Nombor

Unsur Konfigurasi Elektron

Proton

2 6 1 2
Sc 21 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 2 2
Ti 22 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 3 2
V 23 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 5 1
Cr 24 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 5 2
Mn 25 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 6 2
Fe 26 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 7 2
Co 27 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 8 2
Ni 28 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 10 1
Cu 29 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s
2 6 10 2
Zn 30 [Ar] 3s 3p 3d 4s

The first ionization energy of sodium, for example, is the energy it takes to remove one electron
from a neutral atom.

Na(g) Na+(g) + e- X(g)  X+(g) + e-

The second ionization energy is the energy it takes to remove another electron to form an Na2+ ion in
the gas phase.

Na+(g) Na2+(g) + e- X+(g)  X2+(g) + e-

The third ionization energy can be represented by the following equation.

Na2+(g) Na3+(g) + e- X2+(g)  X3+(g) + e-

The energy required to form a Na3+ ion in the gas phase is the sum of the first, second, and third
ionization energies of the element.

First, Second, Third, and Fourth Ionization Energies of Sodium, Magnesium, and Aluminum (kJ/mol)