CE115 - CEE

Civil Engineering Drawing

and Spatial Analysis

Christopher M. Monsere, Ph.D., P.E.

Assistant Professor
Portland State University
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
monsere@pdx.edu
Your first assignment (partial)

• Introductory
Letter
• Tell me about
yourself
• Professional
style and tone
• Take learning
survey

2
 Short Biography
• Education
• BSCE – University of Detroit Mercy, 1995
• MSCE – Iowa State University, 1997
• Ph.D. – Iowa State University, 2001
• Registration
• Oregon PE 74673PE
• Experience
• Various internships – general civil consultant, highway
contractor, A/E firm
• Oregon DOT – Highway Safety Engineer, 4 years
• Portland State University – Research Faculty, April 2004
• Portland State University – Faculty, September 2006

3
 Courses at Portland State
• Fall Quarter
• Urban Transportation
Systems
• Introduction to
Transportation Engineering
Research Methods
• Winter Quarter
• Off
• Spring Quarter
• Engineering Drawing and
Spatial Analysis
• Transportation Safety
Analysis
• All Quarters
• Transportation Seminar

4
Life outside PSU

5
 Introductions

TURN AROUND, INTRODUCE YOURSELF

• Your name
• Your class standing @ PSU
• Something memorable about you
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 http://www.cee.pdx.edu/
Degree
Requirements

Announcements

News

Scholarships

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Learning Objectives
1. Use and interpret scales, basic lettering, and do
simple technical sketching.
2. Be able to transcribe a three dimensional object to a
two-dimensional representation in an engineering
drawing.
3. Be able to read and create simple common civil
engineering drawings, nomenclature and plan sets.
4. Perform simple spatial analysis and display of
geographic information.
5. Have a working knowledge of CAD and GIS software
and the ability to do basic exercises.

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 Course Administrative Details
• Website, Website, Website
• http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~monserec/courses/graphics/index.htm

• Required text
• Platenberg, K. Engineering Graphics Essentials with
AutoCAD 2009 Instruction. ISBN 978-1-58503-438-3
• Suggested: A mechanical pencil, a plastic eraser, erasing shield, a
large bow compass, a 180º protractor, a 45º/90º triangle, a 30º/60º
triangle, and a 12” triangular engineer’s scale , an architect’s scale, a metric
scale.

• Professionalism
• Attendance
• Late work is not accepted
• @cecs account required for class
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 Evaluation
• Weekly Labs
• 50%
• Lowest grade dropped
• Midterm exam
• 15%
• “Design” project
• 15%
• Final Exam
• 20%

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Schedule
1. Introduction to Class
2. No Class Make Up To Be Scheduled
3. Orthographic Projection
4. Sectioning
5. Dimensioning & Tolerancing
6. Structural Drawings & Welding
7. Landform Drawings, Design Project Introduction
8. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
9. Using Geographic Information Systems
10. Holiday - No Class or Lab
11. Final Exam

11
Lecture -- Lab

12
Graphic Representation

Technical Artistic

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What is an Engineering
Drawing?
• A drawing that communicates an idea
or design.

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Engineering Drawings
• Mechanical Engineers
• Detailed drawing of a part that needs to be
machined.
• Electrical Engineers
• A circuit schematic.
• Circuit board layout.
• Civil Engineers
• Design plans for a bridge.
• Road layout.

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Role of Technical Drawings

• Technical drawings typically serve one

of three purposes:
• Visualization
• Communication
• Documentation

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http://www.trbvis.org/MAIN/CASE_STUDIES.html MnDOT – Visualization of I-
494 / I-35W Interchange

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Documentation: As-Built Drawings

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Documentation: Fabrication Drawings

Dym and Little, Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2009

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Software
• NOUN: Computer Science The
programs, routines, and symbolic
languages that control the functioning
of the hardware and direct its
operation.
• The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:
Fourth Edition. 2000.

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The Computer as a Drafting Tool

• Computer-aided design
(CAD)
• Most technical drawings are
created using CAD
• Advantages of CAD include:
• Accuracy
• Speed
• The ability to present spatial and
visual information in a variety of
ways
• The same general concepts and
drafting standards apply to CAD
as to drawings created by hand
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Computer as Design Tool
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE)
• Analysis, models, tools
• May interact with CAD
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

• Watch a demo of SAP 2000 design

software

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AutoCAD 2009

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AutoCAD Civil & Civil3D

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Microstation Bentley

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Microstation – Design Tools

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Geographic Information Systems

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Where is this point?

CAD GIS
• x, • latitude,
• y, • longitude,
• z • elevation
• On some user defined • On earth’s surface
coordinate system

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GIS Data – Soil Classificiation

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Defining Spatial Data
• Google
KMZ/KML
• LandXML

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Student Version of Software
• http://students.autodesk.com/

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Turn to Your Partner

• Answer these questions, be prepared to share:

• Choose the last digit of one of your student IDs as
your group ID.
• How many exams are there in this class?
• When is late work accepted?
• What is the course username and password?
• What are the 3 purposes of technical drawings?
• What is the main difference between CAD and GIS?
• What are some examples of computer-aided
engineering (CAE)?

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Engineering Drawing
Fundamentals
• Projections
• Scale
• Line Types
• Lettering
• Layout

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 Types of Projection
• Perspective
projection
• Projectors come
together at the
station point
• Represent objects as
we see them
• Parallel projection
• Projectors are
parallel
• 2D scaling

© 2009 Pearson Education Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill , Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
34
 The Six Principle Views
(CE: Plan)
• The 6 principle
views are
created by
looking at the
object, straight
on, in the
directions
indicated.

© 2009 Platenberg, K. Engineering Graphics Essentials with AutoCAD 2009

Instruction. ISBN 978-1-58503-438-3
35
 Orthographic Projection

© 2009 Platenberg, K. Engineering Graphics Essentials with AutoCAD 2009

Instruction. ISBN 978-1-58503-438-3
36
 Language
of Lines
• The meaning of
each line on a
technical drawing
is indicated by its
width and its
particular line style

© 2009 Pearson Education Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill , Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
37
Measurement Systems
• U.S. Customary Units
• Based on inch-foot and yard
measurements
• Metric (SI)
• The primary unit of measurement for
engineering drawings and design in the
mechanical industries is the millimeter
(mm)
• Secondary units are the meter (m) and
kilometer (km)

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Drawing Scale
• Drawing scale is the reduction or
enlargement of the size of a drawn
object relative to the real object
• Scale is often determined on the size of
drawing sheet used
• Scale is stated as a ratio of the number
of paper units to the number of actual
units (i.e. PU:AU)

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Specifying the Scale on a Drawing

• There are several acceptable methods

to note scale on a drawing
• For example, a part that’s shown on the
paper at half its actual size, the scale
may be listed in one of these ways:
• SCALE 1:2 or SCALE ½
• SCALE 1”=50’
• SCALE 1 CM = 500 m

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 Exercise 1-3: Scale
• Using the ruler provided, determine the
scale that should be indicated on the
drawing for the following objects.
PU:AU
Dimensions 1:1
are Actual PU:3
3:3

Paper

© 2009 Platenberg, K. Engineering Graphics Essentials with AutoCAD 2009

Instruction. ISBN 978-1-58503-438-3
41
 Exercise 1-3: Scale
• Using the ruler provided, determine the
scale that should be indicated on the
drawing for the following objects.
PU:AU
DU:AU
1:2 PU:3
1.5:3

© 2009 Platenberg, K. Engineering Graphics Essentials with AutoCAD 2009

Instruction. ISBN 978-1-58503-438-3
42
AutoCAD
• We draw at FULL scale, you decide what
the drawing units are, then adjust drawing
scale for printing purposes depending on
paper units
• ACTUAL UNITS * SCALE =
Measured in PAPER UNITS
• PAPER UNITs depends on what ACAD
thinks the paper units are (in our class,
always INCHES (8.5”x11” paper)

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Question
• If the actual object is 6 inches and we
want it to print as 6 inches on 8.5”x11”
paper, what scale is used?
• ACTUAL UNITS * SCALE = PAPER UNITS
• 6 inches * SCALE = 6 inches
• 6 inches * 1”/1”= 6 inches

• SCALE 1:1

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Question
• If the actual object is 6 inches and we
want it to print as 3 inches on 8.5”x11”
paper, what scale is used?
• ACTUAL UNITS * SCALE = PAPER UNITS
• 6 inches * SCALE = 3 inches
• 6 inches * 1”/2” = 3 inches

• SCALE 1:2

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Metric Scaling Question
• If the actual object is 6 centimeters and
we want it to print as 6 centimeters on
8.5”x11” paper, what scale is used?
• ACTUAL UNITS * SCALE = PAPER UNITS
• 6 cm * 1 in/2.54 cm = 2.36 inches

• SCALE 1:1 (metric)

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47
Notes, Tables, and Lettering
• Lettered text is often necessary to
describe an object or to provide
detailed specifications
• Lettering should be legible, easy to
create, and use appropriate styles

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 Freehand Lettering

© 2009 Pearson Education Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill , Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
49
CAD Lettering
• CAD drawings typically use a Gothic
lettering style but often use a Roman
style for titles
• When lettering a CAD drawing, it is
advisable to not use more than two
fonts within the same drawing for
clarity

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 Standard Layout Elements
• Margins and borders
• Title block

• Notes
that label
each
“item” on
drawing

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Groups of 3-4

• Answer the following questions

(be prepared to share):
• What is the title of the drawing?
• When was it last revised?
• What type and how many views
are shown?
• In 1-2 sentences, what is this
standard drawing about?

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Cartesian & Polar Coordinates
• In AutoCAD, lines, circles and etc... are
defined by coordinate points.

• The two main coordinate systems used

are the
• Cartesian coordinate system (x,y)
• polar coordinate system (r,q).

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Cartesian Coordinate System
• The origin is located at (0,0,0).

Origin

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Creating a Line
• Command: l or line
• LINE Specify first point: 2,1
• Specify next point or [Undo]: 6,3
• Specify next point or [Undo]: Enter

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Polar Coordinate System
• The location of any point in space can
be identified by the radial coordinate r
and the angular coordinate q.

Origin

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Polar Coordinate System
• The angular coordinate q is measured
counterclockwise starting at the positive
x-axis.

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Creating a Line
• Command: l or line
• LINE Specify first point: 2.5<60
• Specify next point or [Undo]: 7<10
• Specify next point or [Undo]: Enter

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Relative Coordinates
• If the start point of a line is unknown,
you can enter relative coordinate points
to create the end point.
• The symbol @ is placed before the
coordinate point if it is to be relative to the
last point entered.

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Creating a Line
• Command: l or line
• LINE Specify first point: unknown
• Specify next point or [Undo]: @4,2
• Specify next point or [Undo]: Enter

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Creating a Line
• Command: l or line
• LINE Specify first point: 2,1
• Specify next point or [Undo]: @5<25
• Specify next point or [Undo]: Enter

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WCS & UCS Coordinate Systems

• AutoCAD has two different coordinate

frames;
• world coordinate system (WCS), which
is fixed and cannot be moved
• user coordinate system (UCS), which
may be translated and rotated

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63
Relative Coordinates 1

Pg 1-45

EXERCISE 1-2

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Cartesian coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

How do we
@0,30
draw this line?

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Cartesian coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@40,0

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Cartesian coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@0,-20

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Cartesian coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@40,0
@20,0

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Cartesian coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@0,-10

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Cartesian coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@-60,0

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Polar coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@30<90 How do we
draw this line?

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Polar coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@40<0

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Polar coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@20<-90

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Polar coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@20<0

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Polar coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@10<-90

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Exercise 1-2: Relative coordinates

• Fill in the relative Polar coordinates

needed to draw the following object.

@60<180

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Lab 1
• Prior to your lab session complete:
• Platenberg: P1-1, P1-2
• Have the TA or professor initial at the
start of lab.
• Read pages 1-1 through 1-67
• Follow instructions in lab handout.

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