (𝑑−𝑑′)

𝑀_𝑛=0.85𝑓_𝑐^′ �𝑏(𝑑−�/2)+�_𝑠^′ 𝑓_𝑠′(𝑑−𝑑′)

Mu
Mn
φMn

Mu<=φMn
mm
mm
Mpa
mm²
AM

tension side for compression side

say actual As no. of bars say actual As
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Economic section
for compression

#VALUE! mm φ bar diameter = ### mm φ

#VALUE! bars no. of bars = ### bars
#VALUE! mm² actual As = ### mm²
#VALUE! mm spacing > 25 = ### mm
#VALUE! #VALUE!
 TOR TENSION SIDE
no. layers #VALUE!
uggested bars in 1st layer #VALUE! mm φ
ggested bars ln 2nd layer #VALUE! mm φ
uggested bars in 3rd layer #VALUE! mm φ
uggested bars in 4th layer #VALUE! mm φ

FOR COMPRESSION SIDE

no. layers #VALUE!
uggested bars in 1st layer #VALUE! mm φ
ggested bars ln 2nd layer #VALUE! mm φ
uggested bars in 3rd layer #VALUE! mm φ
uggested bars in 4th layer #VALUE! mm φ

CHECKING FOR ULTIMATE MOMENT

_𝑠2 𝑓_𝑦 (𝑑−𝑑′) 𝑖𝑓 𝑓_𝑠^′≥𝑓_𝑦 = #VALUE! KN-m

𝑠^′ 𝑓_𝑠′(𝑑−𝑑′) 𝑖𝑓 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦 = #VALUE! KN-m

= 602.4 kn.m
= #VALUE! = #VALUE! KN.m
= #VALUE! #VALUE! KN.m

#VALUE!
 Submiited by:

Balucan, Jordan
Clata, Micah B.
Tocaldo, Johnpe

Submitted to :
Engr. Irismay Jumawan
Instructor
iited by:

n, Jordan
Micah B.
o, Johnpe

itted to :
ay Jumawan
ructor
 actual As
bar diameter (db) say no.of bars
5994.1728 12 53 52.88810107
6031.872 16 30 29.74955685
6283.2 20 20 19.03971639
6381.375 25 13 12.18541849
6157.536 28 10 9.714141014
6433.9968 32 8 7.437389213
6107.2704 36 6 5.876455675

actual d
420
770
1120
1470
520
total 4300
y 143.3333333
d 486.6666667
 actual As for tension side
5994.1728 actual As assumed db say no. of barsactual As
6031.872 #VALUE! 12 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6283.2 #VALUE! 16 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6381.375 #VALUE! 20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6157.536 #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6433.9968 #VALUE! 28 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6107.2704 #VALUE! 32 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 36 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

no. bars
1o o doubly
2o o actual d
3o o o #VALUE!
4o o o o #VALUE!
5o o o o o #VALUE!
6o o o o o o #VALUE!
7 o o o o o o o total #VALUE!
8o o o o o o o o y #VALUE!
9o oooooooo d #VALUE!
10 o o o o o o o o o o
 for compression side
no. of bars assumed db say actual Asassumed db
#VALUE! 12 #VALUE! #VALUE! 12
#VALUE! 16 #VALUE! #VALUE! 16
#VALUE! 20 #VALUE! #VALUE! 20
#VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 25
#VALUE! 28 #VALUE! #VALUE! 28
#VALUE! 32 #VALUE! #VALUE! 32
#VALUE! 36 #VALUE! #VALUE! 36
 DESIGNING A SINGLY REINF
(Ultimate Strength De

DATA GIVEN:
fc': = 28 phi ( ϕ) = 0.9

fy: = 276 beta (ß) = 0.85

Base: = 350 Ultimate Moment 602.4
Height: = 650 Ꙍ = 0.3712
d = 590

SOLUTION FOR C:
0.59𝑐^2−𝑐+(𝑀𝑢/(ф𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑑^2))=0

a = 0.59 ρ1: 0.149

b = -1 ρ2: 0.023
c = 0.1962
𝑥=(−𝑏±√(𝑏^2−4�𝑐))/2�

x1 = 1.4685
x2 = 0.2265

FINDING RHO:
�𝑚𝑖𝑛=(𝑠𝑞𝑟𝑡𝑓𝑐^
′)/4𝑓𝑦
= 0.0048
use: = 0.0048
�𝑚𝑖𝑛=1.4/𝑓𝑦
= 0.0051
�𝑏=0.85𝑓𝑐′β(600)/𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
= 0.0502
 �𝑚�𝑥=0.75 �𝑏 = 0.0377

use ρ: = 0.023

ACTUAL DESIGN:
Bar Layer: = 5
Effective depth: = 554
Barred y: = 96
ρactual: = 0.0249
Ꙍ = 0.2454
фMn = 568
Ultimate Moment: = 602.4
Mu<=фMn = NOT OK!

AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED

Area of Steel: = 4744 mm

AREA OF STEEL
(COMPUTED AND DESIGNED)

4825.487 mm
NING A SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM
(Ultimate Strength Design)

(INPUT ONLY in Diameter)

350
Bar Diameter:

= 16
Number of Bars: o o
= 24 24
Suggested Bars in 1st layer:
650
= 5
Bar Layer:
= 5
Effective Depth:
554
= 554
DIMENSIONS:
o o o o
350 X 554 o o o o o
o o o o o
Clear Spacing: 42.5 mm o o o o o
CLEAR SPACING FOR HEIGHT: o o o o o
= 390 OK!

FINDING FOR REINFORCEMENT:

Bar Diameter: Number of Bars: Area of Steel:
16 23.596 24 4825.5 24 4825.5 16
20 15.102 16 5026.5 16 5026.5 20
25 9.665 10 4908.7 10 4908.7 25
28 7.7048 8 4926 8 4926 28
 32 5.899 6 4825.5 6 4825.5 32
36 4.661 5 5089.4 5 5089.4 36

ECONOMICAL REINFORCEMENT:
Bar Diameter: Number of Bars: Area of Steel (mm2):
16 24 4825

FOR DESIGNING THE BEAM:

suggested Bars in 1st Lay= 5 5
2nd layer: = 5 5
3rd layer: = 5 5
4rth layer: = 5 5
5th layer: = 4 4
6th layer: = 0 0

ACTUAL REINFORCEMENT:
Bar Diameter: Number of Bars: Area of Steel (mm2):
16 24 4825
650 SAFE TO DESIGN!

554