DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ISOMETRIC AND P&ID

 Isometric Drawing have the accurate length and path ,but in the P&ID
Drawing only having the path from where to where the pipe line
connection and also showing the instruments which are on those pipe line
connection.
 Isometric drawing is a method for visually representing three-dimensional
objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawing. P&ID is a
flow diagram which indicates general flow of plant process and
equipment’s.

QUALITY CONTROL (QC)

Quality control is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure

that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of
quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer.
It is simply stated: "Fit for use or purpose." It is all about meeting the needs
and expectations of customers with respect to functionality, design, reliability,
durability.

QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA)

Assurance is nothing but a positive declaration on a product or service,

which gives confidence. It provides a guarantee that the product will work without
any problems as per the expectations or requirements.

GRP

GRP Pipes and FRP pipes is used interchangeably in the fiber glass pipe
industry. Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) are a composite material made of
a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers.

RTR

RTR Pipe is a kind of composite thermosetting plastic pipe, combing Resin

with Fiberglass Roving. RTR is a thermosetting resin can be epoxy or polyester
reinforced usually with fiberglass.
 Polymer Matrix Composites
Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) is the material consisting of
a polymer (resin) matrix combined with a fibrous reinforcing dispersed phase. Polymer Matrix
Composites are very popular due to their low cost and simple fabrication methods.
Use of non-reinforced polymers as structure materials is limited by low level of their
mechanical properties: tensile strength of one of the strongest polymers - epoxy resin is
20000 psi (140 MPa). In addition to relatively low strength, polymer materials possess
low impact resistance.
Reinforcement of polymers by strong fibrous network permits fabrication of Polymer Matrix
Composites (PMC) characterized by the following properties:
 High tensile strength;
 High stiffness;
 High Fracture Toughness;
 Good abrasion resistance;
 Good puncture resistance;
 Good corrosion resistance;
 Low cost.
The main disadvantages of Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) are:
 Low thermal resistance;
 High coefficient of thermal expansion.
Two types of polymers are used as matrix materials for fabrication
composites: Thermosets (epoxies, phenolics) and Thermoplastics (Low Density Polyethylene
(LDPE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, nylon, acrylics).
According to the reinforcement material the following groups of Polymer Matrix Composites
(PMC) are used:
 Fiberglasses – Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers;
 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites;
 Kevlar (aramid) fiber reinforced polymers.
Reinforcing fibers may be arranged in different forms:
 Unidirectional fibers;
 Rovings;
 Veil mat: thin pile of randomly orientated and looped continuous fibers;
 Chopped strands: thin pile of randomly orientated and looped short (3-4 inches) fibers;
 Woven fabric.
Properties of Polymer Matrix Composites are determined by:
 Properties of the fibers;
 Orientation of the fibers;
 Concentration of the fibers;
 Properties of the matrix.
Properties of Polymer Matrix Composites may be estimated by the Rule of Mixtures.
Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) are used for manufacturing: secondary load-bearing
aerospace structures, boat bodies, canoes, kayaks, automotive parts, radio controlled
vehicles, sport goods (golf clubs, skis, tennis racquets, fishing rods), bullet-proof vests and
other armor parts, brake and clutch linings.