GENERAL MATHEMATICS

-----FUNCTIONS----- -----EVALUATING FUNCTIONS-----

A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of 1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
values (called the domain) to a second set of values
𝑓(5) = 2(5) + 1
(called the range). A relation is a set of ordered pair
(x, y). = 11
A function is a relation where each element in the 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
domain is related to only one value in the range by
some rule. 𝑓(2) = 22 − 2(2) + 1

The Vertical Line Test =1

A graph represents a function if and only if each -----OPERATION ON FUNCTIONS-----
vertical line intersects the graph at most once.
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
Domain- he set of all possible values that the variable
x can take. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)

Examples: (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)

1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
( ) (𝑥) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
D{𝑥|𝑥 ∈ 𝑅}
Function Composition
2. 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 1
(𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
D{𝑥|𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 ≥ −1}
-----RATIONAL EQUATION-----
2𝑥+1
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥−1 Solve for x
D{𝑥|𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 ≠ 1} 2𝑥 − 1
=5
𝑥+3
-----PIECEWISE FUNCTION-----
2𝑥 − 1 = 5(𝑥 + 3)
Some situations can only be described by more than
one formula, depending on the value of the 2𝑥 − 1 = 5𝑥 + 15
independent variable. −1 − 15 = 5𝑥 − 2𝑥
Example: −16 = 3𝑥
A part-time job gives you an hourly wage of P50.00. if 3
you work for more than 40 hours per week, you get −16
an overtime pay that is 1.5 times your normal hourly 𝑥=
3
wage. Write a piecewise function 𝑃(ℎ) that gives your
-----RATIONAL INEQUALITY-----
weekly pay in terms of the number of hours ℎ you
worked that week. Solve for x
4 1
50𝑥 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 40 ≥
2𝑥 − 1 𝑥 + 1
50(40) + 1.5(50)(𝑥 − 40) 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 40 4 1
− ≥0
50𝑥 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 40 2𝑥 − 1 𝑥 + 1

75𝑥 − 1000 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 40 4(𝑥 + 1) − (2𝑥 − 1)

≥0
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
4𝑥 + 4 − 2𝑥 + 1
≥0
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
 2𝑥 + 5 y-intercept:
≥0
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
0−1 1
𝑦= 𝑦=
0−0−6 6
x-intercept
SIGN TABLE
𝑥−1
0= 0=𝑥−1 𝑥=1
𝑥2 −𝑥−6
Vertical Asymptote
𝑥=3
𝑥 = −2
Horizontal Asymptote
n<m
5 1
{𝑥| − ≤ 𝑥 < −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > } y=0
2 2
-----GRAPHING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS----- SIGN TABLE

STEPS:
1. Get the zeroes of the function.
2. Get the x-intercept (value of x when y=0) and
y-intercept (value of y when x=0).
3. Determine the Vertical Asymptotes. It is
simply the zeroes of denominator.
4. Determine the Horizontal Asymptote.
n is degree of numerator
m is degree of denominator GRAPH

n<m
HA: 𝑦 = 0

n=m
𝑎
HA: 𝑦 = 𝑏

n>m
HA: none
5. Plot the Vertical and Horizontal Asymptote on
the Cartesian Plane using dashed line.
6. Plot the x and y intercepts.
7. Make a sign table. (positive means above
while negative means below).
Example:
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
𝑓(𝑥) = =
𝑥2 −𝑥−6 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2)
zeroes:
𝑥 = 1, −2, 3
-----INVERSE AND ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS----- 𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥))
Inverse Function: 𝑥−7
= 2( )+7
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 7
𝑥−7
1. Replace f(x) with y. = 2( )+7
2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 7 =𝑥−7+7
2. Replace all x with y and all y with x. = 𝑥 TRUE
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 7 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(𝑥))
3. Solve for y. 2𝑥 + 7 − 7
𝑥 − 7 = 2𝑦 =
2
𝑥 − 7 = 2𝑦 2𝑥
=
2 2
= 𝑥 TRUE
𝑥−7
𝑦=
2 -----GRAPH OF INVERSE FUNCTION-----

𝑥−7 Given the graph of a one-to-one function, the graph of

𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = its inverse can be obtained by reflecting the graph
2
about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
Example
Horizontal Line Test
A function is one-to-one if each horizontal line does 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 7
not intersect the graph at more than one point. 𝑥−7
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
Property of an inverse of a one-to-one function 2

Given a one-to-one function 𝑓(𝑥) and its inverse 𝑦=𝑥

𝑓 −1 (𝑥), then the following are true: GRAPH
 The inverse of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is 𝑓(𝑥).
 𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥 for all x in the domain of 𝑓 −1.
 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥 for all x in the domain of 𝑓.

Example
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 7
𝑥−7
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
2
Inverse of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
𝑥−7
𝑦=
2
𝑦−7
𝑥=
2
2𝑥 = 𝑦 − 7
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 7 TRUE
-----EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS-----
0 2
Exponential Equations (−∞, 2)

1) 4𝑥−1 = 16

4𝑥−1 = 42 Exponential Growth

𝑥−1=2 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑟)𝑛

𝑥=3 Exponential Decay

2) 7𝑥 = 49
1 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑃(1 − 𝑟)𝑛
Where:
7𝑥 = 7−2
P is the initial Population
𝑥 = −2
r is the rate
3) 2𝑥+2 + 2𝑥+1 = 96 n is time

2𝑥 ∙ 22 + 2𝑥 ∙ 2 = 96
2𝑥 (22 + 2) = 96
2𝑥 (6) = 96
2𝑥 (6) = 96
6
2𝑥 = 16

2 𝑥 = 24
𝑥=4
Exponential Inequalities

1) 43𝑥+2 < 64
43𝑥+2 < 43
3𝑥 + 2 < 3
3𝑥 < 1
3
1
𝑥<
3

0 1
3
1
(−∞, )
3

2) 2−5𝑥+4 > 8−𝑥−

2−5𝑥+4 > 2−3𝑥
2−5𝑥+4 > 2−3𝑥
−5𝑥 + 4 > −3𝑥 Prepared by:
−2𝑥 > −4
Joanna Marie de Jesus
−2
𝑥<2