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NATIONAL ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY

NEU Business School

ASSIGNMENT OF
PROBABILITY AND
MATHEMATICAL
STATISTICS
PHU THO PROVINCE

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: MSc. Bui Duong


Hai
Department
Mathematical Economics Faculty
National Economics University

Assignment Prepared By
Ngo Thi Thu Thao
Bui Ngo Thanh Tung
Nguyen Thi Hong Anh
Le Thi Van Anh
Trinh Van Anh
Dinh Thi Bich Ngoc
Group 2 Class E-BBA 10.1
ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Appendix
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2
Body: Data Analysis ............................................................................................................. 3
I. Education expenditure .................................................................................................. 3
II. Health Insurance Expenditure ................................................................................... 5
III. Medicine Expenditure ................................................................................................ 8
IV. Income Per Head ...................................................................................................... 11
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 14
References ........................................................................................................................... 15

GROUP 2 CLASS E-BBA 10.1 1


ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Introduction
a. About Phu Tho province:

- Phu Tho is one of midland provinces in Northeast Vietnam, as well as the gateway
to the northwest of Hanoi, about 80km from Hanoi to the north. It borders Vinh Phuc
in the east, Son La in the west, Hoa Binh in the south, Yen Bai and Tuyen Quang in
the north. Viet Tri city is the center of administration, economy, culture, politics and
education of the province, about 80km far from the center city of Hanoi and 50km
from Noi Bai International Airport. Viet Tri City is located opposite Ba Vi District,
Ha Noi over the Red River. The province covers an area of 3528.1 square kilometres
and, as of 2008, it had a population of 1,364,700.

b. About the research paper:

- This assignment summarizes and analysis statistics of 4 highlighted aspects of Phu


Tho province during the 2-year-period from 2012 to 2014: income per head; health
insurance, education and medicine expenditure. These areas had significant changes
between 2 years according to the dramatic development of Phu Tho’s economy
during this period of time. The higher income people earned, the bigger expenditure
they spent on health insurance, education and medicine to improve their life quality.

- The income level classified Phu Tho’s households into 4 quarts:

1. Poorest households
2. Lower-middle households
3. Upper-middle households
4. Richest households

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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Body: Data Analysis

I. Education expenditure

Education issues are quite concentrated in Phu Tho. From a very difficult starting point, Phu
Tho has constantly tried to build a "Growing people" career, contributed to forge virtues
and trained talents for generations. The quality of education in all disciplines and grades has
improved markedly and has been ranked among the provinces and cities with good
educational achievements of the whole country for many years.

The Average Expenditure On Education In Phu Tho 2012-2014 (Thousand VND)


Type of Household 2012 2014
Poorest household 1.4 2.0
Lower middle household 1.9 3.2
Upper middle household 2.2 2.8
Richest household 3.5 2.6
Total 9.1 10.6

The Average Expenditure On Education In Phu Tho 2012-2014


Type of Household 2012 2014
Poorest household 15.42% 19.15%
Lower middle household 21.17% 29.88%
Upper middle household 24.41% 26.54%
Richest household 38.99% 24.43%

In the period of 2012-2014, there were certain changes in the education of Phu Tho province.
We can see this change in the four subjects: poorest households, low-middle-households,
upper-middle households and richest households.

For the poorest households in Phu Tho, the average investment cost in education tended to
develop from 1.4 million VND to 2 million VND (increased about 0.6 million VND) during
this 2-year-period. Equivalent to 15.42% - 19.15% (rised 3.73 %) in the total expenditure
on education.

GROUP 2 CLASS E-BBA 10.1 3


ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Next, the cost of education for upper-middle households developed slightly from 24.41% to
26.54% in this period. Equivalent to 2.2 million VND – 2.8 million VND (an increase of
0.6 million VND).

Interestingly, there was a significant rise in the average expenditure on education of lower-
middle households from 2012 to 2014, approximately 95%. This number increased from 1.9
million VND to 3.2 million VND. Equivalent to from 21.17 % to 29.88% (up 8.71%
compared to 2012) in the total average expenditure on education.

In contrast of the rising trend, the richest households in Phu Tho witnessed a dramatic
decrease in the average cost of education, its proportion fell from 38.99% in 2012 to 24.43%
in 2014 (down 14.56%), corresponding from 3.5 million VND to 2.6 million VND. The
reason for this reduction in education expenditure can be the tendency of sending their
children to a better education in some other big city.

But in general, in the period from 2012-2014, the average cost of education for the whole
Phu Tho province increased, from 9.1 million VND to 10.6 million VND (an increase of 1.5
million VND).

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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

The reasons for this increase:

Firstly, the provincial People's Committee has strengthened the management of education
issues, formulated projects, educational development programs and guided the
implementation of the tasks in the above school years. This province area has strictly
implemented the regulations on State management responsibilities in education, ensured the
autonomy and self-social responsibility of educational institutions; renovated and improved
the management effectiveness in the implementation of schemes, projects and planned on
human resource education and development.

Secondly, due to the development, training and retraining of the education staff, the focus
is always paid regular attention and is a key solution to improve the quality of education.
The industry has focused on building a team of teachers and educational managers who are
good at professionalism; strong in politics and ethical.

Thirdly, due to the growing economy and the increasing demand of human resources of Phu
Tho province; the investment in education, equipment and school construction is also
improved well. The more income people gained, the more expenditure they spent on
education.

II. Health Insurance Expenditure

The average cost of Phu Tho people used for health insurance is compared by the column
diagram between 2012 and 2014 according to four basic types of households. In general,
more money was spent to buy insurance on the latter than on the previous year in all types
of households. This means that people in Phu Tho province in 2014 tended to care more
about health than before.

It can be observed that in bar chart, the lower middle - income group spent the highest
amount of money on health insurance in both years. Then it comes to upper middle

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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

household, then the richest household and finally the poorest household. In 2012, the
average expenditure the lower middle household used to pay for insurance than the poorest
household was about 185 thousand VND. In 2014, that number was more than 237 million
VND. When assessing the growth rate of insurance costs in these 2 years, the figures
corresponding to poorest, lower middle, upper middle and richest household are 43.2%,
30.9%, 5.1% and 47.6%.

Average Health Insurance Expenditure In Phu Tho 2012-2014


Type of Household Growth rate
Poorest household 43.2%
Lower middle household 30.9%
Upper middle household 5.1%
Richest household 47.6%
Total 25.9%

Interestingly, the average amount of money for insurance in 2014 of the lower middle
household is approximately 30% higher than that amount in 2012. Similarly, that of the
poorest household also raised significantly for more than 40%. Moreover, the richest
household also spent almost 50% more money on health insurance. However, the average
expenditure used for health insurance by upper middle household in Phu Tho only increased
5.1% from 2012 to 2014. In general, in the period of 2012-2014, the amount of increasing
money spending on insurance raised significantly.

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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

To sum up, the average cost of health insurance in Phu Tho increased over the period 2012
– 2014. The diagram above clearly shows that growth in cost of health care insurance. In
terms of calculations, in 2014, people in Phu Tho province spent more than 180 thousand
VND compared to 2012 to be able to use health insurance.

So, what is the reason for this growth?

Deputy director of social insurance of Phu Tho province Nguyen Duc Phong said that
implementing the tasks in 2014, the provincial social insurance received the close leadership
and direction of the Party Committees and local authorities. and Vietnam Social Insurance.
Especially, the close coordination among departments and agencies. The provincial Social
Insurance advises the provincial People's Committee to set up a Steering Committee for
implementation of social insurance and health insurance policies.

The provincial social insurance has implemented a series of synchronous solutions, in close
coordination with all levels and sectors such as: strengthening the propaganda of social
insurance and health insurance policies; actively mobilize people to participate in social
insurance and health insurance, paying special attention to focusing on those who are not
required to mobilize voluntary participation ... Besides, a decisive factor It is the close
coordination between the provincial social insurance and the provincial Department of
Health.

Because Phu Tho is located in the region where the Project for supporting near-poor
households to participate in health insurance in the Red River Delta provinces, the provincial
social insurance and the Department of Health has actively coordinated to advise the
committee. The provincial people have issued a decision to provide additional 10% funding
for buying health insurance cards for this group. Accordingly, the near-poor have been
supported with 100% of funds to buy health insurance cards (the project is 20%, the central
budget is 70%, the provincial budget is 10%). This is an important turning point to promote
the rapid increase in the number of insured people (in the last 6 months of 2014, the number
of near-poor households buying health insurance cards reached 69,000).

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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

In fact, as of the beginning of 2015, the number of people participating in health insurance
in the whole province was 1,040,216, reaching 80.1% of the provincial population. In 2014,
the whole province had 1,166,886 turns of people going for medical examination and
treatment with health insurance, with a total of 519,500 million VND for medical
examination and treatment (increased by 6.8% over the same period in 2013).

III. Medicine Expenditure

Medicine expenditure is one of the most noticeable problems in Phu Tho province. As can
be seen from the charts, there were changes in the average cost of medicine in four figures:
poorest households, low-middle-households, upper-middle households and richest
households.

It is clear that there was a gradual increase in the average medicine expenditure in Phu Tho
from 2012 to 2014. During this period, the figure rose from nearly 15.1 million VND to
more than 18.2 million VND.

GROUP 2 CLASS E-BBA 10.1 8


ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

For the poorest households, over the two-year period, the average medicine expenditure
tended to rise from 1.5 million VND to 2.4 million VND (increased 0.9 million VND), for
just below 60%.

In addition, there was a gigantic growth in the average medicine expenditure of lower
middle household from 2012 to 2014 with more than twice. The figure went up from 2.5
million VND in 2012 to 5.1 million VND after 2 years.

During this period of time, the cost of medicine for upper-households stood at around 3.3
million VND in 2012 then this data grew approximately 90% in 2014 with a number of 6.2
million VND.

The huge rise in the medicine expenditure of the middle household can be the result of the
expansion in their income.

By contrast, the richest households in Phu Tho province seemed to spend less money on
medicine by years. They used 7.9 million VND in 2012 but this figure decreased a lot 2
years later, stopped at only 4.5 million VND in 2014. This significant fall can be the result
of the development in life standard, leading to less diseases.

GROUP 2 CLASS E-BBA 10.1 9


ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

As can be seen from the graph, both lower and upper-middle households in Phu Tho spent
a lot of money on medicine with very high growth percentage during the 2-year-period from
2012 to 2014, about nearly 205% and 188.9% respectively while the data from richest
households showed the inversion with a number stood at around one over five of the
previous figures (more than 40%).

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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Reasons of this growth

People’ living standard have been improved. They concerned more about their health
problems, and kept wondering “How to have a better health?”. Moreover, the government
had many strategies to improve the health care services in the province. Besides, the more
Phu Tho’s economy grew, the more investment medicine had. The medical care on Phu Tho
province was developed remarkable, this leaded the medicine expenditure rate decreased
rapidly on 2014.

IV. Income Per Head

Phu Tho, a province which was known as one of the poorest areas of Vietnam (according to
wikipedia data in the 2000s) has been developing higher and higher by years in every aspects
to become a highlighted forefront province in the northern mountainous region. This can be
seen clearly through the increase in the average total income per head of Phu Tho in the
following charts.

During a 2-year-period from 2012 to 2014, there was a significant rise in Phu Tho average
total income, which was described by 4 types of specific household: poorest household,
lower-middle household, upper-middle household and lastly, the richest households.

According to the graph, the poorest households seemed to have a better life after 2 years
since 2012 with the average total income in 2014 was 10 million VND, higher than their
income in 2012 (8 million VND) with a number of 2 millions.

Next, there was a significant increase in the lower-middle households income. After only 2
years, the total amount of money they gained reached a peak of 19 million VND in 2014,
more than a quarter of their income in 2012 (15 million VND).

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GROUP 2 CLASS E-BBA 10.1
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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Following that rising trend, the upper-middle households also earned more money during
this period of time. In 2012, their average total income stood at around 24 million VND but
over the next 2 years, this figure rose by about 5 million VND. Their income peaked 29
million VND in 2014.

Last but not least, the richest households in Phu Tho province also experienced a hugh rise
from 2012 to 2014. Their income was 41 million VND in 2012 and it increased to 60 million
VND after 2 years.

As can be seen from the chart, the richest household in Phu Tho province accounted for the
highest growth percentage in average total income per head with 46.5%, doubling that of
poorest household (23.6%) and more than twice higher than that of upper middle household
(21.4%) and lower middle household (25.1%).

Overall, the average total income per head in Phu Tho province had a significant rise in the
period given. From an amount of money stood at around 88 million VND in 2012, it reached
a peak at nearly 117 million VND after 2 year.

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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

So, what is the reason of this growth?

Receiving the attention and direction of the Party Central Committee, the National
Assembly and the Government, the coordination and assistance of the central committees,
Phu Tho has promoted the tradition of solidarity, effective exploitation of potentials,
advantages, dynamism, creativity, overcome difficulties with high determination to
accomplish the main objectives set and continue to reach achievements on the fields.

In the period of 2010 - 2015, the economy of the province will continue to grow fairly, the
average economic growth rate of 5 years reached 5.87%; of which: industry - construction
increased 7.25%, agriculture and forestry seafood increased 5.09%, services increased
4.93%. The economy scale at current prices reached VND 40,400 billion, up 84%, leading
in the Northwest provinces; the GRDP per capita reached over VND 33 million (2016). The
economic structure continues to move in the direction of progress, in line with the
development orientation of the province. The new rural development program is deployed
vigorously and synchronously with many models and creative ways.

Especially, Phu Tho has effectively implemented three breakthroughs in investment in


infrastructure, human resources training and tourism development. In the period 2010 -
2015, the province has mobilized a total capital of over VND 69 trillion, an average increase
of 10.2% per year to invest in infrastructure, new construction, renovation and upgrading of
nearly 1.000 km of roads, complete 7 big bridges. Urban infrastructure, industrial clusters,
agriculture and rural areas have been strengthened to invest in and create new faces,
contributing to the rapid growth of Viet Tri City into an urban type I... Training human
resource reached great achievements.

All of those government policies and development in various areas are the reason why Phu
Tho had such a dramatic growth in the average total income per head.

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GROUP 2 CLASS E-BBA 10.1
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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Conclusion
Phu Tho province has achieved many remarkable results in recent years and the provincial
GDP growth rate per capita in the period 2007-2017 reached 9.5%. The provincial economy
structure and competitives have positively changed, contributing to the improvement of
local people’ living standards.

The health care of the province has changed positively. The national health care programs
are implemented uniformly. Preventive medicine obtains important achievements, namely
controlling and repelling some dangerous diseases. The medical network is strengthened
and developed. The policy for medical staff are paid attention and resolved; operation of
medical establishments is improved; health care system is interested to upgrade, add new
equipment, quality treatment and attitude of staff is enhanced. The health care policy for
those who are get the beneficiary of social welfare, have health insurance and poor people
is concerned.

In term of education, the province is developing the institution network towards


standardization, modernization and socialization to improve the comprehensive quality
education, facilitate people to study regularly. Infrastructure, facilities and teachers serve
the training are being prioritized.

Through this assignment, we want to highlight the quality of Phu Tho province’s growth
and the improvement of people living standards.

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ASSIGNMENT OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

References
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BHYT ở Phú Thọ Retrieved from http://tapchibaohiemxahoi.gov.vn/tap-chi-so/chuyen-
bien-manh-me-trong-hoat-dong-kham-chua-benh-bhyt-o-phu-tho-
460?fbclid=IwAR04eLGTkvYxvUlgyxWMgyiMNBY2DISPM9zmHwnmo7d_7KMHcEfsXy
EOcZE

History of Establishment and development of Phu Tho Province (2017, August 21).
Retrieved from Retrieved from
http://www.phutho.gov.vn/english/Pages/TinTuc/197657/History-of-establishment-and-
development.html?fbclid=IwAR1-jgrsprCrbt-
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Phú Tho ̣ vài nét tổ ng quan (2017, April 3). Retrieved from https://dantocmiennui.vn/xa-
hoi/phu-tho-vai-net-tong-quan/166123.html

Le, V.T. (2013, March 13) Phú Thọ với mục tiêu phát triển nguồn nhân lực. Retrieve
from http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/Viet-nam-tren-duong-doi-
moi/2013/20552/Phu-Tho-voi-muc-tieu-phat-trien-nguon-nhan-
luc.aspx?fbclid=IwAR1u1dDoXiydO_5muJFSwfmv5SNR6UUhqC9xPO3tYTe-
9HR2iC5yB8hkb30

Hoa, P.P. (2014, March 07) Phú Thọ với mục tiêu thoát nghèo và trở thành tỉnh công
nghiệp năm 2020. Retrieve from
http://daibieunhandan.vn/ONA_BDT/NewsPrint.aspx?newsId=308758&fbclid=IwAR0bQ
ZPDitddb-rGIO-oKdX2ytFnLufauK90ZgEYHI_OyTAbxF-YgGy0sNU

Phú Thọ với công tác an sinh xã hội và giải quyết việc làm cho lao động nông thôn
(2014, May 1). Retrieve from
http://www.molisa.gov.vn/Pages/tintuc/chitiet.aspx?tintucID=19505&fbclid=IwAR18kQM
kfwIZy8Y_p6K49sDhUNdUhJguqxLcI2zcGlHxSFyXbDIad_9788Y

Tổng cục thống kê (2012). Tình hình kinh tế xã hội 2012. Retrieve from
https://gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=621&ItemID=13419&fbclid=IwAR1zkOTpXGi8BU
OpD6L-pc5J8OV3FfnGSmmMficFh0K_1yoiirTzhlgdFp4

Tổng cục thống kê (2014, December 29). Tình hình kinh tế xã hội 2014. Retrieve from
http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/noidungtinhhinhthuchien?categoryI
d=100003029&articleId=10053823&fbclid=IwAR2ybwbhoXKyLXTRe71xczAxu_Tf5tF2X
D99mBE_F6McWHjBbLIEcCOhhPM

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