Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Of
Residential / Commercial Buildings
By
owerPoint lecture prPoesented by:
ENGR. VIRGILIO S. LUZARES ‘govhil’
Reminder
In accordance with the New Electrical Engineering Law
(RA#7920), Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE), Registered
Electrical Engineer (REE), and Registered Master Electrician (RME)
may prepare electrical plans, specifications and other related
documents but only a PEE can sign and seal these plans,
specifications, other related documents, and practice electrical
engineering in its full scope.
2
II. Review of Basic Design Requirements
2.1.0 Definition
The definitions in PEC1 2009 apply in this presentation and
only selected additional definitions which are applicable and
necessary in the design of high-rise residential/commercial
condominium building are presented.
2.1.1. Building
A roofed structure, which stands alone or that is cut-off from
adjoining structures by firewalls with all openings therein are
protected by approved fire doors and which is constructed with
columns, walls and flooring, and intended for the support, shelter
or enclosures of person, animal, chattel, or property of any kind.
3
2.1.2 Classification of Building
Roof
Air space
separation or
Occupant A fire wall Occupant B
Building A Building B
(Elevation) (Elevation)
5
2.1.2.2 Based on the Number of Occupancies
6
ILLUSTRATION # 1B
Roofing
Wall partition
Air Air
space space
Occupant 1 Occupant 2 Occupant 3
Ground
level
Building C
(Elevation)
7
ILLUSTRATION #1C
Firewall Firewall
.4m - 1.0m height
Roofing Roofing Roofing
Air Air
space space
Firewall
Ground
Level
Building D
(Elevation)
8
2.1.2.3 Based on Height or Number of Storeys. National
Building Code (PD1096):
9
Low Rise, Single Occupancy
10
III. Electrical Design of a Single Storey, and Single Occupancy
Residential Building.
3.0 General
Although the electrical design of a low-rise residential
building is already a project design subject in most colleges, it is
discussed here because the design processes, criteria, methods,
requirements of the owners, architect, electric utility, and others
are almost similar to the electrical design of a high-rise
condominium building.
11
Not to Scale
b
Sab
16m
7m
N
DINING
Sc
9m
Residential
Rizal St.
W E
c 9m
Building
S S
18m
Service Equipment 4m 8m 4m
T&B
S LOT
c
BEDROOM
KITCHEN
8m
Figure 3.1A
Architectural Layout
12
3.1.1 Review of the Design Requirements
The design requirements are not just whims/caprices of electrical
designers, electrical utilities, municipal/city electrical engineers or
electricians, and others. The following are some requirements which may
enlighten the user of this handout:
For large projects, the electrical layout for the service drop/lateral,
service entrance, service equipment, feeder/subfeeders, load centers
and panelboards are separated from the branch circuit. For large and
complicated projects, further separation might be necessary. 13
3.1.1.3 Legend or Symbol
These help in understanding the electrical plan. The recommended
symbols are shown in Appendix A of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1
2009. However, other symbols can be used, especially the local symbols
which are easily understood in the area.
B) Type of wiring
These include service entrance, feeders, subfeeders, and
branch circuit wires for lighting and power load.
D) Methods of grounding
14
E) Type and rating of main disconnecting means, overcurrent protection, and
branch circuit wiring.
This is a standard strip of 40mm height at the bottom of the sheet and
contains the following:
3.1.1.9 Others
The complete requirements are shown in Article 1.3 of PEC 1 2009. 16
3.2 Detailed Design.
3.2.1 Preparations
17
3.2.2 Electrical Calculation (Residential Units)
B) Provide one (1) 20A branch circuit. Although a 15AT circuit breaker is
adequate for the computed load, a 20AT circuit breaker is used to take
care of expected high usage of home appliances. Refer to section
2.40.1.6 for standard ampere trip ratings of circuit breakers.
C) Use 2 # 3.5mm², copper TW, branch circuit conductors. Pls. refer to Table
3.10.1.16 for ampacity.
D) Use 15mm dia. rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit
which can accommodate 2 #3.5 mm2 copper, TW.
18
3.2.2.2 Small appliance load
B.) Provide one(1) 20A small appliance branch circuit as per Section
2.10.1.11(c)(1) or Section 2.10.3.3(b)(1). Refer also to Section
2.40.1.6 for ampere trip ratings of circuit breakers.
D.) Use 15mm dia. Rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of
conduit which can accommodate 2 #3.5 mm2 copper, TW.
19
3.2.2.3 Laundry load
B.) Use one (1) 20A branch circuit as per section 2.10.1.11(c)(2).
D.) Use 15mm dia. rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of
conduit which can accommodate 2 #3.5mm2 copper, TW.
20
3.2.2.4 Sum of connected load for general lighting, small
appliance, and laundry.
Connected load = 1,728VA + 1,500VA + 1,500VA
= 4,728VA
3.2.2.5 Demand load for the three (3) loads above (3.2.2.4)
Demand load = First 3000VA at 100% plus remainder at 35%
= 3000VA x 100% + (4728-3000)VA x 35%
= 3000VA + (1,728VA)35%
= 3000VA + 604.8VA
= 3604.8VA
I (demand load) = 3,604.8VA = 15.7 A
230V
= 15.7A
Where the 100% & 35% demand factors are as per Table 2.20.3.3.
21
3.2.2.6 Other Loads
A.) One (1) 1.5 Hp room ACU, single phase 10A x 230V = 2,300 volt-
amperes
Where 10A is as per Table 4.30.14.2.
C.) Use 2 #3.5 mm2 copper, TW branch circuit conductors. Refer to Table
3.10.1.16 for the ampacity of the conductor.
D.) Use 15 mm dia. rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit
which can accommodate 2 #3.5mm2 copper, TW.
E.) The room ACU is at 100% demand factor. Refer to Section 2.20.4.3(c)(1).
22
3.2.2.7 Total computed net continuous load
Load = 3,604.8 volt-amperes + 2,300 volt-amperes
= 5,904.8VA
I = 5,904.8VA = 25.7A
230V
23
3.2.2.9 Service Entrance Conductors
B.) Use two(2) # 8mm² copper THW wires. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16
for conductor ampacity. THW insulation is used because the chances of
the service entrance encountering more heat is greater than the branch
circuit inside each unit.
C.) Use 20 mm. dia. PVC conduit except the supply side of service meter,
which shall be galvanized rigid steel conduit as per requirement of Meralco.
Refer to Table C10 for rigid PVC conduit and Table C8 for rigid steel conduit
size which can accommodate 2 #8mm2 copper, THW.
24
3.2.2.10 Service Equipment
A.) Maximum current rating of protective device. Refer to Section 4.30.5.2, Section
4.30.5.3(1), and Section 4.30.5.3(3).
Where 15.7A is the I (demand load) excluding the full load current of the 1.5 Hp ACU,
300% and 250% are as per Table 4.30.4.2 and 10A is the full load current of the 1.5 H.p,
230V, room air conditioner as per Table 4.30.14.2.
B.) One(1) 40AT, 1-pole, 250V circuit breaker is already complying, but there is no need for
main circuit breaker for the service equipment, considering that there are four(4) branch
circuit breakers only. However, this panelboard shall be marked/approved as service
equipment.
Total Connected Load = General lighting & co plus small appliance plus laundry + other loads
= 1,728 VA + 1500VA +1,500VA + 2,300VA = 7,028VA
26
3.2.3 Electrical Plans
27
Service Supply 230V, 2-wire, grounded
Service Supply 230V,
from distribution
2-wire, grounded transformer
rated 100kVA, 19.9kV-230V, grounded
M
Service Entrance 2 #8mm²
copper, THW in 20mm
galvanized rigid steelo conduit.
Sab
SALA
a a a
S
1
T&B
3
S
b
2 BEDROOM
Service Equipment
3-20AT, 1P, 250V
1-30AT, 1p, 250V 4
8m 28
3.2.3.2 Location Plan
This is also the same as the location plan in Figure 3.1A
but it has to be incorporated in the electrical plans.
16m
Residential E
Rizal St.
W
Building 9m
S
18m
4m 8m 4m
LOT
Figure 3.2B
Figure 3.2B
Location Plan 29
3.2.3.3 Legend
Note: This can be included in Electrical Wiring Layout Sheet
30
31
3.2.3.4 General Notes/Specifications
A) All electrical works shall be done in accordance with the Philippine Electrical
Code Part 1, latest edition, the requirements of the municipality of Marilao
and the Manila Electric Company.
32
E) The the service equipment and all other equipment shall be provided
with adequate and proper grounding.
H) Service entrance conduit, from the service head to the electric meter,
shall be exposed galvanized rigid steel conduit.
Farthest outlet
Figure 3.2E
Location of Wiring and Other Requirements
N
M
Service Entrance 2 #8mm²
copper, THW in 20mm Residential E
Rizal St.
W
Building 9m
galvanized rigid steelo conduit.
S
18m
Sab
4m 8m 4m
LOT
SALA
Note: This can be included in the
electrical wiring layout sheet.
a a a
Figure 3.2B
Service Entrance 2 #8mm²
copper, THW in 20mm
PVC conduit
DINING
Location Plan
Sc
9m
c
S
1
Legend
T&B
3
S
b
2 BEDROOM
Service Equipment
3-20AT, 1P, 250V
1-30AT, 1p, 250V 4
8m
General/Notes
A) All electrical works shall be done in accordance with the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1, latest edition, the requirements
of the municipality of Marilao and the Manila Electric Company.
B) The electrical works shall be done by a Registered Master Electrician (RME) or Registered Electrical Engineer (REE) or
Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE) or skilled electrical practitioner but under the supervision of RME, REE, PEE.
C) Materials, devices and equipment shall be new and shall be in conformance with the Philippine Standards or listed by an
organization which is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
D) The electrical service shall be 230V, line to ground, single phase.
E) The service equipment and all other equipment shall be provided with adequate and proper grounding.
F) Conductors and conduits shall be as indicated in the computation load schedule, or single line diagram.
G) All wiring shall be in PVC conduit and shall be embedded when running thru concrete except when otherwise noted.
H) Service entrance conduit, from the service head to the electric meter, shall be exposed galvanized rigid steel conduit.
I) All wiring devices shall be flush mounted and grounding type.
J) Mounting height of convenience outlets shall be 30cm from the floor level.
K) Layout dimension are approximate and intended as installation guides only.
L) All inconsistencies shall be brought to the attention of the PEE who signed and sealed the drawings, computations, load
schedule, specifications, and other documents.
Professional EE: Revision # Project Title: Sheet Contents: Project Owner: Dwg# E-1
Sht# 1 of 2
Scale:
37
3.2.3.9 Final Electrical Plan (Cont)
Figure 3.2F
Location of Load Schedule and Other Requirements
Professional EE: Revision # Project Title: Sheet Contents: Project Owner: Dwg# E-1
Sht# 2 of 2
Scale:
38
3.2.4 Size of Grounding (Pls. refer 3.2.3.7 Panelboard Schematic and
Grounding Diagram)
The size of grounding in a building is covered by the following
Sections and Tables
39
3.2.4.4 Service Equipment Bonding Jumper
Section 2.50.2.9(d), 2.50.5.13(c) and Table 2.50.3.17 – this is based
on the size of the service entrance conductors. The size of the service
entrance conductors is # 8mm² THW or TW and hence, from Table
2.50.3.17, the size of service equipment bonding jumper is 8mm² THW
or TW.
40
3.2.5 Voltage Drop Calculations
3.2.5.1 Design Criteria
In the computation of the voltage drops, the following are the design
criteria in this handout:
43
3.2.5.2 Computation
In figure 3.2J or 3.2A, the effective length of the 20A branch circuit, for
convenience outlets, is 24m. The branch circuit current, as computed, is
7.51A as indicated in the Load Schedule. Considering that there is no feeder
circuit as shown in the Single Line Diagram, figure 3.2G, the voltage drop to
be computed is only for the branch circuit. And hence,
Voltage Drop = IR
= 7.51A x 24m x 2ohms x 2
305m
= 7.5A x .16ohm x 2
= 2.4 Volts
where 2 ohms per 305m is the unit resistance of the conductor
(#3.5mm²) as shown in Table 9.1.1.9. To facilitate the computations, only the
resistance is considered. The factor 2 takes care of the return path.
45
Voltage drop calculations are necessary because the voltage at the
supply side of equipment may not be adequate to operate the equipment,
such as motor loads, fluorescent lamps and others. If not adequate,
necessary adjustments in the supply transformer, in the size of conductors,
and others may be done.
When fault occurs at any point of the electrical system, it may result to
fires, loss of lives, properties, and others. And hence, the electrical
protection shall be provided with adequate short circuit ratings and this can
be achieved through calculations of the available or expected short circuit
current at strategic points in the electrical system.
Zt – the impedance of the 100 KVA distribution transformer which supplies power. The
value is either in per unit (pu) or in percentage (%) which is converted to pu by
dividing the percentage by 100. The value is indicated in the nameplate, and
available from the utility or manufacturer’s catalogs.
Zdl – the impedance of the secondary distribution line, not readily available.
Zsd – the impedance of the service drop, not readily available.
Zse1 – the impedance of the service entrance from the circuit breaker to fault point F1.
Zse2 – the impedance of the service entrance from service point to F2.
Zbc – the impedance of the branch circuit conductor form the service equipment to the
farthest outlet.
Z (per unit) = Z(ohms) x KVA base .
(KVbase)(KVbase) x 1000
Pls refer to Table 9.1.1.9 for the impedance of the given size of conductor.
The value of Zdl and Zsd are data which are not readily available and can be reasonably
assumed to be zero in these computations. With this zero assumption, the electrical
designer is at the higher and safer side. And hence, the remaining impedances/resistances
to limit the fault current are Zs, Zt, Zse1, and Zse2 only.
47
48
Our concerns are the available short current at the service equipment
designated as F1 and at the private pole outside the building designated as
F2 in order that the interrupting and momentary current rating of the circuit
breakers concerned can be specified.
Where ZT is the total impedance/resistance from the power source to the fault
point. Furthermore ZT is in per unit at the same base with the current.
49
3.2.6.2 Computations
For easier computations, the data of the 100KVA
transformer are used as the base, and hence, all values are
referred to this transformer.
In order to arrive at the value of the short circuit current, the ZT has to
be computed which is composed of:
A) Zs (pu) = 100kVA
1,000,000kVA
= 0.0001
2) 26.72m is the approximate length of the service entrance from the fault
point F1 to the circuit breaker at the private concrete pole. Please refer to
Figure 3.2K
3) 2 is the multiplier to take care of the return path of the single phase circuit.
51
D) Zse2 (Ohms) = 0.78 Ohm x 4.6m x 2 = .024 ohms
305m
where,
1) 0.78 Ohm is the impedance of the service entrance
305m
conductor (#8mm²) in rigid PVC conduit as per Table 9.1.1.9. Please note that
only the resistance is used to facilitate computation
2) 4.6m is the approximate length of the service entrance from the fault point F2 to the
service point at the private concrete pole. Please refer to Figure 3.2K
3) 2 is the multiplier to take care of the return path of the single phase circuit.
I= 434.8 = 434.8 .
Zs + Zt + Zse2 0.0001 + 0.06 + 0.045
= 434.8 = 4,137A
0.1051
53
3.2.7.1 Materials Take-off
This is just measuring the total lengths of conduits & its fittings,
conductors & its accessories, consumables, number of devices &
equipment, etc. The total length of conductors and conduits may be
converted to commercial lengths, when necessary. The lengths or
quantities can be obtained from the Electrical Wiring Layout (Figure
3.2J), which shall be drawn to scale, for horizontal lengths, and for
vertical lengths thru a vertical configuration of the electrical installation
as shown in Figure 3.2K.
54
M
16m
Sab
SALA
a a a
DINING
Sc
c
Service Equipment S
1
T&B
3
S
b
2 BEDROOM
4 55
56
It has to be noted that the layout plan may be indicated as drawn to scale
but these layouts may have been reduced already and so, measurements are
already inaccurate. For this type of layout plan, the electrical practitioner has to
reproduce the actual layout plan which is drawn to scale or use the graphical
scale as indicated, if any.
A. Circuit # 1, CO
a) Conduit lengths, 15mm
1) 3-wire, from layout = 3m + 1m + 2m
+ 1.5m + 2.5m + 1.5m
+ 1.5m + 2.5m + 2m
+ 3m + 3m + 4m + 1.5
= 29m
The above values are measurements based on the true scale which is
used in the layout.
e) Electrical tape
Electrical tape = .3m x 13
= 3.9m
Where
.3m is the length needed to cover one(1) Co. 13 is the number of Cos.
B. Circuit # 2
a) Conduit lengths, 15mm
1) 4-wire, from layout = 2.1m + 2.7m
= 4.8
Conduit length
For 4-wire = 4.8m + 1.5m
= 6.3m
Conduit length
For 3-wire = 22.4m + 6m
= 28.4m
60
b) Boxes and Fittings
61
2) When color coded conductors are available
Black = (4.8m + 1.5m) x 2 + (22.4 + 6)
= 41m
Green = 4.8m + 22.4m + 6m
= 34.7m
White = 4.8m + 22.4 + 6m
= 34.7m
where
.3m is the length needed to cover one(1) lighting outlet or switch.
13 is the number of lighting outlet and switches
62
C. Circuit # 3, Laundry
a) Conduit lengths, 15mm
1.) 3-wire, from layout = 3.7m
63
c) Conductor length, 3.5mm²
1) Conductor length, from layout = 3 x 5.5m
= 16.5 meter
where
3 is the number of conductors in the conduit.
64
3) When color coded conductors are available
Where
.3m is the length needed to cover one(1) outlet
65
D. Circuit # 4
a) Conduit lengths, 20mm
where
.3m is the length needed to cover one(1) outlet
E. Panelboard
b) 4-20AT, Single pole, 230V with a computed available short circuit current of
1,194.5A at F1 for each circuit breaker ______ 1pc.
68
F. Service Entrance (Please refer to Single Line Diagram)
a) Conduits & fittings
1.) PVC, 20mm = 1.5m + 22.8m + 1.6m
= 25.9m
2.) Rigid steel conduit (RSC) 20mm = 2mm
3.) Conduit clamp steel for 20mm (RSC) = 3pcs
4.) Weather head, for 2 #8mm² = 1pc.
5.) Bushing, 20mm = 5pcs.
6.) Locknut, 20mm = 2 x bushings
= 10 pcs.
b) Boxes and Fittings – None
c) Conductor lengths, #2 #8mm², THW
1) Length = (25.9m + 2m + .15m + .15m + .6m)x 3
= 28.8m x 3
= 86.4m
where
.15m is the length allowing for panelboard or circuit breaker.
.6 is the drip loop allowance
H. Grounding rod copperbonded pointed rod, 16mm dia., 2.4m length - 1pc. 69
3.2.7.2 Bill of Materials/Equipment/Devices
70
B) Wires and Accessories
a.) # 3.5mm², 600V, 60°c maximum operating temperature in dry or wet
location, solid single soft-drawn copper conductor, extruded polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), TW, 60°c maximum operating temperature, flame
retardant and resistant to moisture, solvents and acids, with the following
color:
Black – 8.6m
Green – 8.6m
Gray – 8.6m
b.) # 5.5mm² . . .
Black – 86.6m
Green – 80.6m
Gray – 80.6m
E) Lighting panelboard, 230V line to ground, single phase, with four (4)
20AT and 6,000A interrupting capacity branch circuit breakers, with
separate equipment and system grounding, to be used as service
equipment, as shown in the attached Figure 3.2D -------------------------- 1pc
72
3.2.8 Budgetary Cost Estimate
This estimate is for budgetary purpose only and intended for
the owner to assess and prepare for the financial requirements
of the installation works. The cost estimate is basically the sum
of the following:
a.) Materials
b.) Equipment/Devices
c.) Labor
d.) Supervision & Engineering
e.) Overhead
f.) Contingencies
g.) Profit
h.) Taxes
73
3.2.8.1 Materials
The unit cost of each item is usually based on price
list of the different suppliers. For accuracy, the supplies
are requested to quote on these materials, in unit cost
and/or lump price based on the Bill of Materials.
74
4. Double locknut and bushing ---------------------------------------- P 960
15mm: 50pcs x P15/pc ---------- P 750
20mm: 7pcs x P30/pc ----------- P 210
P 960
5. Conduit clamp, for 20mm rigid steel conduit, galvanized
3pcs x P15/pc -------------------------- P 45
8. Octagonal box, 4”
8pcs x P20/pc -------------------------- P 160
75
B. Wires and Accessories -------------------------------------------------- P 7,323
76
3.2.8.2 Equipment and Wiring Devices
77
B. Lighting Fixture ------------------------------------------------- P 2,298
Fluorescent, tubular, 1-40w, 6pcs x P328/pc ------ P 1,968
CFL 2pcs x P165/pc ------------------------- P 330
78
3.2.8.3 Labor
The cost of labor is based on the estimated total
number of man-hours and the cost per man-hour
to finish the project. The computation is tedious,
however, based on experience the cost of labor is
approximately 50% of the cost of materials and
equipment/devices.
Cost of labor = 50%(P12,393 + P6,020) ------------ P 9,206.50
79
3.2.8.5 Overhead
80
3.2.8.6 Contingency
This cost item depends on the foresight and gut feel
of the estimator. This is usually 2% of the cost of materials,
equipment/devices, labor, and supervision/engineering
81
3.2.8.7 Profit
This amount is usually dictated by higher management
of the installer/bidder. The amount is usually 25% of the
total cost of materials, equipment/device, labor,
supervision/engineering, overhead and contingency.
82
3.3 Project Budget = + P 12,393.00
(Materials)
+ P 6,020.00
(Equipment/Devices)
+ P 9,206.50 (Labor)
+ P 9,206.50
(Supervision/Engineering)
+ P 3,682.60
(Overhead)
+ P 736.52
(Contingency)
+ P 10,311.28 (Profit)
+ P 3,299.61 (Tax)
= P 54,856.01
= P 55,000
(Approximate)
83
IV. Electrical System Design of High-Rise Residential/Commercial
Condominium Building
4.0 General
84
4.1 Design Process
4.1.0 General
The basic processes in the design of the electrical power system of
a high-rise residential/commercial condominium building is similar to
a single storey and single occupancy residential building. In the
high-rise condominium building, additional processes have to be
followed because of additional data to consider. The discussions
and computations in this presentation are derived heavily on a
single storey and single occupancy residential building.
85
4.1.1.1 Load from previous feasibility studies of the consultant/owner.
86
4.1.3 Coordination works
a) Entry point shall be at the side where the existing electric utility
facilities are located. If not, this will result to a longer extension of
facilities.
b) Direct access to the transformer vault from outside the building, shall
be provided.
c) The transformer vault shall be located either at the following:
Ground floor, Second floor provided with hoisting facilities. First
basement provided there is a second basement below.
87
D) Dimension of the transformer vault
c) Walls, roofs and floors shall be 150mm thick reinforced concrete. When
the vault is constructed with vacant space or storey below it, the floor
shall have adequate structural strength for the load imposed.
E) Metering schemes
88
a) Secondary multi-meter per floor
This scheme is allowed for residential/commercial condominium building
which has a minimum of thirty (30) storeys or a minimum of three hundred (300)
condo units. Furthermore, the main service conductor for residential units shall
be a busduct with a uniform size from the main service circuit breaker to the
highest floor of the condominium building.
B. Fees
The fees for electrical permit, certificate of Final Electrical Inspection, etc.,
are prescribed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
and will be sent to the Local Building Official for implementation. In addition,
the cities/municipalities may set their own fees in accordance with their
ordinances and other lawful requirements.
C. Others
The cities/municipalities may have other technical requirements in
accordance with their ordinances.
90
4.1.3.3 Technical Disciplines
A. Architect/Owner
The electrical designer needs the following data from the architect:
a) Designated occupancies and available space for the electrical
equipments, including space for electrical conduit runs.
b) The space dimensions (height, width and length).
B. Mechanical Engineers
a) Location, size and rating of all the mechanical equipment such
as air-conditioning units, elevators, hoisting equipment, etc.
C. Sanitary Engineers
a) Location, size and rating of equipment required such as motor and
lighting for sewage treatment plant, sump pump, etc.
D. Safety Engineers
a) Location, size and rating of firefighting equipment such as fire
pumps, jockey pumps, etc.
91
E. Communication Engineers
a) Location, size and rating of telecom equipment
F. Others
Concerned technical people who are responsible for:
92
4.2 Design Criteria
4.2.0 General
This is an agreement, between the electrical consultant/designer and the
owner/developer, including architect or other engineering disciplines which
are the bases of the electrical design. This is necessary to avoid costly
changes resulting from unconfirmed assumptions/bases.
b) Each residential and commercial units will be metered and billed directly
by Meralco
93
c) All administration loads such as load for elevators, hallways, lobbies,
parking, domestic water pumps, social hall, common toilets and other
common loads will have one(1) meter and will be billed directly by
Meralco.
94
4.2.2 Space/area for Meralco pad mounted transformers, meters and
accessories, which will be provided by the applicant
owner/developer.
a) Transformer vault
The dimension will depend on the size and quantity of pad mounted
transformers.
b) Electrical/Metering room
The dimension will depend also on the size and quantity of meters.
c) Roadways
Direct access to the transformer vault from the outside of the building
and without any intervention of personnel of the building or compound.
96
B) Standby generator in operation and fires occur.
4.2.5 Others.
97
4.3 Detailed Design
4.3.1 Preparation
A. General
The necessary preparations are similar to the single storey
and single occupancy residential building designed previously. However
special attention shall be given to the layouts and other drawings
because of the area of each condominium units, the area of each floor,
the number of storeys, and total demand load of the building.
B. Architectural Drawings
The approved drawing shall be studied and used as the basis
for all computations and electrical layouts. In this particular
residential/commercial condominium building the architectural drawings
show that there are twelve identical residential units in each floor, from
2nd floor to 30th floor, and the floor area of each unit is 10m x 9m, as
shown in Drawing # 4.5-A. The first floor has ten (10) commercial units
as shown in 4.5.B. The ceiling height per floor is 3.5m. Other drawings
are also provided.
Please note the size of the generator room and the sizes of the
electrical rooms whether these are enough. Furthermore, please note
that there is no electrical room at the first floor but a switchgear and
metering room instead. 98
Architectural Drawing#4.5-A
Second Floor Condo Residential Unit Layout (Typical)
Not to Scale
99
Architectural Drawing#4.5-B
First Floor Commercial Layout
Not to Scale
100
Condo Residential Unit
Not to Scale
DRAWING #4.5C
Layout of each residential Condo Unit (Typical)
Not to Scale 101
DRAWING #4.5D
Layout of each residential Condo Unit (Typical)
Not to Scale 102
4.3.2 Electrical Computations
4.3.2.1 Residential
A. Residential Units
Similar to the earlier computations of single occupancy and single storey
residential building.
B. Sub-Service
E. Size of grounding
a) Equipment
For feeders, sub-feeders, and branch: Use Table 2.50.6.13.
For grounding electrode conductor: Table 2.50.3.17
b) System
For phase current 200A or below: Same as phase conductors
For phase current more than 200A: 200A+ 70% (Phase current-200A) refer to
Section 2.20.3.22(b)(2)
Please note that the system and equipment grounding are to be connected at
the main service equipment only.
104
105
4.3.2.2 Commercial
A. Commercial units
a) General lighting loads: Table 2.20.2.3
Conductor size: Table 3.10.1.16
Conduit size: Table C10
Protective Device: Section 2.40.1.6
b) A/C loads
Area: Assume 40m²/horsepower. From computed horsepower use the next
standard horsepower rating. Table 4.30.14.
Wire: Section 4.30.2.2 (125%) and Table 3.10.1.16
Conduit: Table C10
Protective device: Table 4.30.4.2
d) Other loads
106
f) Service equipment
Size: Not greater than protective device of the highest rated motor + the
sum of the full load currents of the remaining motors + demand current of
power and lighting loads. Section 4.30.5.2, Section 4.30.5.3(1), and
Section 4.30.5.3(3).
4.3.2.3 Admin
A. Lighting & CO
a) Lobby, corridor, electrical room, including stairways and existing
(Typical from 2nd floor to 30th floor).
General lighting load (Area): Table 2.20.2.3
Wire size: Table 3.10.1.16
Conduit size: Table C10
Protective device: Section 2.40.1.6
108
B. Elevators (4 motor-generator sets, with nameplate ratings: 30Hp, 400V, 3Φ,
40A; controller 8A continuous.; motor-generator is rated continuous but used
for intermittent duty cycle). Refer to Figure 50.1 for full load current
a) Branch circuit
Conductor size: Current (full load) x 140% for intermittent duty cycle (Table
4.30.2.2(e) plus 125% (Section 2.10.2.1(a) of other
continuous loads. (Table 3.10.1.16)
Conduit: Table C10
Protective device: Current (full load) x 250% (Table 4.30.4.2) plus other loads
b) Feeder Circuit
Conductor size: Current (Total full load of motors) x 140%(Table 4.30.2.2(e) x
85% demand factor for four(4) elevators (Table 6.20.2.4) +
other continuous loads x125% (Section 2.15.1.2). Table
3.10.1.16
Conduit: Table C10
Protective device: Not greater than the protective device of the highest rated
motor + the full load current of the remaining motors
(Section 6.20.7.1(c) & (Section 4.30.5.2) + other
continuous loads
109
C. Sump pump (10Hp, 400V, 3Φ). Refer to Table 4.30.14.4 for full load current
Conductor size: Current (full load) x 125% (Section 4.30.2.2(a). minimum
Conduit: Table C10
Protective device: Current (full load) x 250% (max) Table 4.30.4.2
D. Pressure pump (15Hp, 400V, 3Φ), with Code Letter E. Refer to Table 4.30.14.4
for full load current
Conductor size: Current (full load) x 125% (Section 6.95.1.6(c), minimum
Conduit: Table C10
Protective device: Current (full load) x 450% Table 4.30.1.7(b) and Section
6.95.1.4(b)a.
E. Fire pump (50Hp, 400V, 3Φ), with Code Letter E. Refer to Table 4.30.14.4 for
full load current
Conductor size: Current (full load) x 125% (Section 6.95.1.6(c)(2), minimum
Conduit: Table C10
Protective device: Current (full load) x 450% Table 4.30.1.7(b) and Section
6.95.1.4(b)a.
110
F. Service Entrance Conductors (Admin)
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
111
G. Size of Service Equipment (Admin)
112
4.3.2.4 Standby Generator
113
B. Standby generator in operation but with fire
a) Lighting - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b) Pressure pump - - - - - - - - - - - -
c) Fire pump x 450% - - - - - -
Total - - - - -
The larger size shall be the size of the standby generator. The
distributor/manufacturer shall be consulted regarding starting
capacity of the standby generator.
114
115
4.3.2.5 Voltage Drop
FIGURE A
SYSTEM and EQUIPMENT
GROUNDING SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM (Partial Only)
118
V. Lightning Protection of a High-rise Building
5.0 General
Lighting protection for a high-rise residential/commercial condominium
is required by the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 2000 (PEC 1 2000),
and the National Building Code (PD#1096) and its Implementing Rules
and Regulations. In PD#1096 there is no specific requirement but in PEC
1 2000, the material requirements are as per Table 2.90.3.5
5.1 Conventional
Conventional
Unprotected air terminal
area
Imaginary cone
O
h
Unprotected
Zone Zone area
of of
Protection Protection
Rooftop
Figure 5.4.2
119
5.1.1 Number of air terminals
120
Figure 5.4.3
Number of Air Terminals
121
Edge of Building
Air Terminal
.6m(max)
.6m(max)
AT AT AT AT AT
Down
conductor to Air Terminal
grounding
electrodes Down
AT AT AT AT
conductor to
grounding
Air Terminal electrodes
AT AT AT AT AT
.6m(max)
.6m(max)
Figure 5.4.3A
Air Terminal Layout (Conventional)
122
5.2 Enhanced
123
Air terminal (enhanced)
H
Zone of
Imaginary dome of the
Rooftop Protection
Zone of Protection
Building Protected
Rp Rp
Legend:
H - Height of the enhanced air terminal
h - Height of the building protected
Rp -Radius of the imaginary dome at the base (rooftop)
Figure 5.6.2
Enhanced Air terminal Appropriate for (h) 20 m or lower
124
Grounded rod Air gap
Electrically floating
spherical dome
Upper support mast
Coupling
Downconductor (Enhanced: low inductance,
Lower Support mast low surge impedance with semi-conductive
outer sheath, etc)
Mast support
Lightning counter
Ground level
Cable termination
Figure 5.6.3
Enhanced Air terminal Appropriate for (h) higher than 20m
125
VI. High Voltage Underground Distribution System.
6.3.6.3 Electrical layout (Initial), including the scheme for the initial power
supply.
6.3.6.4 Three(3) outgoing lines from the substation up to the Meralco take-off
poles at the property boundary. Each line consists of eight(8) sets of
four(4) inches PVC conduit which are encased in concrete.
6.3.6.5 The buildings shall be supplied with a loop-feed lines (2 lines), each line
consists of eight(8) four(4) inches PVC conduits which are encased in
concrete.
6.3.6.7 Single Line Diagram (Initial), including the scheme for the initial power
supply.
+0.0
W E
RE
U
AT
FE
ER
AT
W
+0.0
PADMOUNTED
SWITCHGEAR #1 +0.0
0.00
Legend:
PADMOUNTED
SWITCHGEAR #2 0.00
3
- Manhole. Number indicates location of manhole
- Padmounted Transformer
PROPOSED
S/S LOT FOR
MERALCO
- Switchgear
+3.0 +3.0
0.00
0.00
+6.0 +3.0
0.00
-0.5
+3.0
0.00
+3.0
+6.0
+6.0
- Meralco pole
- Conduit stub-out
131
Drawing 6.6.7 Single Line Diagram (Ultimate)
Not to Scale
SOURCE 1 OPEN POINT OPEN POINT SOURCE 2
at Substation at Substation
ELBOW
ARRESTERS ELBOW
ARRESTERS
OPEN POINT
PADMOUNTED PADMOUNTED
SWITCHGEAR #1 SWITCHGEAR #2
ELBOW
ARRESTERS
Eight(8) 4" PVC conduit schedule 40 Eight(8) 4" PVC conduit schedule 40
PADMOUNTED
TRANSFORMER
INSIDE BLDG.
BLDGS. 1A 1B 2A 2D 2B 2E 4A 4B 4C 3B HIGH-RISEB 3D
364KVA 505KVA 864KVA 339KVA 854KVA 359KVA 680KVA 238KVA 547KVA 1022KVA 2014KVA 339KVA
PADMOUNTED
TRANSFORMER
INSIDE BLDG.
BLDGS. 1E 1D 1C HIGH-RISE A 2C 2F 3A 3C
446KVA 604KVA 1534KVA 1853KVA 1579KVA 343KVA 1822KVA 343KVA
132
Drawing # 6.6. Single Line Diagram (Initial)
Not to Scale
TRANSFORMER VAULT
INSIDE BLDG. AND
STREET MANHOLES
TO BE CONSTRUCTED
BLDGS. 1A 1B
363KVA 505KVA
ELBOW
ARRESTERS
TRANSFORMER VAULT
INSIDE BLDG. AND
STREET MANHOLES
TO BE CONSTRUCTED
BLDGS. 1E 1D
446KVA 604KVA
133
Drawing # 6.7
TOTAL NO. OF
RESIDENTIAL 46 91 300 96 71 394 126 113 286 46 54 47 332 188 47 44 83 43 98 430
UNITS PER BLDG.
TOTAL
RESIDENTIAL
DEMAND LOAD 249.54 382.23 1330.08 482 332.34 1738.88 596.09 498.33 1328.56 225.09 244.67 228.63 1541.98 856.81 228.63 225.01 397.69 123.91 432.79 1900.36
PER BLDG.
(KVA)
TOTAL
RETAIL/REST LOAD - 8.4 89.6 8.4 - - 153.6 242 136 - - - 165.6 51.04 - - 168 - - -
PER BLDG. (KVA)
TOTAL ADMIN
LOAD PER BLDG. 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114
(KVA)
TOTAL DEMAND
LOAD PER BLDG. 363.54 504.63 1533.68 604.4 446.34 1852.88 863.69 854.33 1578.56 339.09 358.67 342.63 1821.58 1021.85 342.63 339.01 679.69 237.91 546.79 2014.36
(KVA)
TOTAL DEMAND
5305.47 4336.97 3525.07 3478.75 16646.26
LOAD (KVA)
134
Thanks
&
God Bless!
&
ENGR. VIRGILIO S. LUZARES ‘govhil’
0932-5368568 * 0915-4226555
Email Address: govhil@gmail.com
gil_luzares@yahoo.com