APENDICE

Listado de isómeros de alcanos

BUTANOS (2)
(1200) - (0,0) 1 (1030) - (1,1)1

butane
isobutane

PENTANOS (3)
(1200) - (0,0) 1 (1230) - (1,1) 1 (1004) - (2,1) 1

pentane
isopentane
neopentane

HEXANOS (5)
(1200) - (0,0)1 (1230) - (1,1)2

3-methylpentane
hexane

2-methylpentane
(1204) - (2,1)1 (1030) - (2,2)1

2,2-dimethylbutane
2,3-dimethylbutane

1
 HEPTANOS (9)
(1200) - (0,0) 1 (1230) - (1,1)3

heptane

2-methylhexane
(1230) - (1,1)

3-methylhexane
3-ethylpentane

(1204) - (2,1)2

2,2-dimethylpentane
3,3-dimethylpentane
(1230 - (2,2)2

2,4-dimethylpentane
2,3-dimethylpentane
(1034) - (3,2)1

2,2,3-trimethylbutane

2
 0CTANOS (18)
(1200) - (0,0)1 (1230) - (1,1)4

octane

2-methylheptane
(1230) - (1,1)4

3-methylheptane 4-methylheptane

3-ethylhexane

(1204) - (2,1)3

2,2-dimethylhexane 3,3-dimethylhexane

3-ethyl-3-methylpentane

3
 OCTANOS
(1230) - (2,2)

2,4-dimethylhexane

2,3-dimethylhexane

2,5-dimethylhexane
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
(1234) - (3,2)3

2,2,4-trimethylpentane
2,2,3-trimethylpentane
2,3,3-trimethylpentane
(1030) - (3,3)1 (1004) - (4,2)1

2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane
2,3,4-trimethylpentane

4
 NONANOS ( 35 )
(1200) - (0,0)1

nonane
(1230) - (1,1)5

2-methyloctane 3-methyloctane

4-methyloctane
3-ethylheptane

4-ethylheptane
(1204) - (2,1)5

2,2-dimethylheptane
3,3-dimethylheptane

4,4-dimethylheptane
3-ethyl-3-methylhexane

5
 (1204) - (2,1)5

3,3-diethylpentane

NONANOS
(1230) - (2,2)9

2,4-dimethylheptane

2,3-dimethylheptane

2,6-dimethylheptane

2,5-dimethylheptane

3,5-dimethylheptane

3,4-dimethylheptane

3-ethyl-2-methylhexane 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane

6
 (1230) - (2,2)

4-ethyl-2-methylhexane
(1234) - (3,2)8

2,2,4-trimethylhexane
2,2,3-trimethylhexane

2,3,3-trimethylhexane
2,2,5-trimethylhexane

2,4,4-trimethylhexane
3,3,4-trimethylhexane

3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane

7
 (1230) - (3,3)3

2,3,4-trimethylhexane 2,3,5-trimethylhexane

3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane

NONANOS
(1204) - (4,2)2

2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane
2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentane

(1034) - (4,3)2

2,3,3,4-tetramethylpentane
2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentane

8
 DECANOS (75)
(1200) - (0,0)1

decane
(1230) - (1,1)7

2-methylnonane
3-methylnonane

4-methylnonane 5-methylnonane

4-ethyloctane
3-ethyloctane

7
9
5
2 8
4
1 3 6 10
4-propylheptane
1,2,3,4,4,5,6,7,8
(1204) - (2,1)6
10 8
9 5 3 1
7 5 3 110 6 4 2
9 6 4 2 7
8 3,3-dimethyloctane
2,2-dimethyloctane 1,2,3,4,5,6,6,6,9
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7,7

9
 DECANOS
(1204) - (2,1)6
7 8
6
9 5 3 1 2 9
4
10 8 4 2 1 10
3 7
6 5
4,4-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-4-methylheptane
1,2,3,4,5,5,5,8,9 1,2,3,4,4,4,6,7,9

6 10
7 4 2 7
6 3 1
9 5 3 1 9 4 2
8 5
10 8
3-ethyl-3-methylheptane 3,3-diethylhexane
1,2,3,4,5,5,5,7,8 1,2,3,4,4,4,5,6,7
(1230) - (2,2)17
9 9 6
5 3 1
6 3 1
8
10 4 2 8 5
10 7 4 2
7 2,4-dimethyloctane
2,3-dimethyloctane 1,2,3,4,5,5,7,8,8
1,2,3,4,5,6,6,8,8
10 9 4

6 3 6 1
1
4 8 3
8 10 7 5 2
9 7 2 2,6-dimethyloctane
1,2,3,3,5,6,7,8,8
5
2,5-dimethyloctane
1,2,3,4,4,6,7,8,8

10
 3 6

5 7 10 9 3 1
8 7
2 5
1 4 6 10 4 2

2,7-dimethyloctane 9 8
1,2,2,4,5,6,7,8,8 3,4-dimethyloctane
1,2,3,4,5,5,7,7,9

DECANOS
(1230) - (2,2)17
9 6 3 1 8
7 4
10 2 5 10
2
3
7
8 5 1 6 9
3,5-dimethyloctane
1,2,3,4,4,6,7,7,9
4
3,6-dimethyloctane
1,2,3,3,5,6,7,7,9

5 10

2 8 4 2
10 5
6 7
4 9 1
1 3 9
3
6
7 8
4,5-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-2-methylheptane
1,2,3,4,4,6,6,8,9 1,2,3,4,5,5,6,7,7

5 7 5 2
6 3
8 2 9 1
6
4
10 3 1 8 4
10
7 3-ethyl-5-methylheptane
9 1,2,3,3,5,6,6,7,8
3-ethyl-4-methylheptane
1,2,3,4,4,6,6,7,8

11
 10 7
10 5
2 5
3 2
8
1 7 9 8 4
9 6 3 1
4 4-ethyl-2-methylheptane
6 1,2,3,4,4,5,6,8,8
5-ethyl-2-methylheptane
1,2,3,3,4,5,7,8,8
7 9
5 7
9 2 2
6 10
4 3
10 1 5
3 1 8
8 4
4-ethyl-3-methylheptane
1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,9 6
3,4-diethylhexane
1,2,3,3,4,5,5,7,8

DECANOS
(1230) - (2,2)17
9 10
6

2 7
4
1 3 5 8
4-isopropylheptane
1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,7
(1234) - (3,2)17
10 10 5

7 4 2 7 2
5 4
9 1 9 6 3 1
3
8 8
2,2,4-trimethylheptane
6
2,2,3-trimethylheptane 1,2,3,4,4,6,7,7,7
1,2,3,4,5,5,7,7,7

12
 10 10 3

5 2 7 5
7
3 2
9 6 4 1
9 6 1
8
8 2,2,6-trimethylheptane
4 1,2,2,4,5,6,7,7,7
2,2,5-trimethylheptane
1,2,3,3,5,6,7,7,7
9 5
6 8
4 2 9 2
8 4
10 5 3 1 10 6 3 1

7 7
2,3,3-trimethylheptane 3,3,4-trimethylheptane
1,2,3,4,5,5,5,8,8 1,2,3,4,4,6,6,6,9
8 9
9 5 2 4
3 2 6
10 6 1 8
1 3 7 10
7 4
3,3,5-trimethylheptane
5
1,2,3,3,5,6,6,6,9 2,5,5-trimethylheptane
1,2,3,3,3,6,7,8,8

DECANOS
(1234) - (3,2)17
10 5 5

2 9 4 2
4 7
8 10 1
9 7 3 1 3
6
6 8
2,4,4-trimethylheptane 3,4,4-trimethylheptane
1,2,3,4,4,4,7,8,8 1,2,3,4,4,4,7,7,9

13
 10 7

3 2 5 10
6 1 3
4
9 1 9
2
8
8 4
5 6
7 4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane
3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane
1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,6 1,2,3,3,4,5,5,5,9
9 10
2 5 10 5
3 3 1
1 7 7
9 4 2
4 8
6 6
4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane
8
1,2,3,3,4,5,7,7,7 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylhexane
1,2,3,4,4,4,6,7,7
4 4
6 2 6 10
8 8
1 1 3
3
10 5 2
5 9
7 7
4-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane
9
3-ethyl-3,4-dimethylhexane 1,2,3,3,3,5,6,8,8
1,2,3,3,5,5,5,7,8
10 8
5
2
6
9 3 1

4
7
3,3-diethyl-2-methylpentane
1,2,3,3,3,4,5,6,6

DECANOS
(1230) - (3,3)10

14
 10 5 10

2 5 2
6 6 3
8 4 8
9 3 1 9 1

7 7 4
2,3,4-trimethylheptane 2,3,5-trimethylheptane
1,2,3,4,4,6,6,8,8 1,2,3,3,5,6,6,8,8
3 10 6
10
5 2
6 3
8 2 8 5
9 4 1
9 7 1

7
2,3,6-trimethylheptane 4
1,2,2,4,5,6,6,8,8 2,4,5-trimethylheptane
1,2,3,3,5,5,7,8,8
3 6 9 6

2 9
3 7
2 5 8 5
1 10 1 10
4 7
2,4,6-trimethylheptane
1,2,2,4,5,5,7,8,8 4 8
3,4,5-trimethylheptane
1,2,3,3,5,5,7,7,9
10 4 8

1 4 10
5 3 6
7 3 5
9 2 7

6 2 9
8 1
3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylhexane
1,2,3,3,5,5,6,7,7 1,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,6
7 8

2 10 3 1
3 8 4
5 5
1 7 2
4 9 6
6 9 10
4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylhexane 3-isopropyl-2-methylhexane
1,2,3,3,4,5,5,8,8 1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6
DECANOS
(1204) - (4,2)5

15
 8 8 4
5
7 3 1 7 3 1
10 4 2 9 6 2
9 10 5
6 2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexane
2,2,3,3-tetramethylhexane 1,2,3,3,3,6,7,7,7
1,2,3,4,4,4,7,7,7
4 7
9 4
2 6 2 6 10
10
1 7 1 3 9
5
3 8
8 5
2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane 3,3,4,4-tetramethylhexane
1,2,2,2,5,6,7,7,7 1,2,3,3,3,6,6,6,9
10
4
6 2

9 3 1
8
5
7
3-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylpentane
1,2,3,3,3,5,6,6,6
(1234) - (4,3)8
10 4 10

7 4 3
7 1 5 2
5
3 9
9 2
8
8 6 1
6 2,2,3,5-tetramethylhexane
2,2,3,4-tetramethylhexane 1,2,2,4,5,5,7,7,7
1,2,3,3,5,5,7,7,7
10 5 9 4
6
7 3 1
2
4 8 3
9 6 10 5 2
8
1 7
2,2,4,5-tetramethylhexane 2,3,3,4-tetramethylhexane
1,2,2,4,4,6,7,7,7 1,2,3,3,5,5,5,8,8

16
 DECANOS
(1234) - (4,3)8

10 7
7 4
4 3 2 10
8 2 8
6
9 5 1 3

6 1 5 9
2,3,3,5-tetramethylhexane 2,3,4,4-tetramethylhexane
1,2,2,4,5,5,5,8,8 1,2,3,3,3,6,6,8,8

3-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylpentane
3-ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylpentane

(1030) - (4,4)2

2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexane
3-isopropyl-2,4-dimethylpentane
(1034) - (5,3)2

2,2,3,3,4-pentamethylpentane
2,2,3,4,4-pentamethylpentane

17
 N
(r,p) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL
- 1 1
- 1 1
0,0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
1,1 1 1 2 3 4 5 7 23
2,1 1 1 2 3 5 6 18
2,2 1 2 5 9 17 34
3,2 1 3 8 17 29
3,3 1 3 10 14
4,2 1 3 5 9
4,3 2 8 10
4,4 2 2
5,3 2 2
TOTAL 1 1 1 2 3 5 9 18 36 75 151

DISTRIBUCION DE GRUPOS ISOMERICOS POR CLASE (r,p)

DE LOS DIEZ PRIMEROS GRUPOS DE ALCANOS

35

30

25
NUMERO DE ISOMEROS

20

15

10

0
0 0 0 11 21 22 32 33
(r,p) 42 43 44 53

18
 DISTRIBUCION DEL NUMERO DE ISOMEROS
PARA LOS PRIMEROS DIEZ GRUPOS DE ALCANOS

75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
NUMERO DE ISOMEROS
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NUMERO DE CARBONOS (n) DE CADA GRUPO DE ALCANOS

19
 DISTRIBUCION DE TIPOS DE CARBONOS

DISTRIBUCION DE ISOMEROS POR TIPO DE CARBONOS “p”

C1 ↔ C10
(r,p) Cmetilo C1º y C2º C3º C4º 150
C6 ↔ C10
(2,2) 0 variable 2 0 34
C4 ↔ C10
(1,1) 0 variable 1 0 23
C4 ↔ C10
(3,3) 0 variable 3 0 14
C10
(4,4) 0 variable 4 0 2
C5 ↔ C10
(2,1) 0 variable 0 1 18
C4 ↔ C10
(4,2) 0 variable 0 2 9
C7 ↔ C10
(3,2) 0 variable 1 1 29
C9 ↔ C10
(4,3) 0 variable 2 1 10
C10
(5,3) 0 variable 1 2 2
C2 ↔ C10
(0,0) 0 variable 0 0 9
C1
metano 1 0 0 0 1

20