Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers the study's research methodology that allocates locale of the study,

research design, population and sampling procedures, instrument, data gathering procedure, and

statistical treatment.

Locale of the Study

This research was administered in the United Christian Academy, Fourth Estate

Subdivision, Sucat, Parañaque City. The campus supervises qualified learners with a fervent

companionship and interest among their fellows in what the research was looking for, who are

comprised of extensive personalities. The participants who collaborated in this research may

benefit apprehension and awareness interconnected with their selected course and viability.

The United Christian Academy is dedicated to shaping its learners towards academic and

spiritual excellence. The school offers quality education and practical training that leads learners

to habituate industry environmental standards and work with others. It seeks at delivering learning

through communication and cooperation, learning through approach, and enabling self-paced

learning that makes the respondents suitable or pertinent in the sampling.

The school is located at 17 Highlight St., Area 4, Subdivision Fourth Estate, Brgy. San

Antonio, Parañaque City. With God's guidance, the school has accomplished incredible

improvements with its vision and mission right from the beginning to the present. One of these

improvements is the means of providing a senior high school Grade level. Students at senior high

school are to be melded by the approximate real-world setting of the school that gives them

practical skills and helps them to adapt through social demands.

 The locale was chosen because the students are said to be family-oriented and the

participants may feel safe and comfortable in providing feedback to their fellow schoolmates or

friends. In addition, the learners can provide a real answer as it will fall under the school and its

students ' beneficiaries.

Research Design

The role of a research design is to guarantee that the proof acquired allows you to solve

the research problem logically and as clearly as possible (Creswell et al., 2018, Research Design:

Approaches to Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods. 5th edition, Thousand Oaks, CA:

Sage).

In 2017, De Vaus defined research design in his book, Research Design in Social

Research, as the general strategy you choose to integrate the various parts of the study in a

consistent and logical manner, ensuring that you solve the research problem efficiently ; it is the

blueprint for data collection, measurement, and analysis.

A correlational study design was used in this study. This research's primary aim is to

explore the relationship between variables: reading vocabulary and speaking accuracy. Unlike an

experimental type of research design, a correlation study focuses on displaying the relationship

between variables but is not concerned with stating the nature of the relationship and

demonstrating a cause-and-effect relationship.

Correlational research's significance is to measure the extent to which two variables are

linked. The research's aim is to determine which variables interact and what sort of interaction

occurs. This enables the researcher to draw conclusions based on the discovered relationship

(Gall et al., 2009, An introduction, England: Longman Publishing).

(Kalla, 2011) interpreted that there are three types of correlations that are identified:
 • Positive correlation: a positive correlation between two variables is when an increase in

one variable results in an increase in the other variable and a decrease in one variable

leads to a decrease in the other. For instance, the amount of money a person possesses

could positively correlate with the number of cars he owns.

• Negative correlation: A negative correlation is when an increase in one variable leads to

a decrease in another and vice versa. The level of education, for instance, could be

negatively correlated with crime. This implies that if somehow the level of education in a

country is improved, it can result in reduced crime. Note that this does not imply crime is

caused by lack of education. For instance, there may be a common reason for both lack

of education and crime: poverty.

• No correlation: Two variables are uncorrelated when a change in one doesn't lead to a

change in the other and vice versa. For instance, happiness is discovered to be

uncorrelated to money among millionaires. This implies that an increase in money does

not lead to happiness.

During a correlation study, a correlation coefficient is usually used. It ranges from + 1 to

-1. A value close to + 1 shows a strong positive correlation while strong negative correlation is

indicated by a value close to -1. A value close to zero indicates uncorrelated variables.

Population and Sampling Procedure

Stratified sampling is a method of probability sampling used in sample surveys. The

elements of the target population are divided into separate groups or strata where the elements

are similar within each stratum with respect to select characteristics of importance to the survey

(Parsons, 2014).

The elements of the target population are divided into separate groups or strata where the

elements are similar within each stratum with respect to select characteristics of importance to
the survey. This method of population and sampling procedures aims to select a sample size

which is an unbiased representation of the population. That is, there were 16 students per grade

12 section (Acts A, B, C, D and E) who volunteered to represent the entire population.

Respondents were free to convey their views, experiences, and abilities that will help the

research get through.

The researchers asked the selected respondents ' consent and authorization to give

genuine answers to the survey questionnaire deliberately. Furthermore, the researchers ensured

that they would not exploit the private data of the respondents and use the findings in any

impertinent commodity.

Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Inquisitors were granted formal administrative approval to undertake the research

throughout the United Christian Academy. The researchers explained the scheme on behalf of

the etiquette that should be given to the respondents and how the study would benefit them and

the community as well. Participants were ensured that the information collected on the instrument

will be confidential and will only be used in the acknowledgement study. Thus, each participant

willingly agreed on what is said on the consent form indicating the study's mandate and limitations.

A validated survey questionnaire was used in this study to acquire data relevant to the

main objectives and research questions of the study. The purpose of the study was to identify the

correlation between reading vocabulary and speaking accuracy among grade 12 students at the

United Christian Academy, S.Y. 2018-2019. To The researchers approached (Edit) grade 12

students from different sections and courses to participate in the study. The researchers, assisted

by field professionals, handed out questionnaires at the (Edit) on the (Edit). As for the instructions,

participants were tested for reading vocabulary and speaking accuracy. The instrument was given
by the researchers. The participants were reminded that it is prohibited to ask the other

participants for information.

When the respondents completed the questionnaires, the data were given to the study

conductors for data analysis. They interpreted it using the scoring system and the correlation

coefficient that will be discussed at the next part of the research paper.

The researchers undertook not to cause any disturbance to the students ' class hours.

Statistical Treatment

The statistical presented in this study was the participants ' overall data collected. The

researchers used the Standard Deviation formula to distinguish the correlational coefficient. The

variables and formula used in this study are as follows:

Where:

N = Number of pairs of scores

xy = sum of the product of paired scores

x = sum of x scores

y = sum of y scores

x2 = sum of squared x scores

y2 = sum of squared y scores