Timeline of Philippine history

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This is a timeline of Philippine history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events
in the Philippines and their predecessor states.

See also: History of the Philippines

See also: List of the oldest schools in the Philippines
See also: list of Presidents of the Philippines
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You
can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Centuries: 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th · 21st

10th century
Year Date Event Reference
900 End of prehistory. Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the earliest known Philippine
document, is written in the Manila area in Kawi script.
Rise of Indianized Kingdom of Tondo around Manila Bay.

11th century
Year Date Event Reference
People from Southern Annam called Orang Dampuan establish trade zones in
1000
Sulu
Song Shih document records tributary delegation from the Buddhist Kingdom of
1001
Butuan on 17 March.

12th century
Year Date Event Reference
1175 Kingdom of Namayan reaches its peak.

13th century
Year Date Event Reference
1240 Tuan Masha'ika, an Arab, travels and introduces Islam to Sulu.

14th century
Year Date Event Reference
1380 Karim Al-Makhdum arrives in Jolo and builds a Mosque.
1400 Birth of the Baybayin, Hanunoo, Tagbanwa, and Buhid scripts from Brahmi.
15th century
Year Date Event Reference
1457 Sultanate of Sulu founded by Sharif Al-Hashim.[1]

16th century
Year Date Event Reference
1500 Rise of Kingdom of Maynila under the Bolkiah dynasty
1521 Ferdinand Magellan lands on Homonhon with three small ships, named the
16 March Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria. Magellan calls the place the Arcigelago de
San Lazaro since March 16 is the feast day of Saint Lazarus
28 March Magellan reaches the Philippines
29 March Blood Compact between Magellan and Rajah Kulambo of Limasawa
31 March The first mass on Philippine soil is celebrated.
Magellan meets Rajah Humabon of Cebu and enters into another Blood Compact.
7 April
Humabon and his wife are baptized into the Catholic Church.
27 April Magellan is killed by Lapu-Lapu in the battle of Mactan.
Spain sends an expedition under Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaysa to the Philippines.
1525
The Loaysa Expedition failed
Spain sends another expedition under Juan Cabot to the Philippines. The Cabot
1526
Expedition also failed
1527 Spain sends a fourth expedition under Alvaro de Saavedra to the Philippines.
Saavedra's expedition returns to Spain without Saavedra who died on the way
1529
home.
The Loaysa expedition returns to Spain. One of its survivors is Andres de
1536
Urdaneta, its chronicler.
1543 Spain sends a fifth expedition under Ruy López de Villalobos to the Philippines.
The Expedition succeeds
2 Villalobos arrives in the Philippines and names the islands of Samar and Leyte as
February Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the crown prince of Spain, Philip of Asturias
1565 13
Miguel López de Legazpi arrives in the Philippines with four ships and 380 men
February
8 May Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in the country
Philippines was governed as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
[2][3][4][5][6]
1567 Dagami Revolt (1567)
The Portuguese, under the command of General Gonzalo de Pereira, attack Cebu
1568
and blockade its port.
1570 The Portuguese again attack the colony and are repulsed.
May Legaspi sends an expedition under the leadership of Martin de Goiti to Manila.
1571 19 May The ruler of Manila, Rajah Suliman, wages war against the Spaniards
Legaspi establishes the Spanish Colonial Government in Manila and proclaims it
24 June
the capital of the colony
Legazpi dies and Guido de Lavezaris succeeds him as Governor-General (1572-
1572 20 August
1575)
1574 23
The Chinese pirate captain Limahong attacks Manila but fails
November
2 Limahong again attacks Manila with 1500 soldiers but again fails to defeat the
December Spaniards
[2][3][4][5][6]
December Lakandula leads a short revolt against the Spanish.
1575 Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres(later renamed as Naga City) established by Captain
Pedro de Sanchez
25 August Francisco de Sande appointed Governor-General (1575-1580)
1579 Diocese of Manila established
1580 April Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñaloza appointed Governor-General (1580-1583)
King Philip II of Spain becomes King of Portugal, ending the Portuguese
harassment of the Philippines
The Spaniards institute forced labor on all male natives aged 16 to 60.
1583 10 March Diego Ronquillo appointed Governor-General (1583-1584)
August A great fire destroys Manila
1584 16 May Santiago de Vera appointed Governor-General (1584-1590)
[2][3][4][5][6]
1585 Pampangos Revolt (1585)
[2][3][4][5][6]
1587 Conspiracy of the Maharlikas (1587-1588)
[2][3][4][5][6]
1589 Revolts Against the Tribute (1589)
1590 Missionaries from the Society of Jesus established the Colegio de Manila in [7][8][9]
Intramuros.
1 June Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1590-1593)
1592 Miguel de Benavides's Doctrina Christiana in Chinese published
1593 Doctrina Christiana in Spanish and Tagalog published
October Pedro de Rojas appointed Governor-General (1593)
3
Luis Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1593-1596)
December
1595 Diocese of Manila raised to an Archbishopric
Diocese of Nueva Segovia established.
Diocese of Caceres established.
Diocese of Cebu established.
Colegio de San Ildefonso founded in Cebu
[2][3][4][5][6]
1596 Magalat Revolt (1596)
14 July Francisco de Tello de Guzmán appointed Governor-General (1596-1602)
Colegio de Santa Potenciana, the first school for girls in the Philippines, [10][11][12][7]
1598
established
1600 Pedro Bucaneg inscribes the oral epic Biag ni Lam-ang

17th century
Year Date Event Reference
1600 The Dutch attacks the archipelago in a tactical offensive during the European war
between Spain and the Netherlands
Bandala System is formed by the Spanish Colonial Government
 The Galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico begins.
[2][3][4][5][6]
1601 Igorot Revolt (1601).
[7][13][14][15]
1 August Colegio de San Jose is established
[2][3][4][5][6]
1602 Chinese revolt of 1602
May Pedro Bravo de Acuña appointed Governor-General (1602-1606).
Cristóbal Téllez de Almanza appointed Governor-General (1606-1608) by the
1606 24 June
Audiencia Real.
1608 15 June Rodrigo de Vivero y Velasco appointed Governor-General (1608-1609).
1609 April Juan de Silva appointed Governor-General (1609-1616).
University of Santo Tomas established as the Colegio de Nuestra Señora del [7][16][17]
1611 28 April
Santísimo Rosario (later renamed the Colegio de Santo Tomas).
1616 19 April Andrés Alcaraz appointed Governor-General (1616-1618) by the Audiencia Real.
1618 3 July Alonso Fajardo de Entenza appointed Governor-General (1618-1624).
University of Santo Tomas, then known as Colegio de Nuestra Señora del [16][17]
1619
Santissimo Rosario, recognized by the Holy See.
Colegio de San Juan de Letran established as the Colegio de Huerfanos de San [7][18][19][20]
1620
Pedro y San Pablo.
1621 The Colegio de Manila raised to the status of a University and renamed as the [7][9]
Universidad de San Ignacio by Pope Gregory XV.
[2][3][4][5][6]
Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622)
[2][3][4][5][6]
Bankaw Revolt (1621-1622)
1624 Jeronimo de Silva appointed Governor-General (1624-1625) by the Audiencia
July
Real.
July Fernando de Silva appointed Governor-General (1624-1626).
[2][3][4][5][6]
1625 Isneg Revolt (1625-1627)
1626 29 June Juan Niño de Tabora appointed Governor-General (1626-1632).
University of Santo Tomas, then Colegio de Santo Tomas, authorized to confer [16][17]
1627
degrees by Pope Urban VIII.
1632 Lorenzo de Olaza appointed Governor-General (1632-1633) by the Audiencia
22 July
Real.
[7][21][22]
Colegio de Santa Isabel established
1633 29 August Juan Cerezo de Salamanca appointed Governor-General (1632-1635).
1635 25 June Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera appointed Governor-General (1635-1644).
[2][3][4][5][6]
1639 Cagayan Revolt (1639)
Universidad de San Felipe de Austria established as the first Public University in [7][23]
1640
the Philippines
[7][23]
1643 Universidad de San Felipe de Austria closed down
[2][3][4][5][6]
Ladia Revolt (1643)
1644 11 August Diego Fajardo Chacón appointed Governor-General (1644-1653).
1645 The Colegio de Santo Tomas raised to the status of a university and renamed as
[16][17]
University of Santo Tomas by Pope Innocent X, upon the request of King Philip
IV of Spain.
[2][3][4][5][6]
Zambales Revolt (1645)
[2][3][4][5][6]
Pampanga Revolt (1645)
1647 Dutch besieged the Spanish in the Battle of Puerto de Cavite.
[2][3][4][5][6]
1649 Sumuroy Revolt (1649-50)
[2][3][4][5][6]
Pintados Revolt (1649-50)
1653 25 July Sabiniano Manrique de Lara appointed Governor-General (1653-1663).
[2][3][4][5][6]
1660 Zambal Revolt (1660)
[2][3][4][5][6]
Maniago Revolt (1660)
[2][3][4][5][6]
Malong Revolt (1660-1661)
[2][3][4][5][6]
1661 Ilocano Revolt (1661)
[2][3][4][5][6]
1662 Chinese revolt of 1662
1663 8
Diego de Salcedo appointed Governor-General (1663-1668).
September
[2][3][4][5][6]
Tapar Revolt (1663)
28
1668 Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz appointed Governor-General (1668-1669).
September
24
1669 Manuel de León appointed Governor-General (1669-1677).
September
1677 21
Francisco Coloma appointed Governor-General (1677) by the Audiencia Real.
September
21 Francisco Sotomayor y Mansilla appointed Governor-General (1677-1678) by the
September Audiencia Real.
28
1678 Juan de Vargas y Hurtado appointed Governor-General (1678-1684).
September
University of Santo Tomas placed under Royal Patronage by King Charles II of [16][17]
1680 May 12
Spain.
[2][3][4][5][6]
1681 Sambal Revolt (1681-1683)
1684 24 August Gabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola appointed Governor-General (1684-1689).
1686 Tingco plot (1686)
Alonso de Avila Fuertes appointed Governor-General (1689-1690) by the
1689 April
Audiencia Real
1690 25 July Fausto Cruzat y Gongora appointed Governor-General (1690-1701).

18th century
Year Date Event Reference
8
1701 Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri appointed Governor-General (1701-1709).
December
1709 25 August Martín de Urzua y Arismendi appointed Governor-General (1709-1715).
4
1715 Jose Torralba appointed Governor-General (1715-1717) by the Audiencia Real.
February
Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda appointed Governor-General
1717 9 August
(1717-1719).
[2][3][4][5][6]
1718 Rivera Revolt (1718)
1719 11 Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta of Manila becomes acting Governor-General
October (1719-1721).
[2][3][4][5][6]
Caragay Revolt (1719)
1721 6 August Toribio José Cosio y Campo appointed Governor-General (1721-1729).
1722 Colegio de San Jose conferred with the title Royal.
1729 14 August Fernándo Valdés y Tamon appointed Governor-General (1729-1739).
1739 July Gaspar de la Torre appointed Governor-General (1739-1745).
1744 Dagohoy Rebellion (1744-1829)
1745 21 Archbishop Juan Arrechederra of Manila becomes acting Governor-General
September (1745-1750).
[2][3][4][5][6]
Agrarian Revolt (1745-1746)
1750 20 July Jose Francisco de Obando y Solis appointed Governor-General (1750-1754).
1754 15 May Mt Taal emits magma and destroys the towns of Lipa, Sala, Tanauan and Talisay.
26 July Pedro Manuel de Arandia Santisteban appointed Governor-General (1754-1759).
1759 June Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta appointed Governor-General (1759-1761).
Archbishop Manuel Rojo del Rio y Vieyra of Manila Manilaappointed Governor-
1761 July
General (1761-1762).
1762 Silang Revolt (1762-63)
Palaris Revolt (1762-1765)
Camarines Revolt (1762-1764)
Cebu Revolt (1762-1764)
British forces looted and plundered many of Manila establishments through the
so-called Rape of Manila.
22
British fleet entered seizes Manila Bay as part of the Seven Years War
September
5 October Manila fell under the British rule; start of the British occupation.
Simón de Anda y Salazar appointed Governor-General (1762-17614) by the Real
6 October Audiencia. Provisional Government established in Bacolor, Pampanga with de
Anda as dictator.
2 The British East India Company commissioned The Rt Hon. Dawsonne Drake
November became the first British governor-general of the Philippines until 1764.
1763 Dabo and Marayac Revolt (1763)
Isabela Revolt (1763).
10
Treaty of Paris implicitly returns Manila to Spain.
February
Deaths of Gabriela Silang, the only Filipina to have led a revolt, and her husband
28 May
Diego.
1764 de Anda hands over the control of the colonial government to Francisco Javier de
17 March
la Torre, newly appointed Governor-General (1764-1765)
The last of the British ships that sailed to Manila leaves the Philippines for India,
11 June
ending the British occupation.
1765 Royal Fiscal of Manila Don Francisco Léandro de Viana writes the famous letter
10 to King Charles III of Spain, later called as "Viana Memorial of 1765". The
February document advised the king to abandon the colony due to the economic and social
devastation created by the Seven Years' War. The suggestion was not heeded.
6 July José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez appointed Governor-General (1765-1770)
Governor Raon orders the minting of parallelogramic-shaped coins called
barrillas, the first coined minted in the Philippines.
 The Society of Jesus in the Philippines is expelled by Raón after receiving a dated
later from Charles III's chief minister Don Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea on March
1769 23 July
1, 1767. The Jesuit's Properties are confiscated by the Spanish Colonial
Government
1770 July Simón de Anda y Salazar appointed Governor-General (1770-1776)
Moro pirates traveled all over the country and raids many fishing villages in
1771
Manila Bay, Mariveles, Parañaque, Pasay and Malate.
9
1774 Parishes secularized by order of King Charles III of Spain.
November
30
1776 Pedro de Sarrio appointed Governor-General (1776-1778)
October
1778 July José Basco y Vargas appointed Governor-General (1778-1787)
Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos del Pais de Filipinas (Royal Economic
Society of Friends of the Philippines) introduced in the Philippines to offer local
1780
and foreign scholarships and professorships to Filipinos, and financed trips of
scientists from Spain to the Philippines
Bishop Mateo Joaquin de Arevalo of Cebu establishes the Colegio-Seminario de
San Carlos(later renamed as the University of San Carlos) from the old building
1783
of the defunct Colegio de San Ildefonso, which was closed down in 1769 after the
suppression of the Jesuits.
1785 Lagutao Revolt (1785).
[16][17]
20 May University of Santo Tomas granted Royal Title by King Charles III of Spain.
22
1787 Pedro de Sarrio appointed Governor-General (1787-1788)
September
1788 Ilocos Norte Revolt (1788).
2 April Birth of the greatest Tagalog poet from Bulacan Francisco "Balagtas" Baltazar.
1 July Félix Berenguer de Marquina appointed Governor-General (1788-1793)
1 Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León appointed Governor-General (1793-
1793
September 1806)

19th century
Year Date Event Reference
1805 Nueva Vizcaya Revolt (1805)
1806 7 August Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General (1806-1810)
1807 Ambaristo Revolt (1807)
French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte installs his brother Joseph Bonaparte as
1808 May
King of Spain.
22 King Joseph Bonaparte gives Filipinos Spanish Citizenship and grants the colony
1809
January representation in the Spanish Cortes
1810 4 March Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar appointed Governor-General (1806-1813)
1812 19 March The Spanish Cortes promulgates the Cadiz Constitution
24 The first Philippine delegates to the Spanish Cortes, Pedro Perez de Tagle and
September Jose Manuel Coretto take their oath of office in Madrid, Spain.
1813 4
José Gardoqui Jaraveitia appointed Governor-General (1806-1816)
September
 17 March The Cadiz Constitution implemented in Manila
16
Napoleon is defeated in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
October
Octoberr British General Duke of Wellington drives the Napoleonic forces out of Spain
Ferdinand VII proclaimed as King of Spain; Conservatives return to the Spanish
1814
Cortes
1815 18 June Napoleon is defeated in Waterloo
15
Napoleon is exiled in St. Helena's Island
October
1816 Cadiz Constitution is rejected by the conservative government and Filipino
representation in the Spanish Cortes is abolished
10
Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General (1816-1822)
December
30
1822 Juan Antonio Martínez appointed Governor-General (1822-1825)
October
14
1825 Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca appointed Governor-General (1825-1830)
October
1828 Earthquake strikes Manila destroying many of its buildings
1830 23
Pascual Enrile y Alcedo appointed Governor-General (1830-1835)
December
Manila is opened to the world market
1835 1 March Gabriel de Torres appointed Governor-General (1835)
23 April Joaquín de Crámer appointed Governor-General (1835)
9
Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona appointed Governor-General (1835)
September
Chamber of Commerce is formed
1837 27 August Andrés García Camba appointed Governor-General (1837-1838)
Manila is made an open port.
1838 29
Luis Lardizábal appointed Governor-General (1838-1841)
December
Florante at Laura is published.
14
1841 Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri appointed Governor-General (1841-1843)
February
1843 17 June Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre appointed Governor-General (1843-1844)
1844 16 July Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa appointed Governor-General (1844-1849)
26
1849 Antonio María Blanco appointed Governor-General (1849-1850)
December
1850 29 July Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía appointed Governor-General (1850-1853)
4
1852 Glowing avalanche from Mt Hibok-Hibok.
December
20
1853 Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1853-1854)
December
1854 2
Manuel Pavía y Lacy appointed Governor-General (1854)
February
28 Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1854)
 October
20
Manuel Crespo y Cebrían appointed Governor-General (1854)
November
5
1856 Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1856-1857)
December
12
1857 Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero appointed Governor-General (1857-1860)
January
1859 Jesuits return to the Philippines
Jesuits takes over the Escuela Municipal and establishes the Ateneo Municipal
1860 12
Ramón María Solano y Llanderal appointed Governor-General (1860)
January
29 August Juan Herrera Dávila appointed Governor-General (1860-1861)
1861 2 José Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González appointed Governor-General (1861-
February 1862)
Jose Rizal, Philippines' National Hero is born.
Escuela de Artes Y Oficios de Bacolor established as Asia's oldest vocational
school.
1862 7 July Salvador Valdés appointed Governor-General (1862)
9 July Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham appointed Governor-General (1862-1865)
1863 3 June An earthquake leaves Manila in ruins
1865 University of Santo Tomas made the center for public instruction throughout the [16][17]
Philippines by royal decree of Queen Isabella II of Spain.
Observatorio Meteorológico del Ateneo Municipal de Manila (Manila
Observatory) established by the Jesuits
24 March Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1862-1865)
25 April Juan de Lara e Irigoyen appointed Governor-General (1862-1865)
1866 13 July José Laureano de Sanz y Posse appointed Governor-General (1866)
21
Juan Antonio Osorio appointed Governor-General (1866)
September
27
Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866)
September
26
José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1866-1869)
October
Colegio de Santa Isabel established in Naga by Bishop Francisco Gainza, OP of
1867
Nueva Caceres, through the royal decree of Queen Isabella II of Spain.
1869 17
Suez Canal opened
November
Colegio de Santa Isabel inaugurated as the first Normal School in Southeast Asia
7 June Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866)
23 June José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1869-1871)
1871 The Gabinete de Fisica of the University of Santo Tomas established as the first [16][17]
Museum in the Philippines.
The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Santo Tomas is [16][17]
established as the first schools of Medicine and Pharmacy in the Philippines.
4 April Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez appointed Governor-General (1871-1873)
1872 200 Filipino soldiers stage a mutiny in Cavite.
17 Priests Mariano Gomez, José Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (together
February known as Gomburza) are implicated in the Cavite Mutiny and executed.
1873 8 January Manuel MacCrohon appointed Governor-General (1873)
24
Juan Alaminos y Vivar appointed Governor-General (1873-1874)
January
1874 17 March Manuel Blanco Valderrama acting appointed Governor-General (1874)
18 June José Malcampo y Monje appointed Governor-General (1874-1877)
The Colegio de San Jose incorporated into the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy [24][25][16][17]
1875
of the University of Santo Tomas.
28
1877 Domingo Moriones y Murillo appointed Governor-General (1877-1880)
February
1880 20 March Rafael Rodríguez Arias appointed Governor-General (1880)
15 April Fernando Primo de Riverae appointed Governor-General (1880-1883)(1st Term)
Manila is connected through telegraphic cable Europe by Eastern Telecom.
Two shocks of an earthquake create destruction from Manila to Santa Cruz,
18 July
Luguna. Tremors continue until Aug 6
1882 3 March Jose Rizal leaves for Spain to continue his medical studies
2 June Jose Rizal begins writing the Noli Me Tangere(novel)
1883 10 March Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1883). (First Term)
7 April Joaquín Jovellar appointed Governor-General (1883-1885)
1884 Required forced labor of 40 days a year is reduced to 15 days by the Spanish
Colonial Government.
21 June Rizal finishes his medical studies in Spain
1885 1 April Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1885). (First Term)
4 April Emilio Terrero y Perinat appointed Governor-General (1885-1888)
1887 29 May Noli Me Tangere published.
October Rizal starts writing the El Filibusterismo
The Manila School of Agriculture is established.
1888 10 March Antonio Molto becomes acting Governor-General (1888)
Federico Lobaton becomed acting Governor-General (1888)
Valeriano Wéyler appointed Governor-General (1888-1891)
10
La Solidaridad established
December
1891 28 March Rizal finishes writing El Filibusterismo in Biarritz, France
El Filibusterismo published in Ghent, Belgium
Eulogio Despujol appointed Governor-General (1891-1893)
1892 26 June Rizal arrives in the Philippines from Europe via Hong Kong
3 July Rizal forms the La Liga Filipina
7 July Rizal is arrested for establishing the La Liga Filipina
17 July Rizal is exiled to Dapitan
1893 10 March Federico Ochando becomes acting Governor-General (1893)
Ramón Blanco appointed Governor-General (1893-1896)
1894 8 July Bonifacio forms the Katipunan
1896 Rizal is recruited as a physician for the Spanish Army in Cuba by Governor
1 July
Ramon Blanco
6 August Rizal returns to Manila from Cuba
The Katipunan discovered by the Spanish Colonial Government. Katipuneros flee
19 August
to Balintawak
Revolution is proclaimed by Bonifacio at the Cry of Balintawak. Katipuneros tear
23 August
up their cedulas
Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other Katipuneros board Rizal's ship to
26 August
Barcelona. They offer his rescue but Rizal refused
Revolutionary Battle at San Juan del Monte. Governor Ramon Blanco proclaims
30 August a state of war in Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac
and Nueva Ecija.
2
Rizal Boards the ship Isla de Panay for Barcelona
September
3 October Rizal arrives at Barcelona
4 October Rizal is imprisoned in Montjuich by order of Capt. Gen. Despujo
6 October Rizal returns to Manila as a prisoner
31
A new group of the Katipunan is formed in Cavite headed by Emilio Aguinaldo
October
13
Rizal arrives in Manila and incarcerated in Fort Santiago
November
20
Rizal is interrogated for charges against the Spanish Colonial Government
November
13
Camilo Polavieja becomes acting Governor-General (1896-1897)
December
30
Rizal is executed at Bagumbayan
December
1897 22 March The Katipunan holds its election. Emilio Aguinaldo is elected as president
15 April José de Lachambre becomes acting Governor-General (1897)
23 April Fernando Primo de Rivera appointed Governor-General (1897-1898)
Katipuneros arrest Andres Bonifacio and his brothers Procopio and Ciriaco on
29 April orders of Aguinaldo with sedition and treason before a military court of the
Katipunan.
8 May The Katipunan convicts and sentences Bonifacio brothers to death
Andres Bonifacio and his brothers are executed at Mt. Buntis, Maragondon,
10 May
Cavite.
Aguinaldo establishes a Philippine republican government in Biak-na-Bato, San
31 May
Miguel, Bulacan.
Aguinaldo begins negotiating with the Spaniards colonial government in Manila
10 August
with Pedro Paterno as representative.
15 August A 7.9 intensity estimated earthquake hits Luzon's northwest coast
1
Constitution of Biak-na-Bato ratified
November
14
Pact of Biak-na-Bato between Aguinaldo and Governor Primo de Rivera signed
December
27 Aguinaldo is self-exiled to Hong Kong following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
 December
1898 8
The Katipunan is revived by Emilio Jacinto and Feliciano Jocson
February
11 April Basilio Augustín appointed Governor-General (1898)
The US government promises support in exchange for his cooperation. Aguinaldo
24 April
agrees
26 April The US declares war on Spain.
1 May Commodore George Dewey attacks Manila
19 May Aguinaldo and his companions return to the Philippines from exile
Aguinaldo proclaims a dictatorial government and issues two decrees which show
24 May
his trust and reliance in US protection
12 June Aguinaldo proclaims Philippine Independence
23 June Aguinaldo changes the dictatorial government to revolutionary government.
15 July Aguinaldo creates a cabinet
15 July The Malolos Congress in established
17 July US reinforcements and troops arrive in the Philippines.
24 July Fermín Jáudenes becomes acting Governor-General (1898)
13 August Francisco Rizzo becomes acting Governor-General (1898)
13 August Wesley Merritt appointed Military Governor (1898)
14 August The Spanish surrenders to the US after at mock battle of Manila
29 August Elwell S. Otis appointed Military Governor (1898-1900)
September Diego de los Ríos becomes acting Governor-General (1898)
15
The Malolos Congress meets and elects its officers.
September
Spain and the US sign the Treaty of Paris. Article III provides for the cession of
10
the Philippines to the US by Spain and the payment of 20 million dollars to Spain
December
by the US.
21
US President McKinley issues the Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation
December
1899 20 US President McKinley appoints the First Philippine Commission, known as the
January Schurrman Commission
21
The Malolos Constitution is promulgated by Aguinaldo.
January
23 The Malolos Republic government is inaugurated. Aguinaldo takes his oath of
January office as President.
4
Hostilities break out between the Filipino and US forces.
February
6
The US Senate ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Spain
February
4 March The Schurrman Commission arrives in Manila
6 May Aguinaldo creates a new cabinet
20 May Aguinaldo's moves face opposition from Apolinario Mabini and Antonio Luna
5 June Antonio Luna assassinated
1900 21
The Schurrman Commission returns to the US.
January
 US President McKinley appoints the second Philippine Commission, known as
16 March
the Taft Commission
5 May Arthur MacArthur, Jr appointed Military Governor (1900-1901)
3 June The Taft Commission arrives in Manila
23
Partido Liberal established
December

20th century
Year Date Event Reference
1901 The Army Appropriation Act, also known as the Spooner Amendment, is
2 March
passed by the US Senate.
23 March Aguinaldo is captured by US authorities.
1 April Aguinaldo takes an oath of allegiance to the US.
17 June El Colegio de San Beda established
4 July Adna Chaffee appointed as the last US Military Governor (1901-1902)
A civil government is established in the Philippines with William Howard Taft
4 July
as the first Civil Governor (1901-1904)
18 July The US organizes the Philippine Constabulary
Silliman Institute, later known as Silliman University, is established as the first
28 August
American university in the Philippines
September The first Filipino members of the second Philippine Commission are appointed
27 Guerillas, headed by the Filipino Captain Daza, attack the US military barracks
September in Balangiga, Samar
28
Balangiga massacre occurs
September
A U.S. Marine battalion arrives on Samar to conduct the March across Samar
20 October
operation
4
The Philippine Commission enacts the Sedition Law
November
14
An earthquake estimated of magnitude 7.8 shakes Lucena City.
December
1902 The first labor union of The Country, Union de Litografose Impresores de
January
Filipinas, is organized.
The Philippine Commission calls for the organization of Public Schools in the
21 January
Philippines.
30 March The US Marines leave Balangiga
16 April General Miguel Malvar surrenders to the US forces
Governor Taft negotiates with Pope Leo XIII the sale of the friar lands in the
May
Philippines
July Philippine Commission passes the Philippine Organic Act
1 July Cooper Act is passed by the US Senate. Philippine Assembly is established
Americans proclaim the end of the Philippine-American War, however fighting
4 July
continues
[16][17]
17 Pope Leo XIII formally bestows a Pontifical title on the University of Santo
 September Tomas
12 Bandolerism Act passed by the Philippine Commission. All armed resistance
November against US rule are considered banditry
1903 Governor Taft enunciates the policy of The Philippines for the Filipinos
1904 1 February Luke Edward Wright appointed as Civil Governor (1904-1905)
The Manila Business School is renamed the Philippine School of Commerce
19 October
(later the Polytechnic University of the Philippines).
3
1905 Henry Clay Ide appointed as Civil Governor (1905-1906)
November
1906 20
James Francis Smith appointed as Civil Governor (1906-1909)
September
3 St. Scholastica's College established by the Benedictine Missionary Sisters of
December Tutzing
1907 3 June Centro Escolar University established as Centro Escolar de Señoritas.
30 June First Congressional Elections held
1908 18 June The University of the Philippines is established in Manila.
1911 27 January Mt Taal erupts, and kills 1,334 people
De La Salle University-Manila is founded as De La Salle College by the
16 June
Brothers of Christian Schools.
28 [16][17]
Tricentennial of the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas
December
1913 1
Newton W. Gilbert appointed as acting Civil Governor (1913)
September
6 October Francis Burton Harrison appointed as Civil Governor (1913-1921)
Iglesia ni Cristo (largest independent church in Asia) is registered to the
1914 27 July
government.
1916 16 October The Jones Law is passed establishing an all-Filipino legislature
Manuel Quezon elected Senate President while Sergio Osmenna is elected as
16 October House Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines
1917 11 January The first cabinet of Filipinos under the US regime is organized.
10 March Ambos Camarines Dissolved; Split into Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur.
1921 5 March Charles Yeater appointed as acting Civil Governor (1921)
14 October Leonard Wood appointed as Civil Governor (1921-1927)
1927 7 August Eugene Allen Gilmore appointed as acting Civil Governor (1927)
27
Henry L. Stimson appointed as Civil Governor (1927-1929)
December
1929 23
Eugene Allen Gilmore appointed as acting Civil Governor (1929)
February
8 July Dwight F. Davis appointed as Civil Governor (1929-1932)
30
1930 The Communist Party of the Philippines is formally established
November
1932 9 January George C. Butte appointed as acting Civil Governor (1932)
29
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. appointed as Civil Governor (1932-1933)
February
 Adamson School of Industrial Chemistry (ASIC) later known as Adamson
20 June
University was founded by George Lucas Adamson
The
Communist
Party of the
Philippines
26
is declared
October
illegal by
the
Supreme
Court
Frank Murphy appointed as the last Civil Governor of the Philippines (1933-
1933 15 July
1935)
1934 The Tydings-McDuffie Law, known as the Philippine Independence Law, is
24 March
approved by US President Roosevelt.
202 delegates are elected to the Constitutional Convention in accordance with
10 July
the Tydings-McDuffie Law
30 July The Philippine Constitutional Convention is inaugurated
1935 8 February The Constitutional Convention creates a new constitution
15
The Philippine Constitution is signed
February
14 May The Philippine electorate ratifies the Constitution in a referendum
17
Manuel Quezon elected President in the first Philippine Presidential elections
September
15
The Philippine Commonwealth is inaugurated
November
15
The Office of Civil Governor is abolished
November
1941 11
Manuel Quezon re-elected as President
November
8
Start of the Japanese Invasion of the Philippines
December
20
President Quezon, his family and the war cabinet move to Corregidor Island
December
26
General MacArthur declares Manila an open city
December
28
Filipino and US armies retreat to Bataan
December
30
Manuel Quezon takes his oath of Office at the Corregidor Island
December
1942 2 January Japanese troops enters Manila
3 January Masaharu Homma appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1942)
General Masaharu Homma declares the end of American Rule in the
3 January
Philippines
3 January Martial Law declared
All forms of opposition against the Japanese forces declared subject to death
13 January
penalty
 An executive committee, composed of Filipinos, is formed by General Homma
23 January
as a conduit of the military administration's policies and requirements.
17 The Japanese Military Government issues an order adopting the Japanese
February educational system in The Country
20
President Quezon and the war cabinet leave for the US
February
General MacArthur leaves for Australia to take command of the South Western
11 March
Pacific Area
13 March The Commonwealth government is moved to the US
The People's Anti-Japanese Army or Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon
29 March
(Hukbalahap) is organized.
A pro-US resistance movement is organized, mainly to provide data to the US
April
on enemy positions
Bataan, under US commander General Edward King, is the last province that
9 April
surrenders to the Japanese armies.
26 May Corregidor Island falls to Japanese forces
8 June Shizuichi Tanaka appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1942-1943)
The Commonwealth of the Philippines becomes a member of the United
14 June
Nations
30
The Kalibapi is organized by the Japanese
December
1943 28 May Shigenori Kuroda appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1943-1942)
Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo nominates an all Filipino 20 member
20 June
Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence
4 The Philippine Preparatory Commission for Independence drafts a new
September Constitution which provides for a unicameral national assembly
20 The 108 delegates to the National Assembly are chosen by the members of the
September Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence.
September Jose P. Laurel elected President of the Philippines by the National Assembly
14 October The puppet government is inaugurated. Laurel takes his oath of office
November The Philippine economy collapses, the shortage of rice becomes serious.
1944 May The puppet government inaugurates the Green Revolution Movement.
Sergio Osmena assumes the Office of the President of the Commonwealth of
1 August
the Philippines after the death of Manuel Quezon
21
US forces raids Manila
September
26
Tomoyuki Yamashita appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1944-1945)
September
General MacArthur lands in Palo, Leyte, accompanied by President Sergio
20 October
Osmena and US troops
The Commonwealth government of the Philippines is re-established in
23 October
Tacloban, Leyte
8 Pro-Japanese Philippine generals Pio Duran and Benigno Ramos organize the
December Makapilis
1945 4 February US troops enter Manila
22 Hukbalahap troop leaders arrested by the US forces
 February
24 The Battle of Manila ends. The Japanese surrender to the combined US and
February Filipino troops
27
MacArthur hands over Malacanang Palace to Osmena.
February
3 March The US and Filipino troops recaptured Manila.
The families of pro-Japanese President Laurel and Speaker Aquino leave The
22 March
Country for Japan to seek refuge
5 June The Congress elected in 1941 convenes for the first time
5 July General MacArthur announces the liberation of the Philippines
6 August The American forces drop an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan.
9 August The American forces an atomic bomb over Nagasaki, Japan.
15 August The Empire of Japan accepts defeat
12
Jose P. Laurel is arrested by the US army
September
Manuel Roxas separates from the Nacionalista Party of Sergio Osmena Sr and
December
joins the Liberal Party
1946 20 April Manuel Roxas wins in the last Presidential Election under the Commonwealth
The United States recognizes the Independence of the Republic of the
4 July
Philippines
30
The Amended Tenancy Act is promulgated.
September
1947 28 January President Roxas issues an amnesty proclamation to collaborators
6 March HUKBAHALAP declared illegal
President Roxas dies from a heart attack at Clark Air Field; Vice President
15 April
Quirino Assumes the Office of President
17 April Elpidio Quirino takes his oath of office as President of the Philippines
8 The Philippine representative to the Far Eastern Commission, Carlos P.
September Romulo, signs the Japanese Peace Treaty
President Quirino appoints Ramon Magsaysay as Secretary of the Department
1950 31 August
of National Defense
1951 August The National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) is established
1953 10
Ramon Magsaysay is elected President of the Republic of the Philippines
November
30
Magsaysay takes his oath of office
December
1954 The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty is signed in Manila, creating the
21 July
South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)
15
The Laurel-Langley Agreement is signed
December
1957 President Magsaysay dies in a plane crash; Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia
17 March
assumes the presidency
14
Carlos P. Garcia elected President of the Republic of the Philippines
November
1958 28 August The Filipino first policy is promulgated
1961 7
Diosdado Macapagal elected President of the Republic of the Philippines
December
30
Macapagal takes his oath of office
December
1965 9
Ferdinand Marcos elected President of the Republic of the Philippines
November
30
Ferdinand Marcos takes his oath of office
December
26
1968 A new Communist Party of the Philippines established by Jose Sison
December
1969 Jos Sison formally organizes the military arm of the Communist Party of the
29 March
Philippines, The New People's Army
7
Ferdinand Marcos re-elected President of the Republic of the Philippines
November
17
1970 Elections for 315 members of a Constitutional Convention held.
November
1971 The Constitutional Convention assembles to rewrite the 1935 Constitution. The
1 June
Convention elects former President Carlos Garcia as its head.
Garcia dies and former President Diosdado Macapagal takes over the top
14 June
position at the Convention.
21 August Plaza Miranda bombed during the election campaign of the Liberal Party
22 August President Marcos suspends the Writ of Habeas Corpus
1972 Suspicious bombing incidents increase all over The Country . The MNLF
launches its campaign for the independence of the Muslim provinces.
21 President Marcos signs the Martial Law Edict (at that time not publicly
September announced).
22
Marcos places the entire country under martial law
September
23
Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. is arrested
September
23
The implementation of martial law is officially announced
September
26 The whole country is proclaimed a land reform area and an Agrarian Reform
September Program is decreed.
21 October Marcos passes the Tenant's Emancipation Patent
21 October The first major armed defiance of martial law takes place in Lanao del Sur
The battle between the MNLF and the government troops ends with the latter
22 October
regaining control of the city.
29
The Constitutional Convention passes the new Constitution of the Philippines.
November
1973 Misuari leaves The Country for Libya to solicit armed support from Muslim
countries for the war in Mindanao.
A plebiscite referendum is held among the citizens' assemblies to ratify the new
10 January
Constitution
The National Democratic Front (NDF), the united front organization of the
April
Communist Party of the Philippines, is formally organized.
 27 July Marcos' term as President extended by virtue of a referendum
1974 27 Presidential appointments to local elective positions declared legal by virtue of
February another referendum
1 Jose Sison's essay entitled Specific Characteristics of Our People's War
December published
1976 4 January New people's Army Spokesman Satur Ocampo arrested
26 August Kumander Dante of the New People's Army arrested
16 October Martial Law allowed to exted by virtue of a Plebicte
23
Tripoli Agreement signed
December
An earthquake of 7.8 magnitude and a following tsunami (flood wave) kills
17 August
8,000 people on and off the coast of Mindanao.
1977 The Armed Forces of the Philippines enters into a ceasefire agreement with the
20 January
MNLF.
President Marcos issues a decree creating the autonomous Bangsa Moro
4 March
Islamic Government
10
The CPP head Jose Maria Sison arrested
November
16 A referendum is held, the result of which again empowers the President to
December continue in office, and to become Prime Minister as well.
1978 Rodolfo Salas takes over the leadership of the Communist Party of the
Philippines.
8 April Members of the Interim Batasang Pambansa are elected.
1983 August 21 Benigno Aquino, Jr. assassinated
1984 Philippine parliamentary election, 1984
1986 February 6 Philippine presidential election, 1986
EDSA Revolution ousts President Marcos; Corazon Aquino becomes president
1987 Philippine legislative election, 1987
1991 Senate rejects renewal of U.S military bases in the Philippines
1992 Philippine general election, 1992 (Fidel V. Ramos is elected)
1995 Philippine general election, 1995
1997 Asian financial crisis
1998 Philippine general election, 1998 (Joseph Estrada is elected)
Centennial of Philippines Independence
2000 President Estrada declares an "all-out-war" against the Moro Islamic Liberation
Front (MILF).
President Estrada impeached by House of Representatives

21st century
Year Date Event Reference
2001 EDSA II Revolution ousts Joseph Estrada; vice-president Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo becomes president
EDSA III
 Philippine general election, 2001
2003 Oakwood mutiny
Philippine general election, 2004 (Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
2004
elected to a six-year term)
Hello Garci scandal (Legitimacy of declared election winners
2005
questioned)
A state of emergency was declared in February in response to
2006
coup rumours.
2007 Philippine general election, 2007
Manila Peninsula mutiny
2009 Three International Committee of the Red Cross volunteers were
kidnapped by the rebel group Abu Sayyaf
Death of former president Corazon Aquino.
Great Flood because of Typhoon Ondoy
23
Maguindanao massacre
November
2010 The 2010 Philippine
10 May general elections
took place.
President-elect Benigno Aquino III won the Presidential election,
9 June
being the 15th President of the Philippines.
Inauguration of the President-elect Benigno Aquino III took place,
30 June
officially declaring him as the 15th President of the Philippines.
23 The hostage crisis in Manila took place, killing eight Hong Kong
August holidaymakers.
Typhoon Juan, officially as Typhoon Megi, hits northeastern
16
Luzon at Sierra Madre, creating widespread damage over Luzon.
October
(to 18 October)
December Vizconde Massacre Case Finished.Result Webb's Freedom
December Philippine New Banknotes Released
The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro is signed which
seeks for the creation of a new autonomous political entity,
2012 15 October
Bangsamoro replacing the Autonomous Region of Muslim
Mindanao.